Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Catalan [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 454 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 900 g
  • Sari: Descriptive Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Jul-2010
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415596408
  • ISBN-13: 9780415596404
Teised raamatud teemal:
CatalanSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 454 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 900 g
  • Sari: Descriptive Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Jul-2010
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0415596408
  • ISBN-13: 9780415596404
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780415596404.html
Märksõnad:
Among the languages of Europe spoken by bilingual communities, Catalan has a special status because of its vitality. Catalan enjoys official recognition in Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands, in spain and in the principality of Andorra. Catalan is of importance within the Romance family because it constitutes a link between the Ibero-Romance family of languages and the Gallo-Romance branches. This book will be of interest to both Romanists and general linguists engaged in comparative work.

Arvustused

'This book will be of major reference value to all those with research interests in Hispanic linguistics.' - British Bulletin of Publications

Introduction xxiii
Glosses xxvi
Notes on Catalan Orthography xxviii
1 Syntax 1(236)
1.1 General questions
1(72)
1.1.1 Sentence types
1(30)
1.1.1.1 Direct and quoted speech
1(1)
1.1.1.2 Interrogative sentences
2(23)
1.1.1.2.1 Yes-no questions
2(1)
1.1.1.2.1.1 Neutral yes-no questions
2(1)
1.1.1.2.1.2 Leading yes-no questions
3(1)
1.1.1.2.1.3 Alternative questions
6(1)
1.1.1.2.2 Question-word questions
7(1)
1.1.1.2.2.1 Elements that can be questioned
7(1)
1.1.1.2.2.2 Treatment of the questioned element
18(1)
1.1.1.2.3 Echo-questions
18(1)
1.1.1.2.3.1 Yes-no echo-questions
19(1)
1.1.1.2.3.2 Question-word echo-questions
19(1)
1.1.1.2.3.3 Yes-no question echo-questions
21(1)
1.1.1.2.3.4 Question-word question echo-questions
21(1)
1.1.1.2.3.5 Restrictions on echo-questions
21(1)
1.1.1.2.3.6 Multiple echo-questions
21(1)
1.1.1.2.3.7 Treatment of different questioned elements in echo-questions
22(1)
1.1.1.2.4 Answers
22(1)
1.1.1.2.4.1 Answers and speech acts
22(1)
1.1.1.2.4.2 Minimal answers
24(1)
1.1.1.3 Imperative sentences
25(4)
1.1.1.4 Other sentence types
29(1)
1.1.1.5 Indirect speech acts
30(1)
1.1.2 Subordination
31(42)
1.1.2.1 General properties of subordinate clauses
31(1)
1.1.2.2 Noun clauses
31(15)
1.1.2.2.1-2 General properties and types of noun clauses
31(4)
1.1.2.2.3 Indirect statements
35(1)
1.1.2.2.4 Indirect questions
35(2)
1.1.2.2.5 Indirect commands
37(5)
