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Climate Information for Public Health Action [Pehme köide]

  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 244 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 500 g, 18 Tables, black and white; 37 Line drawings, black and white; 37 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Routledge Studies in Environment and Health
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Sep-2018
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138069647
  • ISBN-13: 9781138069640
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 244 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 500 g, 18 Tables, black and white; 37 Line drawings, black and white; 37 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Routledge Studies in Environment and Health
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Sep-2018
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138069647
  • ISBN-13: 9781138069640
Teised raamatud teemal:
Public health professionals, field epidemiologists, health management workers and health policymakers are increasingly concerned about the potential impact that climate change can have on public health. Climate not only determines the spatial and seasonal distribution of many public health events, such as infectious diseases, health outcomes of disasters and nutrition, but also is a key determinant of extreme heat waves and storm events that result in large impacts on morbidity and mortality. However, few public health professionals are aware of the ways in which climate information may help them manage the impacts of climate on their disease surveillance and control activities, as well as program implementation and evaluation. Climate Information for Public Health Action fills an identified knowledge gap for health policy makers and practitioners (along with climate service providers) in exploring why, when and how climate information can and should be incorporated into health decision-making. Drawing together contributions from a range of key thinkers in the field, this volume will focus on three climate sensitive health outcome areas: infectious disease, hydrometeorological disasters, and nutrition.Targeting a technical professional public health community involved in developing policy and/or ensuring good practice related to climate sensitive health outcomes, this book will be written in an accessible, informative style using the highest technical and scientific standards. It will also be a valuable resource for students and academics studying and working in the emerging field of environment and health.

Arvustused

'Hotter, drier times, more severe (CAT-5) hurricanes and inundations are among the unfolding climate-induced changes for Caribbean SIDS. This book sets out the global context; a treasure trove of sound science, joined-up analyses and recommendations; a must-read for any thoughtful health professional concerned about the health of people and the planet.' -- C. James Hospedales, Executive Director, Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), Trinidad and Tobago

'This book is a great resource for anyone interested in the rising risks to human health in a changing climate it provides an in-depth look at what information can help us to understand past, present and future risks, for better decisions and better outcomes.' Maarten van Aalst, Director, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Netherlands

'At last, an informative reference book for practitioners in the growing discipline of climate and health! Drawing from a wealth of experience, Madeleine Thomson, Simon Mason and colleagues provide a useful background and guide for policy, as well as climate and health practitioners, to understand and mitigate climate impacts on the health of the most vulnerable populations.' Judy Omumbo, Programme Manager, Affiliates and Post-Doctoral Programmes, African Academy of Sciences, Kenya

'This book delves deep into relationships between health and climate variables and the data necessary to adapt to a warming world. For those who work in nutrition, it is a must-read, as food systems and diets garnered from those systems are, and will be, impacted by climate change.' Jessica Fanzo, Director of the Global Food Ethics and Policy Program, Co-Chair of the Global Nutrition Report, Johns Hopkins University, USA

'Climate Information for Public Health Action provides health professionals with critical insights into the weather and climate variables that can affect major causes of ill-health. Using this knowledge will improve the validity and robustness of research, and inform implementation of effective policies and programs to prepare for and manage these risks in a changing climate.' Kristie L. Ebi, Director, Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, USA 'Hotter, drier times, more severe (CAT-5) hurricanes and inundations are among the unfolding climate-induced changes for Caribbean SIDS. This book sets out the global context; a treasure trove of sound science, joined-up analyses and recommendations; a must-read for any thoughtful health professional concerned about the health of people and the planet.' -- C. James Hospedales, Executive Director, Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA), Trinidad and Tobago

'This book is a great resource for anyone interested in the rising risks to human health in a changing climate it provides an in-depth look at what information can help us to understand past, present and future risks, for better decisions and better outcomes.' Maarten van Aalst, Director, Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Netherlands

'At last, an informative reference book for practitioners in the growing discipline of climate and health! Drawing from a wealth of experience, Madeleine Thomson, Simon Mason and colleagues provide a useful background and guide for policy, as well as climate and health practitioners, to understand and mitigate climate impacts on the health of the most vulnerable populations.' Judy Omumbo, Programme Manager, Affiliates and Post-Doctoral Programmes, African Academy of Sciences, Kenya

'This book delves deep into relationships between health and climate variables and the data necessary to adapt to a warming world. For those who work in nutrition, it is a must-read, as food systems and diets garnered from those systems are, and will be, impacted by climate change.' Jessica Fanzo, Director of the Global Food Ethics and Policy Program, Co-Chair of the Global Nutrition Report, Johns Hopkins University, USA

'Climate Information for Public Health Action provides health professionals with critical insights into the weather and climate variables that can affect major causes of ill-health. Using this knowledge will improve the validity and robustness of research, and inform implementation of effective policies and programs to prepare for and manage these risks in a changing climate.' Kristie L. Ebi, Director, Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, USA

