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Chemistry and Technology of Isocyanates [Kõva köide]

(Chemical Consultant, Guilford, Connecticut)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 504 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 237x158x35 mm, kaal: 851 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Aug-1996
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0471963712
  • ISBN-13: 9780471963714
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Chemistry and Technology of IsocyanatesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 504 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 237x158x35 mm, kaal: 851 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Aug-1996
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0471963712
  • ISBN-13: 9780471963714
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780471963714.html
Märksõnad:
A reference for researchers and technicians in biochemistry and organic and polymer chemistry to the synthesis, reactions, and industrial importance of the esters of isocyanic acid, the basis of polyurethanes used in products ranging from foams for seating and insulation to coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers. Primarily reviews the technical literature of the 1980s and 1990s, but also includes older material when necessary. The monoisocyanates are subdivided into alkyl and aryl, unsaturated, halogenated alkyl and aryl, carbonyl, thiorcarbonyl and imidoyl, sulfur, phosphorus and inorganic isocyanates. The diisocyanates discussed are aliphatic and aromatic. The section on environmental considerations discusses toxicology, safe handling, combustibility, recycling, and alternatives to the outlawed chlorofluorocarbon blowing agents. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

Chemistry and Technology of Isocyanates is a comprehensive book on isocyanate chemistry and technology. It highlights the industrial applications of diisocyanates in the manufacture of flexible and rigid foams, elastomers, coatings and adhesives; discusses ionomers used in water-based coatings, polymer networks and biomedical polymers; and reviews current and future environmental issues, including toxicity and safe handling of isocyanates, recycling of isocyanate derived polymers and monomers derived from natural products.
Preface xi(2)
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Monoisocyanates
1(314)
1.1 Alkyl and Aryl Isocyanates
1(148)
1.1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.1.2 Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Isocyanates
3(1)
1.1.2.1 Synthesis by Phosgenation Reactions
3(8)
1.1.2.2 Formation of Alkyl and Aryl Isocyanates via Nitrene Intermediates
11(8)
1.1.2.3 Formation of Alkyl and Aryl Isocyanates by Thermal Processes
19(7)
1.1.2.4 Rearrangements of Nitrile Oxides and Cyanates
26(1)
1.1.2.5 Reactions of Organic Halides with Salts of Cyanic Acid
27(1)
1.1.2.6 Reactions of Olefins and Aldehydes with Isocyanic Acid
28(1)
1.1.2.7 Isocyanates from Other Heterocumulenes
29(1)
1.1.2.8 From Imines and Phosphineimines
30(1)
1.1.2.9 Miscellaneous Synthetic Methods
31(5)
1.1.3 References
36(6)
1.1.4 Reactions of Alkyl and Aryl Isocyanates
42(1)
1.1.4.1 Introduction
42(3)
1.1.4.2 Oligomerization and Polymerization
45(9)
1.1.4.3 Cycloaddition Reactions
54(44)
1.1.4.4 Nucleophilic Reactions
98(8)
1.1.4.5 Insertion Reactions
106(18)
1.1.4.6 Miscellaneous Reactions
124(9)
1.1.5 References
133(16)
1.2 Unsaturated Isocyanates
149(14)
1.2.1 Introduction
149(1)
1.2.2 Synthesis of Unsaturated Isocyanates
149(1)
