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Clark's Essential Physics in Imaging for Radiographers 2nd edition [Pehme köide]

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(University of Cumbria, UK), (University of Cumbria, UK), (Sheffield Hallam University, UK)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 251 pages, kõrgus x laius: 198x129 mm, kaal: 320 g, 4 Tables, black and white; 2 Line drawings, color; 83 Line drawings, black and white; 14 Halftones, black and white; 2 Illustrations, color; 97 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Clark's Companion Essential Guides
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jun-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367511975
  • ISBN-13: 9780367511975
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Clark's Essential Physics in Imaging for Radiographers 2nd editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 251 pages, kõrgus x laius: 198x129 mm, kaal: 320 g, 4 Tables, black and white; 2 Line drawings, color; 83 Line drawings, black and white; 14 Halftones, black and white; 2 Illustrations, color; 97 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Clark's Companion Essential Guides
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Jun-2021
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0367511975
  • ISBN-13: 9780367511975
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Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780367511975.html
Märksõnad:

The second edition of this easy-to-understand pocket guide remains an invaluable tool for students, assistant practitioners and radiographers. Providing an accessible introduction to the subject in a reader-friendly format, it includes diagrams and photographs to support the text. Each chapter provides clear learning objectives and a series of MCQs to test reader assimilation of the material.

The book opens with overviews of image production, basic mathematics and imaging physics, followed by detailed chapters on the physics relevant to producing diagnostic images using X-rays and digital technologies. The content has been updated throughout and includes a new chapter on CT imaging and additional material on radioactivity, dosimetry, and imaging display and manipulation.

Clark’s Essential Physics in Imaging for Radiographers

supports students in demonstrating an understanding of the fundamental definitions of physics applied to radiography … all you need to know to pass your exams!