1.1.2.2.6 Nonfinite noun clauses .
.38
1.1.2.2.7 Clause union with object clauses
42(4)
1.1.2.3 Adjective clauses (relative clauses)
46(14)
1.1.2.3.1 Marking of adjective clauses
46(1)
1.1.2.3.2 Restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses
46(1)
1.1.2.3.3 Position of the head noun
47(1)
1.1.2.3.4-5 Marking of the relativized elements: relative pronouns
47(6)
1.1.2.3.6 Headless relatives
53(2)
1.1.2.3.7 Elements that can be relativized
55(1)
1.1.2.3.8 Elements that are moved with the relative pronoun
56(1)
1.1.2.3.9 Nonfinite adjective clauses
56(1)
1.1.2.3.10 Relative clauses with resumptive pronouns
57(2)
1.1.2.3.11 Preposition fronting in relatives
59(1)
1.1.2.4 Adverb clauses
60(10)
1.1.2.4.1 General properties of adverb clauses
60(1)
1.1.2.4.2 Types of adverb clauses
61(1)
1.1.2.4.2.1 Time adverb clauses
61(1)
1.1.2.4.2.2 Manner adverb clauses
64(1)
1.1.2.4.2.3 Purpose adverb clauses
65(1)
1.1.2.4.2.4 Cause adverb clauses
65(1)
1.1.2.4.2.5 Conditional adverb clauses
66(1)
1.1.2.4.2.6 Result adverb clause's
67(1)
1.1.2.4.2.7 Adverb clauses of degree
68(1)
1.1.2.4.2.8 Concessive adverb Clauses
69(1)
1.1.2.4.3 Nonfinite adverb clauses
70(1)
1.1.2.5 Sequence of tenses
70(3)
1.2 Structural questions
73(61)
1.2.1 Internal structure of the sentence
73(27)
1.2.1.1 Copular sentences
73(7)
1.2.1.1.1-2 Copular sentences with a nominal or adjectival complement
73(5)
1.2.1.1.3-5 Copular sentences with adverbial complement
78(1)
1.2.1.1.6 Different types of copulas: pseudo copulatives
79(1)
1.2.1.2 Verbal sentences
80(19)
1.2.1.2.1 Impersonal sentences
80(4)
1.2.1.2.2 Transitive and intransitive verbs
84(5)
1.2.1.2.3 Indirect objects
89(4)
1.2.1.2.4 Other arguments
93(2)
1.2.1.2.5 Combinations of 'arguments
95(1)
1.2.1.2.6 Order of constituents
96(3)
1.2.1.3 Adverbials
99(1)
1.2.1.3.1 Types of adverbials
99(1)
1.2.1.3.2 Positions of adverbials
99(1)
1.2.1.3.3 Obligatory adverbials
100(1)
1.2.2 Adjective phrases
100(4)
1.2.2.1 Operational definition of adjective phrases
100(1)
1.2.2.2 Arguments (complements) of adjectives
101(1)
1.2.2.3 Modifiers of adjective phrases
102(2)
1.2.3 Adverb phrases
104(2)
1.2.4 Prepositional phrases
106(10)
1.2.4.1 Definition: Simple and complex prepositions
106(5)
1.2.4.2 Arguments (complements) of prepositional phrases
111(3)
1.2.4.2.1 Prepositions without arguments
111(1)
1.2.4.2.2 Prepositions with more than one argument
112(1)
1.2.4.2.3 Prepositions with clausal 4rguments
113(1)
1.2.4.2.4 No preposition stranding
113(1)
1.2.4.3 Modifiers of prepositional phrases
114(1)
1.2.4.4 Prepositions and case
114(2)
1.2.5 Noun phrases
116(18)
1.2.5.1 Operational definition of the noun phrase
116(1)
1.2.5.2 Noun modifiers
116(9)
1.2.5.2.1 Adjectives
116(3)
1.2.5.2.2 Relative clauses
119(1)
1.2.5.2.3 Possessive 'adjectives'
119(1)
1.2.5.2.4 Articles
120(1)
1.2.5.2.5 Demonstratives
120(1)
1.2.5.2.6 Quantifiers and numerals
