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Chitosan: Derivatives, Composites and Applications [Kõva köide]

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  • Formaat: Hardback, 516 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 152x227x14 mm, kaal: 532 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • ISBN-10: 1119363500
  • ISBN-13: 9781119363507
Teised raamatud teemal:
Chitosan: Derivatives, Composites and ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 516 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 152x227x14 mm, kaal: 532 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Aug-2017
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Scrivener
  • ISBN-10: 1119363500
  • ISBN-13: 9781119363507
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781119363507.html
Märksõnad:
Unique book presenting the latest advancements and applications of chitosan-based hydrogels and composite materials in biotechnology, environmental studies, food, medicine, water treatments, drug delivery.

This book delves deeply in to the preparation, characterization and multiple applications of chitin and chitosan. The 17 chapters written by leading experts is an excellent reference source and state-of-the-art review for researchers and scientists using chitosan or biopolymers in their respective areas.

This book is divided into following sections:





Production and derivatives of chitosan Chitosan in the textile and food industries Chitosan in biomedical applications Chitosan in agriculture and water treatment

The book is practical and readers will be able to see descriptions of chitosan production methods as well as techniques that can be used to estimate and modify their physical and chemical properties. It provides a full description not only of the traditional and recent developments in the applications of chitosan in the fields of biotechnology, environmental studies, food, medicine, water treatments, drug delivery, but it includes all of the therapeutic usages as well.
Preface xvii
Section I: Production and Derivatives of Chitosan
1 Chitin and Chitosan: History, Composition and Properties
3(22)
Annu
Shakeel Ahmed
Saiqa Ikram
1.1 Chitin
4(7)
1.1.1 History
4(1)
1.1.2 Sources of Chitin
4(1)
1.1.2.1 Terrestrial Organisms
4(1)
1.1.2.2 Marine or Aquatic Organisms
5(1)
1.1.2.3 Microorganisms (e.g., Fungi or Mushroom)
5(1)
1.1.3 Extraction of Chitin
6(1)
1.1.3.1 Demineralization
7(1)
1.1.3.2 Deproteination
7(1)
1.1.3.3 Decolorization
8(1)
1.1.4 Structure and Composition
8(2)
1.1.5 Properties of Chitin
10(1)
1.1.5.1 Solubility, Reactivity, and Viscosity
10(1)
1.1.5.2 Miscellaneous Properties
11(1)
1.2 Chitosan
11(10)
1.2.1 History
11(1)
1.2.2 Sources and Extraction
12(1)
1.2.2.1 Deacetylation of Chitin by Chemical Method
12(1)
1.2.2.2 Deacetylation of Chitin by Enzymatic Method
13(1)
1.2.2.3 Deacetylation of Chitin by Microwave Assisted Method
14(1)
1.2.3 Structure and Composition
14(1)
1.2.4 Properties
15(1)
1.2.4.1 Physical Properties
15(1)
1.2.4.2 Chemical Properties
18(1)
1.2.4.3 Miscellaneous Properties
20(1)
1.3 Conclusion
21(1)
References
21(4)
2 Nitrogenated Polysaccharides-Chitin and Chitosan, Characterization and Application
25(46)
Michael Ioelovich
2.1 Introduction
26(1)
2.2 Extraction of Nitrogenated Polysaccharides from Natural Sources
