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Chemistry of Explosives 3rd revision of 3rd New edition [Pehme köide]

(Cranfield University, UK)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 194 pages, kõrgus x laius: 228x152 mm, kaal: 312 g, Not illustrated
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-10: 1849733309
  • ISBN-13: 9781849733304
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 194 pages, kõrgus x laius: 228x152 mm, kaal: 312 g, Not illustrated
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Jul-2011
  • Kirjastus: Royal Society of Chemistry
  • ISBN-10: 1849733309
  • ISBN-13: 9781849733304
Full revised and updated, this new edition outlines the basic principles needed to understand the mechanism of explosions by chemical explosives.


The third edition of this popular book has been fully revised and updated and outlines the basic principles needed to understand the mechanism of explosions by chemical explosives. The history, theory and chemical types of explosives are introduced, providing the reader with information on the physical parameters of primary and secondary explosives. Thermodynamics, enthalpy, free energy and gas equations are covered together with examples of calculations, leading to the power and temperature of explosions. The new generation of explosive compositions called Insensitive High Explosives (IHE) have been introduced in this third edition with details of their properties. The effect explosives have on the environment has also been introduced together with relevant legislations. The new edition contains information on polyphosphazenes, high nitrogen molecules and details on new explosives such as LLM-105, CL-20, FOX-7, FOX-12, and DADNE. More detailed information is also provided on safety and the EMTAP tests. The book will aid the understanding of the theory of hot spots and its relationship to detonation and provides details on the manufacturing process for explosive molecules containing nitro, nitrate esters and nitramines. This concise, readable book is ideal for 'A' level students and new graduates with no previous knowledge of explosive compositions. With detailed information on a vast range of explosives in tabular form and an extensive bibliography, this book will also be useful to anyone needing succinct information on the subject, such as the more experienced chemist in the explosives industry.

Arvustused

"""... an excellent book for 'A' level students and new graduates.""" """... this succinct introductory paperback manual on the chemistry, physics, and functioning of explosives is most welcome ... eminently readable ..."""