1.2.2.1 Elimination of Hydrogen Halide from Halogenated Isocyanates
149(1)
1.2.2.2 Synthesis via Nitrene Intermediates
150(2)
1.2.2.3 From Amines, Imines or Nitriles and Phosgene
152(2)
1.2.2.4 Miscellaneous Synthetic Methods
154(3)
1.2.3 Reactions of Unsaturated Isocyanates
157(1)
1.2.3.1 Homopolymerization
157(1)
1.2.3.2 Copolymerization
157(1)
1.2.3.3 Nucleophilic Reactions
157(1)
1.2.3.4 Cycloaddition Reactions
157(3)
1.2.3.5 Miscellaneous Reactions
160(1)
1.2.4 References
161(2)
1.3 Halogenated Alkyl and Aryl Isocyanates
163(34)
1.3.1 Introduction
163(1)
1.3.2 Synthesis of Halogenated Alkyl and Aryl Isocyanates
163(1)
1.3.2.1 Halogenation of Alkyl and Aryl Isocyanates
163(4)
1.3.2.2 Halogenation of Acyl and Thioacyl Isocyanates
167(1)
1.3.2.3 Addition of Halogen to Unsaturated Isocyanates
168(1)
1.3.2.4 Reaction of Amines, Imines and Nitriles with Phosgene and Analogues
168(4)
1.3.2.5 Synthesis of Halogenated Isocyanates via Nitrene Intermediates
172(2)
1.3.2.6 Miscellaneous Synthetic Methods
174(5)
1.3.3 Reactions of Halogenated Isocyanates
179(1)
1.3.3.1 Nucleophilic Reactions
179(9)
1.3.3.2 Elimination of Hydrogen Halides and Acids
188(1)
1.3.3.3 Exchange Reactions with Silylated Heterocumulenes
188(1)
1.3.3.4 Reactions with Oxiranes and Aziridines
188(1)
1.3.3.5 Reactions with Multiple Bond Systems
189(1)
1.3.3.6 Cycloaddition Reactions
190(1)
1.3.3.7 Insertion Reactions
190(1)
1.3.3.8 Miscellaneous Reactions
190(2)
1.3.4 References
192(5)
1.4 Carbonyl, Thiocarbonyl and Imidoyl Isocyanates
197(44)
1.4.1 Introduction
197(1)
1.4.2 Synthesis
197(1)
1.4.2.1 Synthesis of Carbonyl Isocyanates
197(15)
1.4.2.2 Synthesis of Thiocarbonyl Isocyanates
212(1)
1.4.2.3 Synthesis of Imidoyl Isocyanates
213(3)
1.4.3 Reactions
216(1)
1.4.3.1 Reactions of Carbonyl Isocyanates
216(5)
1.4.3.2 Reactions of Thiocarbonyl Isocyanates
231(4)
1.4.3.3 Reactions of Imidoyl Isocyanates
235(1)
1.4.4 References
235(6)
1.5 Sulfur Isocyanates
241(38)
1.5.1 Introduction
241(1)
1.5.2 Synthesis
241(1)
1.5.2.1 Synthesis of Divalent Sulfur Isocyanates
241(1)
1.5.2.2 Synthesis of Tetravalent Sulfur Isocyanates
242(1)
1.5.2.3 Synthesis of Hexavalent Sulfur Isocyanates
242(6)
1.5.3 Reactions of Sulfur Isocyanates
248(1)
1.5.3.1 Nucleophilic Reactions
248(4)
1.5.3.2 Cycloaddition Reactions
252(17)
1.5.3.3 Miscellaneous Reactions
269(5)
1.5.4 References
274(5)
1.6 Phosphorus Isocyanates
279(11)
1.6.1 Introduction
279(1)
1.6.2 Synthesis of Phosphorus Isocyanates
280(1)
1.6.2.1 From Phosphorus Halides and Cyanic Acid and Its Salts
280(1)
1.6.2.2 From Carbamates
281(1)
1.6.2.3 From Phosphoryl Amides and Oxalyl Chloride
282(1)
1.6.2.4 Miscellaneous Synthetic Methods
282(2)
1.6.3 Reactions of Phosphorus Isocyanates
284(1)
1.6.3.1 Reaction with--OH Compounds
284(1)
1.6.3.2 Reaction with Amines and Hydrazines
284(1)
1.6.3.3 Cycloaddition Reactions
284(2)
1.6.3.4 Miscellaneous Reactions
286(1)
1.6.4 References
287(3)
1.7 Inorganic Isocyanates
290(13)
1.7.1 Introduction
290(1)
1.7.2 Synthesis of Inorganic Isocyanates
290(1)
1.7.2.1 Main Group IIIa Isocyanates
290(1)
1.7.2.2 Main Group IVa Isocyanates
291(2)
1.7.2.3 Main Group Va Isocyanates
293(3)
1.7.2.4 Main Group VIa Isocyanates
296(1)
1.7.2.5 Main Group VIIa Isocyanates
297(1)
1.7.2.6 Liganded Transition Metal Isocyanates
297(2)
1.7.3 Reactions of Inorganic Isocyanates
299(1)
1.7.4 References
300(3)
1.8 Applications of Monoisocyanates
303(12)
1.8.1 Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Products
303(2)
1.8.2 Monoisocyanates in Polymer Modification
305(3)
1.8.3 As Reagents in Organic Synthesis
308(3)
1.8.4 Miscellaneous Applications
311(1)
1.8.5 References