27(1)
2.3 Research Methods of Nitrogenated Polysaccharides
28(19)
2.3.1 X-Ray Diffraction
29(7)
2.3.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
36(1)
2.3.3 FTIR Spectroscopy
37(2)
2.3.4 Calorimetry
39(1)
2.3.5 Sorption
40(2)
2.3.6 Electron Microscopy
42(1)
2.3.7 Atomic Force Microscopy
43(1)
2.3.8 Laser Light Scattering
44(1)
2.3.9 Thermoanalytical Methods
45(1)
2.3.10 Viscometry
46(1)
2.3.11 Composition Assay Methods
46(1)
2.4 Characterization of Nitrogenated Polysaccharides
47(7)
2.4.1 Chitin
47(5)
2.4.2 Chitosan
52(2)
2.5 Properties of Nitrogenated Polysaccharides
54(4)
2.6 Applications
58(2)
2.7 Conclusion
60(1)
References
61(10)
3 Enzymes for Production of Chitin, Chitosan, and Chitooligosaccharide and Determination of Activities of Enzymes Using Chitinous Substrates
71(18)
Sai Pyae Sone Aung
Wint Le Nu
Khin Chaw Win
Htun Inzali
Hla Ngwe
Nitar Nwe
3.1 Introduction
72(2)
3.2 Fermentation Methods for Production of Enzymes
74(1)
3.3 Methods for Purification of Enzymes
74(4)
3.4 Storage Conditions of Enzyme
78(1)
3.5 Commercial Enzymes
78(1)
3.6 Determinations of Enzyme Activities Using Chitinous Materials
78(7)
3.7 Conclusion
85(1)
Acknowledgement
85(1)
References
85(4)
4 Production of Chitin, Chitosan, and Chitooligosaccharide from Shrimp and Crab Shells Using Green Technology and Applications of Their Composite Materials
89(26)
Wint Le Nu
Khin Chaw Win
Sai Pyae Sone Aung
Htun Inzali
Tetsuya Furuike
Hiroshi Tamura
Nitar Nwe
4.1 Introduction
90(2)
4.2 Microorganisms for Production of Chitin and Chitosan Using Green Technology
92(1)
4.3 Production of Chitin Using Microorganisms
93(1)
4.4 Production of Chitosan from Chitin Using Chitin Deacetylase from Microorganisms
94(4)
4.5 Production of Crude Chitooligosaccharide from Shrimp and Crab Shells Using Fermentation Technology
98(3)
4.6 Applications of Chitin, Chitosan, Chitooligosaccharides and Their Composite Materials
101(1)
4.7 Conclusion
102(5)
Acknowledgement
107(1)
References
107(8)
5 Chitosan and Its Derivatives: Overview of Commercial Applications in Diverse Fields
115(36)
Tanvir Arfin
5.1 History
115(1)
5.2 Synthesis of Chitosan
116(1)
5.3 General Properties
117(1)
5.4 Biological Properties
117(1)
5.5 Physicochemical Aspects
118(1)
5.6 Molecular Weight
118(1)
5.7 Stability
118(1)
5.8 Fabrication
119(1)
5.8.1 Mild Acidic Conditions
119(1)
5.8.1 Other Acidic Conditions
120(1)
5.9 Self-Assembly
120(1)
5.9.1 Molecular Design
120(1)
5.9.2 Self-Assembly Mechanism
121(1)
5.10 Strategies Self-Assembly
121(1)
5.10.1 Solution Self-Assembly
121(1)
5.10.1 Template Self-Assembly
121(1)
5.11 Chief Significance
122(1)
5.12 Various Forms
122(1)
5.13 Chemical Modification
122(1)
5.14 Technologic Features for Medicinal Utilization
122(1)
5.15 Synthetic Procedure of Chitosan Nanoparticles
123(1)
5.16 Modified Chitosan
123(1)
5.17 Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMC)
123(1)
5.18 Michael Reaction
124(1)
5.19 Antioxidant
124(2)
5.20 Antibacterial Properties
126(1)
5.21 Antimicrobial Activity
126(3)
5.22 Antiviral Activity
129(1)
5.23 Biological Adhesive
129(1)
5.23.1 Photo-Cross-Linkable Chitosan
129(1)
5.24 Bonding Purposes
130(1)
5.25 Biodegradation
130(1)
5.26 Parameter Moving Transfection Competence
131(1)
5.27 Conjugation
131(1)
5.28 Functionalization of Chitosan
131(1)