121(1)
1.2.5.2.7 Adverbials
122(1)
1.2.5.2.8 Emphatic words
123(1)
1.2.5.2.9 Comparative/superlative/equative structures
123(1)
1.2.5.2.10 Prepositional phrases
124(1)
1.2.5.2.11 Appositions
125(1)
1.2.5.3 Order of modifiers of the same type
125(2)
1.2.5.4 Impossible combinations of modifiers
127(4)
1.2.5.5 Order of elements in the noun phrase
131(3)
1.3 Coordination
134(20)
1.3.1.1 Means used for coordinating sentences
134(4)
1.3.1.1.1 And-coordination
134(1)
1.3.1.1.2 But-coordination
134(1)
1.3.1.1.3 Or-coordination
135(1)
1.3.1.1.4 Negative coordination
136(1)
1.3.1.1.5 Correlative coordination
137(1)
1.3.1.2 Number of coordinators
138(1)
1.3.1.3 Coordination of major sentence constituents
139(3)
1.3.1.4 Coordination and accompaniment
142(1)
1.3.1.5 Structural parallelism in coordination
143(4)
1.3.1.5.1 Coordination of adjectives and participles
144(1)
1.3.1.5.2 Coordination of nouns and nominalized constructions
144(1)
1.3.1.5.3 Coordination of adverbials of different types
144(1)
1.3.1.5.4 Coordination of active and passive verbs
145(1)
1.3.1.5.5 Coordination between verb categories
146(1)
1.3.2.1 Deletion under identity in coordinate clauses
147(2)
1.3.3 Deletion under identity of elements inside major constituents
149(5)
1.3.3.1 Deletion under identity in coordinate noun phrases
149(3)
1.3.3.2 Deletion under identity in adjective phrases
152(1)
1.3.3.3 Deletion under identity in adverb phrases
152(2)
1.4 Negation
154(12)
1.4.1 Sentence negation
154(4)
1.4.2 Constituent negation
158(6)
1.4.3 Multiple negation
164(1)
1.4.4 Negation in coordinate structures
164(1)
1.4.5 Negative raising
165(1)
1.5 Anaphora
166(11)
1.5.1 Means for expressing anaphora
166(2)
1.5.2 Domains of anaphoric relations
168(9)
1.5.2.1 Anaphora within the clause
168(2)
1.5.2.2 Anaphora between coordinate structures
170(2)
1.5.2.3 Anaphora between superordinate and subordinate clauses
172(3)
1.5.2.4 Anaphora between different subordinate clauses
175(1)
1.5.2.5 Anaphora between different sentences
176(1)
1.5.3 Anaphoric processes affecting elements located next to complementizers
177(1)
1.6 Reflexives
177(20)
1.6.1 Means of expressing reflexivity
177(2)
1.6.2-3 Scope of reflexivity
179(1)
1.6.4 Distribution of reflexive elements in the clause
180(1)
1.6.5 Antecedent-reflexive relations
181(15)
1.6.6 Reflexive relations in nominalized clauses
196(1)
1.6.7 Reflexive relations within ordinary noun phrases
196(1)
1.6.8 Reflexive elements without antecedents
197(1)
1.6.9 Other uses of reflexive elements
197(1)
1.7 Reciprocals
197(10)
1.7.1 Means for expressing reciprocity
197(1)
1.7.2-3 Scope of reciprocity
198(1)
1.7.4 Distribution of reciprocal elements in the clause
198(1)
1.7.5 Antecedent-reciprocal relations
198(8)
1.7.6 Reciprocal relations in nominalized clauses
206(1)
1.7.7 Reciprocal relations within ordinary noun phrases
207(1)
1.7.8 Reciprocal elements without antecedents
