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3 | (18) |
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3 | (1) |
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Significant Figures and Mathematical Operations |
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4 | (2) |
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Scientific Notation and Exponents |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (2) |
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11 | (6) |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (12) |
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Measurements in Chemistry |
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21 | (1) |
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Measurement of Mass, Length, and Time |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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Density and Specific Gravity |
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25 | (2) |
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Dimensional Analysis and Conversion Factors |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (3) |
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Atomic Structure and Isotopes |
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33 | (8) |
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33 | (1) |
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The Structure of the Atom |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (2) |
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Formula and Molecular Mass |
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41 | (4) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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Measuring Chemical Quantities: the Mole |
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45 | (8) |
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The Mole and Avogadro's Number |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Calculating the Number of Moles |
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45 | (5) |
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50 | (3) |
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Formulas of Compounds and Percent Composition |
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53 | (14) |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (5) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (4) |
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Chemical Formulas and Nomenclature |
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67 | (14) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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Writing the Formulas of Compounds |
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71 | (2) |
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Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds |
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73 | (4) |
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77 | (4) |
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81 | (8) |
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Writing Chemical Equations |
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81 | (1) |
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Balancing Chemical Equations |
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81 | (3) |
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Types of Chemical Reactions |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (3) |
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89 | (16) |
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89 | (1) |
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Information from a Balanced Equation |
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89 | (1) |
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Types of Stoichiometric Problems |
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89 | (8) |
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97 | (1) |
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Reaction Yields: Theoretical, Actual, and Percent Yields |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (5) |
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105 | (18) |
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Electronic Structure of the Atom |
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105 | (1) |
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Electromagnetic Radiation |
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105 | (2) |
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The Nature of Matter and Quantum Theory |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (3) |
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The Quantum-Mechanical Description of the Hydrogen Atom |
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111 | (2) |
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Quantum Mechanics and Atomic Orbitals |
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113 | (4) |
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Electronic Configuration of Multielectron Atoms |
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117 | (3) |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (24) |
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Standard Temperature and Pressure |
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123 | (1) |
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Boyle's Law: Pressure vs. Volume |
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123 | (1) |
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Charles's Law: Temperature vs. Volume |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (2) |
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Gay-Lussac's Law and Reactions Involving Gases |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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Density and Molecular Mass of a Gas |
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132 | (2) |
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Molar Volume of an Ideal Gas |
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134 | (2) |
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures |
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136 | (1) |
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Partial Pressure and Mole Fraction |
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137 | (2) |
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Real Gases and Deviation from the Gas Laws |
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139 | (2) |
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Graham's Law of Diffusion |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (4) |
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147 | (30) |
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147 | (1) |
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Polar Covalent Bonds and Dipole Moment |
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147 | (2) |
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Vapor Pressure and the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation |
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149 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (4) |
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Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions |
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157 | (7) |
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164 | (2) |
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Radius Ratio Rule for Ionic Compounds |
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166 | (5) |
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Determination of Crystal Structure by X-ray Diffraction |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (3) |
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177 | (22) |
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177 | (1) |
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Concentration of Solutions |
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178 | (9) |
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Solving Solubility Problems |
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187 | (3) |
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Effect of Temperature on Solubility |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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Effect of Pressure on Solubility |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (5) |
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199 | (16) |
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199 | (1) |
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Applications of Titration |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Calculations Involving Acid-Base Titration |
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200 | (7) |
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207 | (6) |
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213 | (2) |
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Ideal Solutions and Colligative Properties |