5.29 Schiff's Base Formation
131(3)
5.30 Reductive Amination
134(1)
5.31 Chitosan-Proteins Interaction
134(1)
5.32 Absorption Enhancer
135(1)
5.33 Chitosan-Starch Blends
135(1)
5.34 Application in Various Fields
135(11)
5.34.1 Administration Routes
135(1)
5.34.2 Drug Delivery
136(1)
5.34.3 Oral Route
136(1)
5.34.4 Nasal Route
136(1)
5.34.5 Cancer
137(1)
5.34.6 Neurosurgeries
137(1)
5.34.7 Skin Repair
137(1)
5.34.8 Gene Delivery
137(2)
5.34.9 Gastric Ulcers
139(1)
5.34.10 Wound Dressing
139(1)
5.34.11 Dye Adsorption
140(1)
5.34.12 Biosensors
140(1)
5.34.13 Electrochemical Sensor
141(1)
5.34.14 Enzymatic Assembly
141(1)
5.34.15 Electrochemical Enzyme Immobilization
142(1)
5.34.16 Plasma Treatment in Textile
143(1)
5.34.17 Fiber Technology
144(1)
5.34.18 Viral Infections
144(1)
5.34.18.1 In Plants
144(1)
5.34.18.2 In Animals
145(1)
5.34.19 Seafood Industry
145(1)
5.34.20 Wastewater Treatment
145(1)
5.35 Conclusion
146(1)
References
146(5)
6 Chitin and Chitosan-Complexes and Their Applications
151(16)
Suresh Kumar Arya
Murli Manohar
Guishan Singh
Waseem Ahmad Siddiqui
6.1 Introduction
152(1)
6.2 Synthesis of Chitosan from Chitin
153(1)
6.3 Different Properties of Chitosan
154(2)
6.3.1 Chemical Properties of Chitosan
154(1)
6.3.2 Biological Properties of Chitosan
155(1)
6.4 Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Chitosan
156(1)
6.5 Complexes of Polyelectrolyte between Chitosan and Naturally Occurring Polymers
157(2)
6.5.1 Chitosan-Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complex
157(1)
6.5.2 Chitosan-Carrageenan Polyelectrolyte Complex
158(1)
6.5.3 Chitosan-Pectin Polyelectrolyte Complex
158(1)
6.5.4 Chitosan-Xanthan Gum Polyelectrolyte Complex
159(1)
6.5.5 Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid Polyelectrolyte Complex
159(1)
6.6 Various Useful and Important Applications of Chitosan
159(3)
6.6.1 Chitosan Application in Agriculture
160(1)
6.6.2 Application of Chitosan in Wastewater and Contaminated Water Treatment
160(1)
6.6.3 Chitosan Use in Food Industries
161(1)
6.6.4 Chitosan and Biomedical Applications
161(1)
6.7 Conclusion
162(1)
Acknowledgement
162(1)
References
162(5)
7 Enzymes from Genetically Modified Microorganisms for Production of Chitin, Chitosan, and Chitooligosaccharide
167(18)
Htun Inzali
Sai Pyae Sone Aung
Khin Chaw Win
Wint Le Nu
Hla Ngwe
Nitar Nwe
7.1 Introduction
168(1)
7.2 Enzymes for Production of Chitin/Chitosan, and Chitooligosaccharide
169(1)
7.3 Enzyme and DNA Technology for Production of Chitin, Chitosan, and CTO
169(3)
7.4 Determinations of Enzyme Activities Using Chitinous Materials
172(4)
7.5 Conclusion
176(3)
References
179(6)
Section II: Chitosan in Textile and Food Industry
8 Chitosan Applications for the Food Industry
185(48)
Tom J. Gutierrez
8.1 Introduction
185(2)
8.2 Biological Activities of Chitosan and Its Derivatives
187(6)
8.2.1 Antioxidant Properties
187(3)
8.2.2 Antioxidant Properties of Native Chitosan and Its Oligomers
190(1)
8.2.3 Antioxidant Properties of Modified Chitosan
190(1)
8.2.4 In Vivo Studies of the Antioxidant Properties of Chitosan
191(1)
8.2.5 Lipid-Lowering Effects
192(1)
8.2.6 Other Biological Activities
193(1)
8.3 Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Food Applications
193(20)
8.3.1 Antimicrobial Applications
193(1)
8.3.1.1 Antimicrobial Activity of Modified Chitosan
