Preface |
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ix | |
The Authors |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 Overview of Image Production |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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X-ray beam characteristics |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Geometry of image production |
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4 | (4) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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Display system and viewing conditions |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Practitioner's skill and perception |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Mathematics for Medical Imaging |
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13 | (12) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (12) |
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14 | (1) |
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International system of units |
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15 | (1) |
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Measurement prefixes (powers) |
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15 | (1) |
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Multiplication and division of powers |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Physics for Medical Imaging |
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25 | (18) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (6) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Electrons and electron orbitals |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Principles of radioactive decay |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Penetrating power of the emissions |
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33 | (1) |
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Force, work, energy and power |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Electricity and electric charge |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Electromagnetic radiation |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 X-rays, X-ray Tube and X-ray Circuit |
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43 | (24) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (5) |
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45 | (4) |
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49 | (10) |
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The Interaction of high-energy electrons with matter |
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50 | (1) |
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Interactions between incoming electrons and outer-shell electrons in tungsten |
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50 | (1) |
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Interactions producing heat |
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51 | (1) |
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Interactions producing X-rays |
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52 | (1) |
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Interactions between incoming electrons and inner-shell electrons in tungsten (characteristic X-ray production) |
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52 | (4) |
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Interactions between incoming electrons and the nucleus of the Atom (Bremsstrahlung X-ray production) |
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56 | (3) |
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X-ray spectra and factors affecting the quality and intensity of the X-ray beam |
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59 | (8) |
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Impact of changing the mA |
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60 | (1) |
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Impact of changing the kV |
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60 | (2) |
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The impact of filtration on the X-ray beam |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 X-ray Interactions in Matter |
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67 | (16) |
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67 | (1) |
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Interactions of X-rays in matter |
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67 | (4) |
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68 | (3) |
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The processes of attenuation in diagnostic radiography |
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71 | (12) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (5) |
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77 | (3) |
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80 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Principles of Radiation Detection and Image Formation |
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83 | (36) |
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83 | (1) |
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Desirable characteristics of radiation detectors |
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84 | (1) |
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Detective quantum efficiency |
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84 | (3) |
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85 | (2) |
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Ionisation chambers used for automatic exposure control circuits |
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87 | (7) |
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89 | (2) |
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Scintillation crystals/photocathode multiplier |
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91 | (1) |
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Scintillation crystal/photocathode X-ray image intensifier |
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92 | (1) |
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Scintillation crystals/silicon photodiode multiplier |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Indirect, direct, computed and digital radiography |
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95 | (18) |
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Computed radiography in detail |
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96 | (4) |
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Indirect digital radiography technology in detail |
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100 | (7) |
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Charged coupled device coupling via optical fibre |
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107 | (2) |
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Charged coupled devices optically coupled by a mirror and high quality lens |
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109 | (1) |
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Direct digital radiography |
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110 | (3) |
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Digital fluoroscopic systems |
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113 | (6) |
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Image intensifier linked to charged coupled device |
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113 | (1) |
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Fluoroscopic flat panel detectors |
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113 | (1) |
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Solid-state X-ray image intensifier |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (4) |
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119 | (12) |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (11) |
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Magnification and distortion |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Resolution of the imaging system |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Measurement of unsharpness in an image |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (2) |
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Effect of scatter on contrast |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Radiation Dose and Exposure Indicators |
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131 | (12) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Detection and measurement of radiation |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (10) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness |
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136 | (1) |
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Quality factor for radiation |
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136 | (1) |
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Radiation monitors and personal monitoring |
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136 | (1) |
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Thermoluminescent dosimeters |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Image Display and Manipulation in Medical Imaging |
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143 | (16) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (3) |
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144 | (1) |
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Display of reconstructed image matrix |
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145 | (1) |
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Image quality and matrix size |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (4) |
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Manufacturer-defined manipulation tools |
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147 | (1) |
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Operator-defined manipulation tools |
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148 | (3) |
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Noise reduction by background subtraction |
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151 | (2) |
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Noise reduction by `low-pass spatial filtering' |
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153 | (1) |
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Edge enhancement by `high-pass spatial filtering' |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Radiation Protection and Safety |
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159 | (14) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (4) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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Local rules and systems of work |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Radiation protection of staff |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Physical, chemical and biological effects of ionising radiation |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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Heritable (also known as deterministic) effects are defined by two properties |
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167 | (1) |
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Special protection measures for women of reproductive capacity |
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167 | (2) |
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Reporting of radiation incidents |
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169 | (4) |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (6) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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Benefits of X-ray examinations |
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175 | (1) |
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Risks from X- and γ-Radiation |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (2) |
Answers to MCQs |
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179 | (6) |
Chapter formulas |
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185 | (4) |
Index |
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189 | |