207(1)
1.8 Comparison
207(5)
1.8.1 Means for expressing comparison
207(4)
1.8.2-5 Elements that must or can be omitted under identity
208(3)
1.8.6 Correlative comparison
211(1)
1.9 Equatives
212(2)
1.9.1 Means for expressing equation
212(1)
1.9.2 Elements that must and can be omitted under identity
213(1)
1.10 Possession
214(4)
1.10.1 Means of expressing possession sententially
214(2)
1.10.2 Alienable and inalienable possession
216(2)
1.10.3-5 Temporary and permanent possession: Possession of persons, animals and things. Present and past possession
218(1)
1.11 Emphasis
218(10)
1.11.1 Sentence emphasis
218(10)
1.11.1.1 Noncontradictory emphasis
218(1)
1.11.1.2 Contradictory emphasis
219(1)
1.11.2.1 Constituent emphasis
220(4)
1.11.2.1.1 Stress
220(1)
1.11.2.1.2 Particle
220(1)
1.11.2.1.3 Movement without dislocation
220(1)
1.11.2.1.4-5 Clefting and pseudoclefting
221(1)
1.11.2.1.6 Dislocation
222(1)
1.11.2.1.6.1 Left dislocation
222(1)
1.11.2.1.6.2 Right dislocation
223(1)
1.11.2.1.7 Other possibilities
223(1)
1.11.2.1.8 Combination of means to express emphasis
224(1)
1.11.2.2 Elements that can be emphasized
224(1)
1.11.2.2.1.1 Noun phrases
224(1)
1.11.2.2.1.2 Adjectives
224(1)
1.11.2.2.1.3 Verbs
225(1)
1.11.2.2.1.4 Adverbials
226(1)
1.11.2.2.2.1 Constituents of the main clause
227(1)
1.11.2.2.2.2 Constituents of the subordinate clause
227(1)
1.11.2.2.2.3 Constituents of the noun phrase
227(1)
1.11.2.2.2.4 Constituents of a coordinate construction
227(1)
1.11.2.2.2.5 Emphasis on more than one constituent
228(1)
1.11.2.2.3 Traces of moved emphasized elements
228(1)
1.11.3 Focus of yes-no question
228(1)
1.12 Topic
228(3)
1.12.1 Means for indicating the topic
228(3)
1.12.2 Elements that can be topicalized
231(1)
1.12.3 Traces of moved topicalized elements
231(1)
1.13 Heavy shift
231(3)
1.13.1-3 Heavy shift processes and elements that are affected
231(1)
1.13.4 More than one heavy phrase
232(1)
1.13.5 Elements dislocated next to complementizers
233(1)
1.14 Other movement processes
234(1)
1.15 Minor sentence-types
234(1)
1.16 Operational definitions for word-classes
234(3)
1.16.1 Noun
234(1)
1.16.2 Pronoun
234(1)
1.16.3 Verb
235(1)
1.16.4 Adjective
236(1)
1.16.5 Preposition
236(1)
1.16.6 Quantifier
236(1)
1.16.7 Article/determiner
236(1)
2 Morphology 237(130)
2.1 Inflection
237(110)
2.1.1 Noun inflection
237(47)
2.1.1.1 Means used to express the syntactic and semantic functions of noun phrases
237(1)
2.1.1.2 Expression of different syntactic functions
238(12)
2.1.1.2.1 Subject of intransitive verb
238(2)
2.1.1.2.2 Subject of transitive verb
240(1)
2.1.1.2.3 Subject of copular construction
241(1)
2.1.1.2.4 Direct object
241(3)
2.1.1.2.5 Indirect object
244(2)
2.1.1.2.6 Object of comparison
246(1)
2.1.1.2.7 Object of equation
247(1)
2.1.1.2.8 Other objects governed by verbs
247(1)
2.1.1.2.9 Complement of copular construction
248(1)
2.1.1.2.10 Subject-complement