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215 | (14) |
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215 | (1) |
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Vapor Pressure and Raoult's Law |
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215 | (4) |
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Elevation of Boiling Point |
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219 | (2) |
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Depression of Freezing Point |
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221 | (2) |
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Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure |
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223 | (3) |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (28) |
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229 | (1) |
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Measurement of Reaction Rates |
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229 | (5) |
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Reaction Rates and Stoichiometry |
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234 | (1) |
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Collision Theory of Reaction Rates |
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235 | (1) |
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Rate Laws and the Order of Reactions |
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236 | (1) |
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Experimental Determination of Rate Law Using Initial Rates |
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237 | (4) |
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The Integrated Rate Equation |
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241 | (7) |
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248 | (1) |
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Reaction Rates and Temperature: The Arrhenius Equation |
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249 | (3) |
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252 | (5) |
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257 | (24) |
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Reversible and Irreversible Reactions |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (4) |
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262 | (1) |
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Predicting the Direction of Reaction |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Equilibria |
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263 | (1) |
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Calculating Equilibrium Constants |
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264 | (3) |
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Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations from K |
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267 | (5) |
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Qualitative Treatment of Equilibrium: LeChatelier's Principle |
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272 | (5) |
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277 | (4) |
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281 | (42) |
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281 | (1) |
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Definition of Acidity and Basicity |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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The Acid Ionization Constant, Ka |
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285 | (1) |
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Calculating pH and Equilibrium Concentrations in Solutions of Weak Acids |
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286 | (2) |
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Percent Dissociation of Weak Acids |
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288 | (3) |
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The Base Dissociation Constant, Kb |
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291 | (2) |
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Relationship Between Ka and Kb |
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293 | (1) |
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Salt Hydrolysis: Acid-Base Properties of Salts |
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294 | (4) |
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298 | (2) |
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Buffers and pH of Buffer Solutions |
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300 | (5) |
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Polyprotic Acids and Bases |
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305 | (4) |
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309 | (3) |
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312 | (5) |
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317 | (6) |
|
Solubility and Complex-Ion Equilibria |
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323 | (14) |
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323 | (1) |
|
The Solubility Product Principle |
|
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323 | (1) |
|
Determining Ksp from Molar Solubility |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
Calculating Molar Solubility from Ksp |
|
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326 | (2) |
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328 | (3) |
|
Complex-Ion Equilibria and Formation of Complex Ions |
|
|
331 | (3) |
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334 | (3) |
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337 | (18) |
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|
|
337 | (1) |
|
Calorimetry and Heat Capacity |
|
|
337 | (2) |
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339 | (4) |
|
Hess's Law of Heat Summation |
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
Bond Energies and Enthalpy |
|
|
345 | (3) |
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348 | (7) |
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355 | (24) |
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355 | (1) |
|
The First Law of Thermodynamics |
|
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (3) |
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359 | (1) |
|
The Second Law of Thermodynamics |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Calculation of Entropy Changes in Chemical Reactions |
|
|
360 | (4) |
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364 | (1) |
|
The Standard Free Energy Change |
|
|
364 | (3) |
|
Enthalpy and Entropy Changes During a Phase Change |
|
|
367 | (2) |
|
Free Energy and the Equilibrium Constant |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
Variation of ΔG and Equilibrium Constant with Temperature |
|
|
371 | (3) |
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|
374 | (5) |
|
Oxidation and Reduction Reactions |
|
|
379 | (28) |
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|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Oxidation and Reduction in Terms of Electron Transfer |
|
|
379 | (1) |
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|
|
380 | (3) |
|
Oxidation and Reduction in Terms of Oxidation Number |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Disproportionation Reactions |
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Oxidizing and Reducing Agents |
|
|
384 | (1) |
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|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Balancing Redox Equations |
|
|
386 | (10) |
|
Oxidation-Reduction Titration |
|
|
396 | (5) |
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|
|
401 | (6) |
|
Fundamentals of Electrochemistry |
|
|
407 | (26) |
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Standard Electrode Potential |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
The Electrochemical Series |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
Applications of Electrode Potential |
|
|
411 | (1) |
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|
|
411 | (2) |
|
Calculating E0cell from Electrode Potential |
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
The Standard Electrode Potential, the Gibbs Free Energy, and the Equilibrium Constant |
|
|
415 | (3) |
|
Dependence of Cell Potential on Concentration (the Nernst Equation) |
|
|
418 | (3) |
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis |
|
|
422 | (5) |
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|
|
427 | (6) |
|
Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions |
|
|
433 | (18) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Radioactive Decay and Nuclear Equations |
|
|
433 | (3) |
|
|
|
436 | (2) |
|
Rates of Radioactive Decay and Half-Life |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
Energy of Nuclear Reactions |
|
|
440 | (6) |
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|
|
446 | (5) |
| Solutions |
|
451 | (30) |
| Index |
|
481 | |