Muu info

1. Outlines the basic principles needed to understand the mechanism of explosions by chemical explosives including the history, theory and chemical types of explosives 2. Covers the effect of explosives on the environment, the impact of recent legislations and information on new high performance explosives 3. Aimed at 'A' level students and new graduates who have not previously studied explosives compositions but also for the more experienced chemist looking for concise information
Chapter 1 Introduction to Explosives
1(26)
Development of Blackpowder
1(1)
Development of Nitroglycerine
2(2)
Development of Mercury Fulminate
3(1)
Development of Nitrocellulose
4(1)
Development of Dynamite
5(1)
Development of Ammonium Nitrate
5(1)
Development of Commercial Explosives
6(2)
Development of Permitted Explosives
6(1)
Development of ANFO, Slurry, Emulsion and Blasting Explosives
7(1)
Development of Military Explosives
8(19)
Development of Picric Acid
8(1)
Development of Tetryl
9(1)
Development of TNT
10(1)
Development of Nitroguanidine
10(1)
Development of PETN
11(1)
Development of RDX and HMX
11(2)
Polymer Bonded Explosives
13(3)
Recent Developments
16(2)
Insensitive Munitions and Insensitive High Explosives
18(4)
Explosives and the Environment
22(5)
Chapter 2 Classification of Explosive Materials
27(33)
Explosions
27(2)
Atomic Explosions
27(1)
Physical Explosions
28(1)
Chemical Explosions
28(1)
Chemical Explosives
29(1)
Classification of Chemical Explosives
29(1)
Primary Explosives
30(2)
Secondary Explosives
32(1)
Propellants
33(1)
Chemical Data on Explosive Materials
34(24)
Primary Explosives
34(1)
Mercury Fulminate
34(1)
Lead Azide
35(1)
Lead Styphnate
36(1)
Silver Azide
37(1)
Tetrazene
37(1)
Secondary Explosives
38(1)
Nitroglycerine
38(1)
Nitrocellulose
39(2)
Picric Acid
41(1)
Tetryl
42(2)
TNT
44(2)
Nitroguanidine
46(1)
PETN
46(2)
RDX
48(1)
HMX
49(1)
TATB
50(1)
HNS
51(1)
NTO
52(1)
TNAZ
53(1)
CL-20
54(1)
Fox-12 (GUDN)
55(1)
DNAN
56(1)
FOX-7 (DADNE)
57(1)
LLM-105
58(1)
Other Compounds used in Explosive Compositions
58(2)
Chapter 3 Combustion, Deflagration and Detonation
60(14)
Combustion
60(1)
Physical and Chemical Aspects of Combustion
61(1)
Combustion of Explosives and Propellants
61(1)
Deflagration
61(3)
Detonation
64(8)
Burning to Detonation
64(1)
Shock to Detonation
64(2)
Propagation of the Detonation Shockwave
66(2)
Effect of Density on the Velocity of Detonation
68(2)
Effect of Diameter of the Explosive Composition on the Velocity of Detonation
70(1)
Effect of Explosive Material on the Velocity of Detonation
71(1)
Classification of Explosives
72(2)
Chapter 4 Ignition, Initiation and Thermal Decomposition
74(11)
Ignition
74(3)
Hotspots
75(1)
Mechanisms for the Formation of Hotspots
76(1)
Ignition by Impact and Friction
77(2)
Friction
77(1)
Impact
77(2)
Classification of Explosives
79(3)
Initiation Techniques
82(1)
Explosive Train
82(1)
Detonators
82(1)
Igniters
83(1)
Thermal Decomposition
83(2)
Chapter 5 Thermochemistry of Explosives
85(31)
Oxygen Balance
85(4)
Decomposition Reactions
89(4)
Kistiakowsky---Wilson Rules
89(1)
Modified Kistiakowsky-Wilson Rules
90(2)
Springall Roberts Rules
92(1)
Heats of Formation
93(2)
Heat of Explosion
95(5)
Effect of Oxygen Balance
99(1)
Volume of Gaseous Products of Explosion
100(2)
Explosive Power, Power Index and TNT Equivalence
102(1)
Temperature of Chemical Explosion
103(3)
Mixed Explosive Compositions
106(5)
Atomic Composition of the Explosive Mixture
107(1)
Oxygen Balance
107(2)
Decomposition Reaction
109(1)
Heat of Explosion
109(1)
Volume of Gaseous Products
110(1)
Energized Explosives
111(1)
Addition of Aluminium
112(1)
Force and Pressure of Explosion
112(4)
Chapter 6 Equilibria and Kinetics of Explosive Reactions
116(15)
Equilibria
116(8)
Products of Decomposition
117(1)
The Water---Gas Equilibrium
118(1)
Heat of Explosion
119(4)
Temperature of Explosion
123(1)
Kinetics of Explosive Reactions
124(3)
Activation Energy
124(1)
Rate of Reaction
125(1)
Kinetics of Thermal Decomposition
126(1)
Measurement of Kinetic Parameters
127(4)
Differential Thermal Analysis
128(1)
Thermogravimetric Analysis
129(1)
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
129(2)
Chapter 7 Manufacture of Explosives
131(31)
Nitration
131(1)
C-Nitration
131(7)
Picric Acid
131(2)
Tetryl
133(1)
TNT (2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene)
134(1)
TATB (1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene)
135(1)
HNS (Hexanitrostilbene)
136(2)
O-Nitration
138(5)
Nitroglycerine
138(1)
Nitrocellulose
139(2)
PETN (Pentaerythritol tetranitrate)
141(2)
N-Nitration
143(8)
RDX (Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine)
143(5)
HMX (Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine)
148(1)
Nitroguanidine
148(2)
Ammonium Nitrate
150(1)
Primary Explosives
151(3)
Lead Azide
151(1)
Mercury Fulminate
151(1)
Tetrazene
152(2)
Commercial Explosive Compositions
154(2)
Ammonium Nitrate
154(1)
Ammonium Nitrate Slurries
154(1)
Ammonium Nitrate Emulsion Slurries
155(1)
Dynamite
155(1)
Military Explosive Compositions
156(6)
Casting
156(1)
Pressing
157(3)
Ram and Screw Extrusion
160(2)
Chapter 8 Introduction to Propellants and Pyrotechnics
162(16)
Introduction to Propellants
162(1)
Gun Propellants
162(5)
Performance
162(1)
Composition
163(1)
Single-base Propellants
164(1)
Double-base Propellants
165(1)
Triple-base Propellants
165(1)
Propellant Additives
165(1)
High Energy Propellants
165(1)
Liquid Propellants
166(1)
Composite Propellants
167(1)
Rocket Propellants
167(3)
Performance
167(1)
Composition
168(1)
Double-base Propellants
168(1)
Composite Propellants
168(1)
Liquid Propellants
169(1)
Gas-generating Propellants
170(1)
Introduction to Pyrotechnics
171(1)
Heat-producing Pyrotechnics
171(2)
Primers and First Fires
171(2)
Heat-generating Devices
173(1)
Delay Compositions
173(1)
Smoke-generating Compositions
174(1)
Light-generating Compositions
175(1)
Coloured Light
175(1)
White Light
176(1)
Noise-generating Pyrotechnics
176(2)
Bang
176(1)
Whistle
177(1)
Bibliography 178(3)
Subject Index 181
Professor Jacqueline Akhavan joined the academic staff at Cranfield University in 1987 after graduating from Southampton University with a PhD in polymer chemistry. In the early 1990s she was invited as a visiting research scientist to Akron University in Ohio to develop high energy rocket propellant for Norton Thiokol. In 2001 she was appointed Associate Dean of Undergraduate Studies and in 2007 she was awarded a personal chair in explosive chemistry. Professor Akhavan is Head of the Centre for Defence Chemistry and is also leading the Synthesis and Formulations Group. Her main research activity is in the development of PBXs for insensitive munitions which contain inert and energetic polymers. Professor Akhavan is a Fellow of The Royal Society of Chemistry and a Chartered Chemist.