249(1)
2.1.1.2.11 Object-complement
249(1)
2.1.1.2.12 Objects governed by adjectives
249(1)
2.1.1.2.13 Agent in passive construction
250(1)
2.1.1.2.14-15 Topic/emphasized element
250(1)
2.1.1.3 Syntactic functions in nonfinite clauses
250(3)
2.1.1.3.1 Absolute gerundival construction
250(1)
2.1.1.3.2 Infinitive temporal clauses
251(1)
2.1.1.3.3 Nominalization
251(1)
2.1.1.3.4 Absolute participial construction
251(2)
2.1.1.4 Non-local semantic functions
253(8)
2.1.1.4.1 Benefactive
253(1)
2.1.1.4.2 Source
253(1)
2.1.1.4.3 Instrumental
253(1)
2.1.1.4.3a Negative instrumental
254(1)
2.1.1.4.4 Comitative
254(1)
2.1.1.4.4a Negative comitative
254(1)
2.1.1.4.5 Circumstance
254(1)
2.1.1.4.5a Negative circumstance
254(1)
2.1.1.4.6 Possessive
254(1)
2.1.1.4.7 Possessed
255(1)
2.1.1.4.8 Quality
255(1)
2.1.1.4.8a Negative quality
255(1)
2.1.1.4.8b Reference quality
255(1)
2.1.1.4.9 Quantity
256(1)
2.1.1.4.9a Reference quantity
256(1)
2.1.1.4.10 Material
256(1)
2.1.1.4.10a Negative material
256(1)
2.1.1.4.11 Manner
256(1)
2.1.1.4.11a Negative manner
256(1)
2.1.1.4.12 Cause
257(1)
2.1.1.4.13 Purpose
257(1)
2.1.1.4.14 Function
257(1)
2.1.1.4.15 Reference
257(1)
2.1.1.4.16 Essive
258(1)
2.1.1.4.17 Translative
258(1)
2.1.1.4.18 Part-whole
258(1)
2.1.1.4.19 Partitive
258(1)
2.1.1.4.19.1 Partitive numeral
258(1)
2.1.1.4.19.2 Nonpartitive numeral
258(1)
2.1.1.4.19.3 Partitive quantifier
259(1)
2.1.1.4.19.4 Nonpartitive quantifier
259(1)
2.1.1.4.19.5 Partitive negative quantifier
259(1)
2.1.1.4.19.6 Nonpartitive negative quantifier
259(1)
2.1.1.4.20 Price
259(1)
2.1.1.4.21 Value
259(1)
2.1.1.4.22 Distance
260(1)
2.1.1.4.23 Extent
260(1)
2.1.1.4.24 Concessive
260(1)
2.1.1.4.25 Inclusion
260(1)
2.1.1.4.26 Exclusion
260(1)
2.1.1.4.27 Addition
261(1)
2.1.1.4.28 Vocative
261(1)
2.1.1.4.29-30 Citation and label form
261(1)
2.1.1.5 Local semantic functions
261(11)
2.1.1.5.1 General
261(1)
2.1.1.5.2 Proximate
262(1)
2.1.1.5.3 Interior
263(2)
2.1.1.5.4 Exterior
265(1)
2.1.1.5.5 Anterior
265(1)
2.1.1.5.6 Posterior
266(1)
2.1.1.5.7 Superior
266(1)
2.1.1.5.8 Superior-contact/surface
267(1)
2.1.1.5.9-10 Inferior and inferior-contact
268(1)
2.1.1.5.11-12 Lateral and lateral-contact
269(1)
2.1.1.5.13-14 Citerior and citerior-contact
269(1)
2.1.1.5.15-16 Ulterior and ulterior-contact
270(1)
2.1.1.5.17-18 Medial
271(1)
2.1.1.5.19 Circumferential
272(1)
2.1.1.5.20 Citerior-anterior
272(1)
2.1.1.5.21-26 Relation to long objects
272(1)
2.1.1.6 Location in time
272(1)
2.1.1.7 Double case marking
273(1)
2.1.1.8 Number marking in nouns
274(3)
2.1.1.9 Gender
277(4)
2.1.1.9.1 Gender markers
277(2)
2.1.1.9.2 Meanings of genders
279(1)
2.1.1.9.3 Marking of gender on elements other than nouns
280(1)
2.1.1.9.4 Classifiers
281(1)
2.1.1.9.5 Assignment of loan-words to genders
281(1)
2.1.1.10 Definiteness
281(2)
2.1.1.10.1 Means of marking definiteness
281(1)