196(4)
8.3.2 Chitosan-Based Emulsions for Food Quality Preservation
200(1)
8.3.3 Edible Film/Coating and Food Packaging Applications
201(2)
8.3.4 Encapsulation and Nutrient Delivery Applications
203(1)
8.3.4.1 Chitosan-Based Delivery Systems for Food Applications
203(1)
8.3.4.2 Nano/Micro-Particles
204(1)
8.3.4.3 Hydrogel Beads
208(1)
8.3.4.4 The Encapsulation and Delivery of Nutrients
209(1)
8.3.4.5 The Encapsulation and Delivery of Probiotics
210(1)
8.3.5 The Immobilization of Enzymes by Chitin and Chitosan
211(1)
8.3.6 Other Applications of Chitosan in the Food Sciences
212(1)
8.4 Nutritional Aspects of Chitin and Chitosan
213(2)
8.5 Preparation of Chitin and Chitosan Oligomers and Their Applications in the Food Industry as Health Supplements
215(2)
8.6 Future Trends: Chitosan-Based Nanotechnology for Food Applications
217(1)
8.7 Conclusion
217(1)
Acknowledgements
218(1)
References
218(15)
9 Chitosan: Sustainable and Environmental-Friendly Resource for Textile Industry
233(22)
Mohd Shabbir
Luqman Jameel Rather
Faqeer Mohammad
9.1 Introduction
233(1)
9.2 Chitosan and Chitosan Resources
234(2)
9.3 Chitosan Treatment of Textiles
236(4)
9.3.1 Wool
237(1)
9.3.2 Silk
238(1)
9.3.3 Cotton
238(1)
9.3.4 Others (Synthetic or Semisynthetic Fibers)
239(1)
9.4 Textile Functionalities Achieved
240(5)
9.4.1 Antimicrobial Finishing and Enhanced Dyeing Effects
241(2)
9.4.2 Wrinkle Proof Resistance
243(1)
9.4.3 Biomedical Applications
244(1)
9.5 Effluent Treatment Applications
245(1)
9.6 Future Perspectives and Conclusion
246(1)
References
247(8)
Section III: Chitosan in Biomedical Applications
10 Perspectives of Chitin-and Chitosan-Based Scaffolds Dressing in Regenerative Medicine
255(16)
Parappurath Narayanan Sudha
Madhavan Saranya
Thandapani Gomathi
S. Gokila
Soundararajan Aisverya
Jayachandran Venkatesan
Sukumaran Anil
10.1 Introduction
256(2)
10.2 Scaffold Characteristics
258(2)
10.2.1 Biodegradability
258(1)
10.2.2 Biocompatibility
259(1)
10.2.3 Manufacturing Technology
259(1)
10.2.4 Mechanical Properties
259(1)
10.2.5 Scaffold Properties
260(1)
10.3 Fabrication Techniques
260(1)
10.4 Applications of Chitin and Chitosan as Regenerative Medicine
261(3)
10.5 Conclusion
264(1)
References
265(6)
11 Chitin-and Chitosan-Based Scaffolds
271(40)
Upendra Bulbake
Sindhu Doppalapudi
Wahid Khan
11.1 Introduction
272(2)
11.2 Scaffold Components
274(1)
11.3 Scaffold Requirements
275(2)
11.3.1 Pore Size and Porosity
276(1)
11.3.2 Water Retention
276(1)
11.3.3 Biocompatibility
276(1)
11.3.4 Biodegradability
277(1)
11.3.5 Mechanical Strength
277(1)
11.4 Chitin-and Chitosan-Based Scaffolds Fabrication Techniques
277(5)
11.4.1 Non-Designed Manufacturing Techniques
278(1)
11.4.1.1 Phase Separation
278(1)
11.4.1.2 Electrospinning
278(1)
11.4.1.3 Solvent Casting and Particulate Leaching
279(1)
11.4.1.4 Freeze Drying or Emulsion Freezing
280(1)
11.4.1.5 Gas Foaming or High Pressure Processing
280(1)
11.4.1.6 Melt Molding
281(1)
11.4.2 Designed Fabrication Technique
281(1)
11.4.2.1 Rapid Prototyping (RP)
281(1)
11.5 Applications of Chitin and Chitosan for Regeneration of Various Tissues
282(13)
11.5.1 Bone Tissue
282(3)
11.5.2 Cartilage Tissue
285(1)
11.5.3 Dermal Tissue
286(3)
11.5.4 Hepatic Tissue
289(1)
11.5.5 Cardiac Tissue
290(1)
11.5.6 Nerve Tissue
291(2)