312(3)
2 Diisocyanates
315(154)
2.1 Aliphatic Diisocyanates
315(53)
2.1.1 Introduction
315(13)
2.1.2 Synthesis of Aliphatic Diisocyanates
328(1)
2.1.2.1 Phosgenation of Amines
328(5)
2.1.2.2 Nonphosgene Processes
333(1)
2.1.2.3 Formation via Nitrene Intermediates
334(3)
2.1.2.4 From Olefins and Isocyanic Acid or Ethyl Carbamate
337(1)
2.1.2.5 From Organic Dihalides and Salts of Isocyanic Acid
338(1)
2.1.2.6 Miscellaneous Synthetic Methods
338(4)
2.1.3 Manufacture of Major Aliphatic Diisocyanates
342(1)
2.1.3.1 Hexamethylene Diisocyanate (HDI)
342(1)
2.1.3.2 Isophorone (IPDI) and Trimethylhexamethylene Diisocyanates (TMHDI)
343(1)
2.1.3.3 HMDI
344(1)
2.1.3.4 trans-Cyclohexane Diisocyanate (CHDI)
345(1)
2.1.3.5 Tetramethylxylylene Diisocyanate (TMXDI)
346(1)
2.1.4 Reactions of Aliphatic Diisocyanates
347(1)
2.1.4.1 Homopolymerization
347(1)
2.1.4.2 Copolymerization
348(1)
2.1.4.3 Addition Polymerization
349(1)
2.1.4.4 Condensation Polymerization
350(1)
2.1.4.5 Other Reactions of Aliphatic Diisocyanates
351(5)
2.1.5 Applications of Aliphatic Diisocyanates
356(1)
2.1.5.1 Polyurethanes
356(5)
2.1.6 References
361(7)
2.2 Aromatic Diisocyanates
368(101)
2.2.1 Introduction
368(4)
2.2.2 Synthesis
372(1)
2.2.2.1 Phosgenation of Amines
372(3)
2.2.2.2 Nonphosgene Processes
375(4)
2.2.2.3 Aromatic Diisocyanates via Nitrene Intermediates
379(1)
2.2.2.4 Aromatic Diisocyanates by Coupling of Monoisocyanates or Isocyanate Precursors
380(4)
2.2.2.5 Miscellaneous Syntheses of Aromatic Diisocyanates
384(1)
2.2.3 Manufacture of Aromatic Diisocyanates
385(1)
2.2.3.1 MDI and Polymeric Isocyanates (PMDI)
385(7)
2.2.3.2 Tolylene Diisocyanate (TDI)
392(2)
2.2.3.3 p-Phenylene Diisocyanate (PPDI)
394(1)
2.2.3.4 Naphthalene Diisocyanate (NDI)
394(1)
2.2.4 Reactions of Aromatic Diisocyanates
395(1)
2.2.4.1 Homopolymerization Reactions
395(1)
2.2.4.2 Copolymerization Reactions
395(1)
2.2.4.3 Cyclopolymerization Reactions
395(1)
2.2.4.4 Addition Polymerization Reactions
396(14)
2.2.4.5 Condensation Polymerization Reactions
410(6)
2.2.4.6 Other Reactions of Aromatic Diisocyanates
416(10)
2.2.5 Applications of Aromatic Diisocyanates
426(1)
2.2.5.1 Polyurethanes
426(20)
2.2.5.2 Poly(urethane ureas) and Polyureas
446(4)
2.2.5.3 Poly(urethane isocyanurates)
450(2)
2.2.5.4 Binder Resins
452(3)
2.2.5.5 Polyamides
455(1)
2.2.5.6 Poly(amide imides) and Polyimides
456(1)
2.2.6 References
456(3)
3 Environmental Considerations
469(14)
3.1 Toxicity
469(4)
3.1.1 Toxicity of Isocyanates
469(3)
3.1.2 Toxicity of Chemicals Used in Isocyanate Manufacture
472(1)
3.1.3 Toxicity of Isocyanate Derived Products
472(1)
3.2 Safety Aspects
473(2)
3.2.1 Storage and Handling of Isocyanates
473(1)
3.2.2 Safety of Isocyanate Production
474(1)
3.2.3 Fire Safety of Isocyanate Derived Products
475(1)
3.3 Environmental Impact
475(3)
3.3.1 Disposal of By-products in Isocyanate Manufacture
475(1)
3.3.2 Disposal of Isocyanate Derived Products
476(1)
3.3.3 Replacement of CFCs in Cellular Products
477(1)
3.4 Isocyanates and Polyurethane Chemicals based on Renewable Resources
478(1)
3.4.1 Isocyanates based on Renewable Resources
478(1)
3.4.2 Polyols based on Renewable Resources
479(1)
3.5 A World without Isocyanates
479(2)
3.6 References
481(2)
Index 483
Dr. Henri Ulrich is an expert in heterocumulene chemistry in general, in particular dealing with isocyanates and carbodiimides. He is also known for his important contributions to polymer chemistry, in particular from an industrial point of view. Coming from industry, his work is focused on synthetic chemistry and practical applications rather than theoretical considerations.