2.1.1.10.2 Obligatoriness/optionality of definiteness markers
282(1)
2.1.1.10.3-4 Definiteness and deixis
282(1)
2.1.1.10.5.1 Definiteness marking with proper names
282(1)
2.1.1.10.5.2 Definiteness marking with abstract names
282(1)
2.1.1.11 Indefiniteness
283(1)
2.1.1.11.1-4 Marking of indefiniteness
283(1)
2.1.1.11.5.1 Marking of indefiniteness with nonsingular
283(1)
2.1.1.11.5.2 Marking of indefiriteness with mass nouns
283(1)
2.1.1.12 Referentiality
284(1)
2.1.1.13 Genericness
284(1)
2.1.1.14 Obviation
284(1)
2.1.2 Pronouns
284(12)
2.1.2.1 Personal pronouns
284(6)
2.1.2.1.1 Use of free pronouns
284(3)
2.1.2.1.2-11 Person, gender and number distinctions made in the pronouns
287(1)
2.1.2.1.12 Status distinctions
288(1)
2.1.2.1.13 Nonspecific indefinite pronouns
288(1)
2.1.2.1.14 Specific indefinite pronouns
289(1)
2.1.2.1.15 Emphatic pronouns
289(1)
2.1.2.1.16 Complex pronouns
289(1)
2.1.2.1.17 Pronoun-noun constructions
290(1)
2.1.2.1.18-19 Plural comitative construction
290(1)
2.1.2.1.20 Case system in pronouns
290(1)
2.1.2.2 Reflexive pronouns
290(1)
2.1.2.3 Reciprocal pronouns
291(1)
2.1.2.4 Possessive pronouns
292(1)
2.1.2.5 Demonstrative pronouns
293(2)
2.1.2.6 Interrogative pronouns and other question words
295(1)
2.1.2.7 Relative pronouns and other relative words
295(1)
2.1.3 Verb morphology
296(35)
2.1.3.1 Voice
296(7)
2.1.3.1.1 Passive
296(1)
2.1.3.1.1.1 Personal passive
296(1)
2.1.3.1.1.2 Impersonal passive
297(1)
2.1.3.1.1.3 Tense/aspect in the passive
298(1)
2.1.3.1.2 Means of decreasing verb valency
298(1)
2.1.3.1.2.1 Formation of an intransitive verb from a transitive verb by not specifying the subject of the transitive
298(1)
2.1.3.1.2.2 Formation of an intransitive verb by not specifying the object
300(1)
2.1.3.1.2.3 Formation of reciprocal/reflexive from transitive
301(1)
2.1.3.1.3 Means of increasing verb valency: causatives
301(2)
2.1.3.1.4 Special reflexive/reciprocal verb forms
303(1)
2.1.3.2 Tense
303(6)
2.1.3.2.1 Tenses that are formally distinguished
303(1)
2.1.3.2.1.1 Universal
303(1)
2.1.3.2.1.2 Present
304(1)
2.1.3.2.1.3 Past
304(1)
2.1.3.2.1.3.1 Degrees of remoteness in the past
304(1)
2.1.3.2.1.3.2 Relative tenses with respect to a point in the past
305(1)
2.1.3.2.1.4 Future tense
306(1)
2.1.3.2.1.4.1 Modal/aspectural values of the future form
307(1)
2.1.3.2.1.4.2 Degrees of remoteness in the future
307(1)
2.1.3.2.1.4.3 Relative tenses with respect to a point in the future
307(1)
2.1.3.2.2 Tense distinctions in different moods
307(1)
2.1.3.2.3 Absolute vs. relative tenses
308(1)
2.1.3.3 Aspect
309(7)
2.1.3.3.1 Perfect aspect
309(1)
2.1.3.3.2 Aspect as different ways of viewing the duration of a situation
310(1)
2.1.3.3.2.1 Aspects that are formally marked
310(1)
2.1.3.3.2.1.1-2 Perfective (aoristic) vs. imperfective aspect
310(1)
2.1.3.3.2.1.3 Habitual aspect
310(1)
2.1.3.3.2.1.4 Continuous aspect
311(1)
2.1.3.3.2.1.5 Progressive aspect
312(1)