11.5.7 Vascular Tissue
293(1)
11.5.8 Corneal Tissue
293(1)
11.5.9 Other Tissues
294(1)
11.6 Chitin-and CS-Based Scaffolds for Drug and Growth Factors Delivery
295(1)
11.7 Chitin-and CS-Based Scaffolds/Dressings in Market
295(1)
11.8 Conclusions
295(4)
11.9 Future perspectives
299(1)
Abbreviations
299(1)
References
300(11)
12 Nanopolymer Chitosan in Cancer and Alzheimer Biomedical Application
311(50)
Athika Darumas Putri
Bayu Tri Murti
Myalowenkosi Sabela
Suvardhan Kanchi
Krishna Bisetty
12.1 Introduction
311(6)
12.1.1 Chemistry of Chitosan
312(2)
12.1.2 Brief Overview on Cancer
314(2)
12.1.3 Brief Overview on Alzheimer's Disease
316(1)
12.2 Chitosan Applications in Cancer
317(18)
12.2.1 Drug Delivery System
317(7)
12.2.2 Treatment and Therapy
324(4)
12.2.3 Diagnostic Strategy
328(7)
12.3 Chitosan Applications in Alzheimer's
335(12)
12.3.1 Pharmaceutical Formulation and Drug Delivery Application (Nanocarrier)
335(1)
12.3.1.1 Amyloid-P-Targeted Nanocarier
335(1)
12.3.1.2 Cholinesterase-Targeted Nanocarrier
339(1)
12.3.1.3 Other Functional Drug Carrier
343(1)
12.3.2 Treatment and Therapy
344(2)
12.3.3 Sensing and Diagnosis
346(1)
12.4 Conclusion
347(1)
References
348(13)
13 Biomedical Significance of Chitin-and Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites
361(24)
Aasim Majeed
Raoof Ahmad Najar
Shruti Choudhary
Sapna Thakur
Amandeep Singh
Pankaj Bhardwaj
13.1 Introduction
362(1)
13.2 Biomedical Applications
363(14)
13.2.1 Wound Healing
364(3)
13.2.2 Drug Delivery
367(3)
13.2.3 Tissue Engineering
370(5)
13.2.4 Dental Application
375(1)
13.2.5 Antimicrobial Applications
376(1)
13.3 Conclusion
377(1)
References
378(7)
14 Potential Biomedical Applications of Chitosan-and Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials
385(26)
Gulshan Singh
Murli Manohar
Suresh Kumar Arya
Waseem Ahmad Siddiqui
Thor Axel Stenstrom
14.1 Introduction
386(1)
14.2 Production of Chitin and Chitosan
387(1)
14.3 Bioactivities of Chitin and Chitosan
388(6)
14.3.1 Antitumor Activity
388(2)
14.3.2 Antibacterial Activity
390(2)
14.3.3 Antifungal
392(1)
14.3.4 Antioxidant
392(1)
14.3.5 Anti-HIV
393(1)
14.4 Biomedical Application of Chitin-and Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials
394(6)
14.4.1 Wound Healing and Burns
394(1)
14.4.2 Tissue Engineering
395(1)
14.4.3 Drug Delivery
396(1)
14.4.4 Biosensors
397(3)
14.5 Conclusions and Future Perspective
400(1)
Acknowledgement
401(1)
References
401(10)
Section IV: Chitosan in Agriculture and Water Treatment
15 Practical and Plausible Implications of Chitin-and Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites in Agriculture
411(20)
Aasim Majeed
Raoof Ahmad Najar
Shruti Choudhary
Wahid Ul Rehman
Amandeep Singh
Sapna Thakur
Pankaj Bhardwaj
15.1 Introduction
412(1)
15.2 Applications of Chitin and Chitosan Nanocomposite in Agriculture
413(10)
15.2.1 Controlled Pesticide, Insecticide, and Herbicide Delivery
413(4)
15.2.2 Efficient Fertilizer and Micronutrient Delivery
417(2)
15.2.3 Nanosensors
419(1)
15.2.4 Genetic Engineering in Crop Plants
420(1)
15.2.5 Disease Control
421(2)
15.2.6 Immunomodulation
423(1)
15.3 Conclusion
423(1)
References
423(8)
16 Scope of Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibrous Web for its Potential Application in Water Filtration
431(22)
Rahul Gadkari
Wazed Ali
Apurba Das
