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Cascading Logic: A Machine Control Methodology for Programmable Logic Controllers [Pehme köide]

(University of Minnesota)
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Written for programmable logic controller programmers, this book describes how to create a functional machine control program for industrial equipment that is sequential in nature.The programming methodology starts by breaking the machine into its basic elements. These small and manageable elements allow the programmer to focus on large concerns before dealing with specifics. The methodology then shows how to program each element and how to assemble the elements together into a complete machine control program. The book is intended to provide programmers with the confidence they need to reach decisions, and move forward with the certainty that the program is performing as intended without odd combinations of logic causing unintentional actions. The sequential nature of events will also help operators and maintenance personnel troubleshoot and maintain the equipment after it is put into operation. Ladder logic illustrations demonstrate each part of the text. Although the ladder logic examples use the instruction set for the Allen Bradley SLC 500 programmable logic controller, the concepts and techniques can be used with any brand of programmable logic controller.
About the Author ix
Introduction xi
Ladder Logic Basics
1(14)
Introduction
1(1)
Rungs and Branches
2(1)
Program Execution and Scan Time
3(1)
One Shots
4(1)
Always On Bit
5(1)
First Scan Bit
6(1)
Alternators
6(1)
Binary Counters
7(2)
One Scan Oscillator
9(1)
Latches
9(3)
Duty Timers
12(1)
DeMorgan's Theorem
12(2)
Other Circuits
14(1)
Sequences and Motion Objects
15(14)
Introduction
15(1)
Functional Grouping
15(2)
Documentation
17(1)
Sequences
17(3)
The Motion Object
20(7)
Summary
27(2)
Output Logic
29(20)
Introduction
29(1)
Application Considerations
29(3)
Spring-Return Valves
32(1)
Auxiliary Rungs
32(3)
Spring-Return Valve Output Latch
35(2)
Recovery
37(2)
Double-Ended, Detented Valves
39(1)
Double-Ended Valve Output Logic (Spring-Return Configuration)
40(1)
Double-Ended Valve Output Logic (Double-Ended Configuration)
41(1)
Three-Position Valves
42(3)
Three-Position Cylinders
45(1)
Pulse Outputs
46(1)
Conclusion
47(2)
Simulating Sensors
49(4)
Introduction
49(1)
Cylinders with Only One Sensor
49(1)
Cylinders with No Sensors
50(1)
Time-Driven Motion Objects
50(2)
Output Logic Versus Motion Objects
52(1)
Checking Sensors
53(12)
Introduction
53(1)
Problems with Lone Sensors
54(1)
Back Checking
55(2)
Forward Checking
57(2)
Position Bits
59(1)
How Often Sensors Are Checked
60(1)
Home Position
61(4)
Controlling Sequences
65(12)
Introduction
65(1)
Types of Sequences
65(1)
Common Control Structure
66(9)
Conclusion
75(2)
Step and Single Cycle
77(14)
Introduction
77(1)
Why Have Stepping?
77(1)
Why Have Single Cycle?
78(1)
Mode Selection
78(2)
Single-Cycle Control
80(2)
Step Mode Control
82(1)
Modified Sequence Control
83(2)
Mix and Match Modes
85(1)
Machine Running
86(1)
In Cycle
87(1)
Fault Recovery, Debug, and Startup Tools
87(4)
System Control
91(16)
Introduction
91(1)
Summary of Sequence Control
91(3)
Control Hierarchy
94(2)
System Control
96(7)
Starting Auxiliary Equipment with the Machine
103(1)
Program Structure
103(1)
Summary
104(3)
Parent/Child Sequences
107(30)
Introduction
107(1)
The Dial Machine
107(5)
The Dial Sequence
112(12)
Typical Station Sequence
124(4)
Cycle Stop Points
128(3)
Manual Load/Unload Stations
131(1)
Dial Mechanisms
131(2)
Indexing Stations
133(1)
Code Generation and Checking
134(3)
Decision Logic
137(10)
Introduction
137(1)
The Pick/Place Example
137(1)
Part Inspection
137(5)
Continuing Sequences
142(1)
Branching Sequences
143(1)
Converging Sequences
143(1)
Parallel Branches
144(1)
Conclusion
145(2)
Dependent Sequences
147(8)
Introduction
147(1)
The Example
147(2)
The Problem
149(3)
The Solution
152(1)
Other Problems
152(2)
Conclusion
154(1)
Machine States
155(12)
Introduction
155(1)
Machine States
156(1)
Machine State Concepts
156(2)
Power Off State
158(1)
First Scan State
158(1)
Fault State
159(3)
Manual Mode State
162(1)
Ready and Not Ready States
162(1)
Running State
163(1)
Other Possible States
164(1)
Conclusions
164(3)
Message Logic
167(8)
Introduction
167(1)
Motion Object
168(1)
Message Displays
169(1)
Message Display Logic
169(2)
Types of Messages
171(1)
Message Text
172(1)
Message Logic Payback
173(2)
Appendix A 175(10)
Glossary 185(18)
Index 203