2.1.3.3.2.1.6 Ingressive aspect
312(1)
2.1.3.3.2.1.7 Terminative aspect
313(1)
2.1.3.3.2.1.8-14 Iterative, semelfactive, punctual, durative simultaneous and other aspects
313(1)
2.1.3.3.2.2.1 Combinations of aspectual values
313(1)
2.1.3.3.2.2.2 Restrictions on the combinations of different aspectual values with other elements
314(2)
2.1.3.4 Mood
316(9)
2.1.3.4.1 Indicative/Subjunctive
316(7)
2.1.3.4.2 Conditional
323(1)
2.1.3.4.3 Imperative
323(2)
2.1.3.4-5 Optative
325(2)
2.1.3.4.6 Debitive
325(1)
2.1.3.4.7 Potential
325(1)
2.1.3.4.8 Degree of certainty
326(1)
2.1.3.4.9 Authority for assertion
326(1)
2.1.3.4.10 Hortatory/monitory moods
326(1)
2.1.3.5 Finite and nonfinite forms
327(3)
2.1.3.6 Person and number agreement
330(1)
2.1.4 Adjectives
331(5)
2.1.4.1-3 Predicative and attributive adjectives: Noun-adjective agreement
331(3)
2.1.4.4 Comparison of adjectives
334(2)
2.1.4.5 Degrees of a quality
336(1)
2.1.5 Prepositions
336(1)
2.1.6 Numerals/quantifiers
336(4)
2.1.6.1-5 Numerals
336(3)
2.1.6.6 Quantifiers
339(1)
2.1.6.6.1 Compound quantifiers
339(1)
2.1.7 Adverbs
340(1)
2.1.7.1 Comparison of adverbs
340(1)
2.1.7.2 Degrees of a quality
341(1)
2.1.8 Clitics
341(6)
2.1.8.1 Clitic elements
341(4)
2.1.8.2 Position of clitics
345(1)
2.1.8.3 Relative order of clitics
345(1)
2.1.8.4 Restrictions on possible combinations of clitics
346(1)
2.2 Derivational Morphology
347(20)
2.2.1.1 Nouns from nouns
347(2)
2.2.1.2 Nouns from verbs
349(2)
2.2.1.3 Nouns from adjectives
351(1)
2.2.1.4 Nouns from adverbs and other categories
352(1)
2.2.2.1 Verbs from nouns
352(1)
2.2.2.2 Verbs from verbs
353(1)
2.2.2.3 Verbs from adjectives
354(1)
2.2.2.4 Verbs from adverbs and other categories
355(1)
2.2.3.1 Adjectives from nouns
355(1)
2.2.3.2 Adjectives from verbs
356(1)
2.2.3.3 Adjectives from adjectives
357(1)
2.2.3.4 Adjectives from adverbs
358(1)
2.2.4.1 Adverbs from nouns
358(1)
2.2.4.2 Adverbs from verbs
358(1)
2.2.4.3 Adverbs from adjectives
358(1)
2.2.4.4 Adverbs from adverbs
359(1)
2.2.4.5 Adverbs from other categories
359(1)
2.2.5 Prefixation
359(8)
2.2.6.1 Complex prepositions
362(1)
2.2.6.1.1 Two or more prepositions
362(1)
2.2.6.1.2 Nominal formations
362(1)
2.2.6.1.3 Verbal formations
362(1)
2.2.6.2 Simple derived prepositions
362(1)
2.2.6.3 Compound morphology
362(6)
2.2.6.3.1 Compound nouns
362(2)
2.2.6.3.2 Compound verbs
364(1)
2.2.6.3.3 Compound adjectives
365(1)
2.2.6.3.4 Compound adverbs
366(1)
3 Phonology 367(46)
3.1 Phonological units (segmental)
367(12)
3.1.1 Distinctive segments
367(1)
3.1.2 Description of the segments
368(11)
3.1.2.1 Nonsyllabics
368(8)
3.1.2.1.1 Plosives and affricates
368(1)
3.1.2.1.1.1 Plosives
368(1)
3.1.2.1.1.2 Affricates
370(1)
3.1.2.1.2 Fricatives
371(1)
3.1.2.1.3 Nasals
372(1)
3.1.2.1.4 Liquids
373(1)
3.1.2.1.4.1 Laterals
373(1)
3.1.2.1.4.2 Rhotics
373(1)
3.1.2.1.5 Glides
374(2)
3.1.2.2 Syllabics
376(2)
3.1.2.2.1 Vowels