R. Alagirusamy
16.1 Introduction
431(2)
16.2 Chitosan as an Efficient Material for Water Purification/ Disinfection
433(5)
16.2.1 Structure of Chitosan
433(1)
16.2.2 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Chitosan
434(1)
16.2.3 Chitosan for Water Purification/Disinfection
435(1)
16.2.3.1 Chitosan as a Coagulant/Flocculant
435(1)
16.2.3.2 Removal of Heavy Metals
436(1)
16.2.3.3 Removal of Organic Compounds
437(1)
16.2.3.4 Removal of Bacteria
437(1)
16.3 Electrospinning Process
438(4)
16.3.1 Electrospinning of Chitosan to obtain Nanofibres
439(3)
16.4 Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibers Embedded with Silver Nanoparticles for Filtration of Water Contaminated with Bacteria
442(4)
16.5 Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites for Water Filtration
446(2)
16.6 Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
448(1)
References
449(4)
17 Application of Chitin/Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Adsorbents, Coagulants, and Flocculants
453(36)
Parappurath Narayanan Sudha
Soundararajan Aisverya
Thandapani Gomathi
Kumar Vijayalakshmi
Madhavan Saranya
Kirubanandam Sangeetha
Srinivasan Latha
Sabu Thomas
17.1 Introduction
454(1)
17.2 Chitin and Chitosan
455(1)
17.3 Properties of Chitin and Chitosan
455(1)
17.3.1 Color and Appearance
455(1)
17.3.2 Solubility
456(1)
17.3.3 Molecular Weight and Degree of Polymerization
456(1)
17.4 Modification of Chitin and Chitosan
456(5)
17.4.1 Physical Modification
457(1)
17.4.2 Chemical Modification
458(1)
17.4.3 Multiple Modifications
459(1)
17.4.3.1 Blends of Chitosan
459(1)
17.4.3.2 Composites of Chitosan
460(1)
17.4.3.3 Grafted Chitosan
460(1)
17.5 Application of Natural Polymers in Wastewater Treatment as Promising Adsorbents
461(4)
17.5.1 For Heavy Metal Removal
461(2)
17.5.2 For Dye Removal
463(1)
17.5.3 For General Wastewater Treatment
464(1)
17.6 Chitin and Chitosan as a New Type of Polymer Coagulant/Flocculants
465(9)
17.6.1 For Heavy Metal Removal
469(1)
17.6.2 For Dye Removal
470(2)
17.6.3 For General Wastewater Treatment
472(2)
17.7 Future Directions for Research
474(1)
17.8 Conclusion
475(1)
Acknowledgments
475(1)
References
475(14)
Index 489
Shakeel Ahmed is a Research Fellow at Bio/Polymers Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. He obtained his PhD in the area of biopolymers and bionanocomposites. He has published several research publications in the area of green nanomaterials and biopolymers for various applications including biomedical, packaging, sensors, and water treatment. He is an associate member of Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), UK and life member of Asian Polymer Association and Society of Materials Chemistry (India).

Saiqa Ikram is an Assistant Professor in Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi. She was awarded her PhD from the Faculty of Technology, University of Delhi, India in the area of polymer technology. Her research area of interest is in green chemistry especially biopolymers, biocomposites and green synthesis of nanoparticles. Her work has been recognized at national level and sponsored in the form of Innovative Minor and Major Research Projects by the Ministry of Science & Technology, Government of India. She has authored more than 45 research articles and five book chapters.