Preface ix
The Authors xi
Preface to Second Edition xiii
Chapter 1 Overview Of Image Production
1(14)
Introduction
1(1)
General principles
1(1)
X-ray beam characteristics
2(1)
Scattered radiation
3(1)
Field size
3(1)
Geometry of image production
4(5)
X-ray detectors
9(1)
Ionisation
9(1)
Display system and viewing conditions
10(1)
Radiation dose
11(1)
Practitioner's skill and perception
11(1)
MCQs
12(3)
Chapter 2 Mathematics For Medical Imaging
15(12)
Introduction
15(1)
Basic mathematics
15(2)
International system of units
17(1)
Measurement prefixes (powers)
17(2)
Logarithms (logs)
19(1)
Line focus principle
20(1)
Similar triangles
21(4)
MCQs
25(2)
Chapter 3 Physics For Medical Imaging
27(22)
Introduction
27(1)
The atom
27(7)
Radioactivity
34(5)
Force, work, energy and power
39(1)
Heat
39(2)
Waves
41(1)
Sound
42(1)
Magnetism
42(1)
Electricity and electric charge
43(1)
Electromagnetic radiation
44(2)
MCQs
46(3)
Chapter 4 X-Rays, X-Ray Tube Ana X-Ray Circuit
49(24)
Introduction
49(1)
X-rays
50(1)
X-ray tube
50(5)
X-ray circuit
55(1)
The Interaction of high-energy electrons with matter
56(1)
Interactions between incoming electrons and outer-shell electrons in tungsten
56(1)
Interactions producing heat
57(1)
Interactions producing X-rays
58(1)
Interactions between incoming electrons and inner-shell electrons in tungsten (characteristic X-ray production)
58(4)
Interactions between incoming electrons and the nucleus of the Atom (Bremsstrahlung X-ray production)
62(3)
X-ray spectra and factors affecting the quality and intensity of the X-ray beam
65(1)
Impact of changing the mA
66(1)
Impact of changing the kV
67(1)
The impact of filtration on the X-ray beam
68(3)
MCQs
71(2)
Chapter 5 X-Ray Interactions In Matter
73(16)
Introduction
73(1)
Interactions of X-rays in matter
73(4)
The processes of attenuation in diagnostic radiography
77(1)
Elastic scatter
78(1)
Pair production
78(1)
Photoelectric absorption
78(5)
Compton scatter
83(4)
MCQs
87(2)
Chapter 6 Principles Of Radiation Detection And Image Formation
89(36)
Introduction
89(1)
Desirable characteristics of radiation detectors
90(1)
Detective quantum efficiency
90(3)
Ionisation chambers used for automatic exposure control circuits
93(6)
Large field detectors (overview)
99(1)
Indirect, direct, computed and digital radiography
100(18)
Digital fluoroscopic systems
118(3)
MCQs
121(4)
Chapter 7 Image Quality
125(14)
Introduction
125(1)
Geometry of imaging
126(2)
Magnification and distortion
128(1)
Signal-to-noise ratio
129(1)
Unsharpness
130(1)
Movement unsharpness
131(1)
Resolution of the imaging system
131(1)
Spatial resolution
131(1)
Measurement of unsharpness in an image
132(1)
Viewing digital images
132(1)
Brightness and contrast
132(3)
Effect of scatter on contrast
135(1)
MCQs
136(3)
Chapter 8 Radiation Dose And Exposure Indicators
139(16)
Introduction
139(1)
Radiation dose
140(1)
Exposure
141(7)
Radiation monitors and personal monitoring
148(2)
Exposure indicators
150(3)
MCQs
153(2)
Chapter 9 Image Display And Manipulation In Medical Imaging
155(20)
Introduction
155(1)
Image production pathway
156(3)
Image interpolation
159(1)
Image manipulation
159(4)
Noise reduction by
Background Subtraction
163(2)
Simple edge enhancement
165(1)
Spatial domain filtering for smoothing and sharpening
165(2)
Noise reduction by `low-pass spatial filtering'
167(2)
Image sharpening and edge enhancement `high-pass spatial filtering'
169(2)
Standards
171(2)
MCQs
173(2)
Chapter 10 Computed Tomography
175(34)
Introduction
175(1)
General principles of computed tomography
176(3)
Creating raw data attenuation values
179(1)
Creation of data in the xy dimension
179(11)
Creating data in the z dimension
190(5)
How does all this relate to scan considerations/protocols
195(1)
Spatial resolution (SR)
195(3)
Contrast resolution (CR)
198(1)
The link between slice thickness, dose, photon density and signal value
199(4)
Temporal resolution and control of movement
203(1)
Artefacts and other scan considerations
204(3)
MCQs
207(2)
Chapter 11 Radiation Protection And Safety
209(18)
Introduction
209(1)
Legislation
210(5)
Dose limits
215(1)
Physical, chemical and biological effects of ionising radiation
215(1)
Cancer effects (stochastic)
216(2)
Standard operating procedure for women of reproductive capacity
218(4)
Reporting of radiation incidents
222(2)
MCQs
224(3)
Chapter 12 Benefit-Risk
227(8)
Introduction
227(1)
Benefit-risk analysis
227(2)
Benefits of examinations using X-rays and gamma photons
229(1)
Risks from X- and y-Radiation
230(2)
Possible effects of ionizing radiations on human cells
232(1)
MCQs
233(2)
Answers to MCQs 235(6)
Chapter formulas 241(4)
Index 245
Ken Holmes is now retired but was the programme leader for the BSc (Hons) Diagnostic Imaging at the University of Cumbria (formerly St Martins College). He is one of the co-authors of Clarks Pocket Handbook for Radiographers and believes the time is right to develop a pocket physics book to use alongside the technique one. Ken started education as a clinical tutor and has worked at several higher education institutes in the UK and has taught physics and imaging principles for 30 years.

Marcus Elkington is a senior lecturer in Diagnostic Imaging at Sheffield Hallam University. He has a great interest in imaging and physics related to diagnostic radiography and has been helping students understand physics for many years. Marcus feels there is a place for a pocket physics book produced in a student-friendly format that is aimed specifically at the core topic areas surrounding general radiographic imaging.

Phil Harris was head of school at Medical Imaging Science at the University of Cumbria for many years and has always taken the greatest pleasure in passing on a basic understanding of radiation science to radiography students, many of whom enter into this subject with some considerable trepidation. This book has been written especially with these students in mind.