| Preface |
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xiii | |
| Author |
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xvii | |
| Notation |
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xix | |
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1 Basics of mineral resources for cement production |
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1 | (40) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Characterization of minerals and rocks |
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2 | (4) |
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1.3 Nature of limestone occurrence |
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6 | (2) |
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1.4 Assessment of limestone deposits |
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8 | (10) |
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1.5 Mineral composition and quality of limestone |
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18 | (6) |
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24 | (3) |
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1.7 Quarry design and operational optimization |
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27 | (2) |
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1.8 Argillaceous materials |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (3) |
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1.11 Influence of raw materials on unit operations |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (4) |
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39 | (2) |
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2 Raw mix proportioning, processing, and burnability assessment |
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41 | (32) |
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41 | (1) |
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2.2 Stoichiometric requirements in raw mix computation |
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41 | (7) |
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48 | (5) |
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2.4 Preparation process for raw mix |
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53 | (10) |
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2.5 Burnability features of raw meal |
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63 | (5) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (4) |
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70 | (3) |
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3 Fuels commonly in use for clinker production |
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73 | (30) |
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73 | (1) |
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3.2 Characteristics of fuels |
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74 | (7) |
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3.3 Coal resources of the world |
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81 | (2) |
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3.4 Basic chemistry and physics of combustion |
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83 | (4) |
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3.5 Coal preparation and firing |
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87 | (5) |
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3.6 Relation of process parameters with combustion |
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92 | (4) |
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3.7 Petcoke as a substitute fuel |
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96 | (5) |
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101 | (2) |
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101 | (2) |
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4 Alternative fuels and raw materials |
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103 | (38) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (3) |
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4.3 Feasibility of an AFR project |
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107 | (2) |
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4.4 Inventory and material characteristics |
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109 | (9) |
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4.5 Systematic quality assessment |
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118 | (3) |
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4.6 Co-processing of alternative fuels |
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121 | (3) |
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4.7 Systemic requirements for using alternative fuels |
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124 | (9) |
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4.8 Gasification technology |
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133 | (2) |
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4.9 Alternative raw materials |
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135 | (1) |
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4.10 Environmental aspects |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (3) |
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139 | (2) |
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5 Pyroprocessing and clinker cooling |
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141 | (34) |
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141 | (1) |
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5.2 Clinker formation process |
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141 | (5) |
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5.3 Preheater-precalciner systems |
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146 | (6) |
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152 | (3) |
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5.5 Kiln burners and combustion |
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155 | (2) |
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157 | (4) |
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5.7 Volatiles cycle in preheater-precalciner kiln systems |
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161 | (1) |
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5.8 Refractory lining materials in the kiln system |
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162 | (5) |
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5.9 Energy consumption and kiln emissions |
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167 | (2) |
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5.10 Kiln control strategies |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (4) |
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172 | (3) |
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6 Clinker grinding and cement making |
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175 | (38) |
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175 | (1) |
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6.2 Clinker characteristics |
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176 | (9) |
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6.3 Clinker grinding systems |
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185 | (15) |
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6.4 Energy conservation and material characteristics |
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200 | (5) |
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6.5 Grinding aids in cement manufacture |
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205 | (4) |
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6.6 Storage, dispatch, and bagging of cement |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
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7 Composition and properties of Portland cements |
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213 | (38) |
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213 | (1) |
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7.2 Basic grades and varieties |
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214 | (5) |
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7.3 Characteristics of Portland cements |
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219 | (6) |
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7.4 Phase-modified Portland cements |
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225 | (1) |
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7.5 Blended Portland cements |
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226 | (4) |
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7.6 Characterization of cements and practical implications of properties |
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230 | (5) |
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7.7 Overview of the hydration reactions |
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235 | (10) |
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7.8 Cement for durable concrete |
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245 | (3) |
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248 | (3) |
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249 | (2) |
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8 Advances in plant-based quality control practice |
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251 | (36) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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8.3 Sampling stations in cement plants |
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254 | (2) |
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8.4 Computer-aided run-of-mine limestone quality control |
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256 | (2) |
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8.5 Preblending operation |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (3) |
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8.7 Kiln operation monitoring |
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263 | (1) |
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8.8 Cement grinding process |
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264 | (1) |
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8.9 X-ray diffractometry for phase analysis |
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265 | (2) |
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8.10 Online quality control in cement plants |
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267 | (5) |
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272 | (8) |
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8.12 Process measurements |
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280 | (4) |
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8.13 Total process control system |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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9 Environmental mitigation and pollution control technologies |
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287 | (40) |
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287 | (1) |
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9.2 Pollutants emitted into the atmosphere during manufacture of cement |
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288 | (5) |
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9.3 Generation and broad characteristics of dust |
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293 | (20) |
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9.4 Sulfur dioxide emissions |
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313 | (2) |
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9.5 Nitrogen oxide emissions |
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315 | (4) |
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319 | (2) |
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9.7 Selected monitoring techniques |
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321 | (2) |
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9.8 Current environmental outlook |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (3) |
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325 | (2) |
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10 Trends of research and development in cement manufacture and application |
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327 | (44) |
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327 | (1) |
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10.2 Sustaining technologies in the growth of the cement industry |
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328 | (3) |
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10.3 Status of potentially disruptive pyroprocessing technologies |
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331 | (5) |
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10.4 Portland cement derivatives with niche application potential |
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336 | (16) |
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10.5 Complex building products formulation with CAC |
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352 | (2) |
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10.6 Research thrusts towards low-carbon cement industry |
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354 | (4) |
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10.7 Technology options for converting Co2 into fuel products |
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358 | (1) |
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10.8 Low-carbon cements and concretes |
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359 | (7) |
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10.9 Nanotechnology in cement research |
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366 | (1) |
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10.10 Non-hydraulic cements |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (3) |
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369 | (2) |
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11 Global and regional growth trends in cement production |
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371 | (22) |
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371 | (1) |
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11.2 Capacity and production growth perspectives |
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372 | (5) |
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11.3 National economy versus cement consumption |
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377 | (2) |
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11.4 Change drivers of production and application of cement |
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379 | (3) |
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11.5 Future design of cement plants |
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382 | (2) |
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11.6 Growth of the Indian cement industry: a case study |
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384 | (9) |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (4) |
| Index |
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397 | |