376(2)
3.1.2.3 Phonemes in loanwords
378(1)
3.1.2.4 Restrictions of phonemes to word-classes
378(1)
3.2 Phonotactics
379(5)
3.2.1.1 Word-final consonants
379(1)
3.2.1.2 Word-initial consonants
379(1)
3.2.2.1 Consonant clusters
379(1)
3.2.2.2 Description of initial and final consonant clusters
379(2)
3.2.2.2.1 Word-initial consonant clusters
379(1)
3.2.2.2.2 Word-final consonant clusters
380(1)
3.2.2.3 Word-medial consonant clusters
381(1)
3.2.3 Restrictions on the distribution of vowels
381(1)
3.2.4 Morpheme-structure and word-structure
382(2)
3.2.5.1 Syllabification
382(1)
3.2.5.2 Canonical syllable type
383(1)
3.2.6.1-3 Onset/rhyme restrictions
383(1)
3.2.6.4 Vowel harmony
383(1)
3.3 Suprasegmentals
384(9)
3.3.1 Degrees of length
384(1)
3.3.2 Stress
385(3)
3.3.2.1 Position of stress and rules of stress assignment
385(3)
3.3.2.2 Levels of stress
388(1)
3.3.3 Pitch
388(1)
3.3.4 Intonation
389(4)
3.3.4.1 Major intonational patterns
389(3)
3.3.4.1.1 Statements
389(1)
3.3.4.1.2 Questions
390(2)
3.3.4.3 Emphatic intonation
392(1)
3.4 Morphophonology (segmental)
393(19)
3.4.1.1 Assimilation processes
393(6)
3.4.1.1.1 Voice assimilation and neutralization
393(2)
3.4.1.1.2 Nasal assimilation
395(1)
3.4.1.1.3 Lateral assimilation
396(1)
3.4.1.1.4 Assimilation of the plosives
396(1)
3.4.1.1.5 Nasalization of plosives
397(1)
3.4.1.1.6 Summary of major processes of assimilation
398(1)
3.4.1.2 Dissimilation processes
399(1)
3.4.1.3 Other alternations
399(1)
3.4.1.3.1 Vowel reduction
399(1)
3.4.1.3.2 [ w]/[ (3] alternations
399(1)
3.4.2 Metathesis
400(1)
3.4.3 Coalescence
400(11)
3.4.3.1 Affricate formation
400(1)
3.4.3.2 Merger of continuants
400(2)
3.4.4.1 Deletion processes,
402(5)
3.4.4.1.1 Simplification of final clusters
402(1)
3.4.4.1.2 Interaction of nasal assimilation and cluster simplification
403(1)
3.4.4.1.3 Final /n/-deletion
404(2)
3.4.4.1.4 Final 1r/-deletion
406(1)
3.4.4.1.5 Schwa deletion
407(1)
3.4.4.2 Insertion processes
407(4)
3.4.4.2.1 [ e]-epenthesis in clitic groups
407(2)
3.4.4.2.2 Other instances of schwa-insertion
409(1)
3.4.4.2.3 [ u]-epenthesis in plurals
409(1)
3.4.4.2.4 Other morphological cases of insertion
410(1)
3.4.5 Reduplication
411(1)
3.4.6 Other processes
411(1)
3.4.6.1 Strengthening of /b/, /g/
411(1)
3.5 Morphophonology (suprasegmental)
412(1)
3.5.1 Stress and morphology
412(1)
4 Ideophones And Interjections 413(3)
4.1 Ideophones
413(2)
4.1.1 Reduplicative ideophones
413(1)
4.1.2 Nonreduplicative ideophones
414(1)
4.2 Interjections
415(1)
4.2.1 Interjections that do not conform to principles of word structure
415(1)
5 Lexicon 416(12)
5.1 Structured semantic fields
416(6)
5.1.1 Kinship terminology
416(2)
5.1.2 Color terminology
418(1)
5.1.3 Body parts/functions/conditions
419(3)
5.1.4 Cooking terminology
422(1)
5.2 Basic vocabulary
422(6)
Appendix: common irregular verbs 428(18)
References 446(2)
Index 448
Jose Ignacio Hualde