'Almost all strategic goals in sustainable development include health and climate as they both have a prevailing influence on human wellbeing. If you are looking to understand how climate variability and change generate and exacerbate health threats; or innovative, practical ways to address them, this is the book for you.' -- Cheikh Mbow, Executive Director, START International, Washington D.C., USA

List, of figures
xii
List of tables
xv
List of boxes
xvii
List of case studies
xix
List of contributors
xx
Foreword xxii
Acknowledgements xxiv
List of abbreviations
xxvi
1 Health priorities in a changing climate
1(15)
Madeleine C. Thomson
Tamer Samah Rabie
Joy Shumake-Guillemot
John McDermott
Wilmot James
Chadia Wannous
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Policy drivers
2(3)
1.3 Climate change and the global public health community
5(6)
1.3.1 Climate impacts on infectious diseases
5(1)
1.3.2 Climate impacts and disaster risk reduction
6(1)
1.3.3 Climate impacts on nutrition
7(1)
1.3.4 Impact of food systems on climate and health
7(1)
1.3.5 From MDGs to SDGs
8(1)
1.3.6 Universal Health Coverage
8(1)
1.3.7 Climate shocks and conflict
9(1)
1.3.8 The Global Health Security Agenda
9(2)
1.3.9 Breaking down barriers to climate and health collaborations
11(1)
1.4 Climate services
11(2)
1.5 Conclusions
13(3)
2 Climate impacts on disasters, infectious diseases and nutrition
16(26)
Madeleine C. Thomson
Delia Grace
Ruth DeFries
C. Jessica
E. Metcalf
Hannah Nissan
Alessandra Giannini
2.1 Introduction
16(5)
2.2 Hydro-meteorological disasters
21(3)
2.3 Infectious diseases
24(3)
2.4 Nutrition
27(8)
2.5 Beyond the seasonal climate cycle to multiple timescales
35(2)
2.6 Population vulnerability
37(1)
2.7 Conclusions
37(5)
3 Connecting climate information with health outcomes
42(17)
Madeleine C. Thomson
C. Jessica
E. Metcalf
Simon J. Mason
Adrian M. Tompkins
Mary Hayden
3.1 Introduction
42(1)
3.2 Climate information for use in health decision-making
43(2)
3.3 Data issues
45(2)
3.4 Exploring relationships
47(3)
3.5 Linking climate to health outcomes
50(5)
3.5.1 Statistical models
50(3)
3.5.2 Mathematical models
53(2)
3.6 Working with uncertain forecasts
55(1)
3.7 Conclusions
56(3)
4 Climate basics
59(30)
Simon J. Mason
Madeleine C. Thomson
4.1 Introduction
59(1)
4.2 What is climate?
59(23)
4.2.1 Temperature
62(4)
4.2.2 Precipitation
66(1)
4.2.3 Humidity
67(4)
4.2.4 Wind
71(3)
4.2.5 Solar radiation
74(1)
4.2.6 Air quality
75(1)
4.2.7 Other important meteorological parameters
76(1)
4.2.7.1 Air pressure
76(1)
4.2.7.2 Geopotential heights
76(1)
4.2.7.3 Air chemistry
77(1)
4.2.7.4 Sea, land and ice
77(1)
4.2.8 Hurricanes, typhoons and other storms
78(1)
4.2.8.1 Tropical cyclones
78(2)
4.2.8.2 Extratropical cyclones
80(2)
4.2.8.3 Tornadoes
82(1)
4.3 How can climate be summarized?
82(5)
4.3.1 If weather is what we get, what should we expect?
82(1)
4.3.2 Aggregating weather data
83(1)
4.3.3 How hot is hot? When does dry mean drought?
84(3)
4.4 Conclusions
87(2)
5 Climate variability and trends: drivers
89(36)
Simon J. Mason
Angel G. Munoz
Bradfield Lyon
Madeleine C. Thomson
5.1 Introduction
89(1)
5.2 How does climate vary spatially?
89(16)
5.2.1 Climate and altitude
90(1)
5.2.1.1 Temperature and altitude
90(5)
5.2.1.2 Humidity and altitude
95(1)
5.2.1.3 Wind and altitude
95(1)
5.2.1.4 Rainfall and altitude
96(1)
5.2.2 Climate and latitude
96(1)
5.2.2.1 Rainfall and latitude
96(1)
5.2.2.2 Temperature and latitude
97(2)
5.2.3 The effects of land and sea
99(1)
5.2.3.1 Effects on temperature and the seasons
99(1)
5.2.3.2 Effects on humidity and rainfall
100(1)
5.2.4 The effects of land-surface type
101(1)
5.2.4.1 Urban heat islands
101(1)
5.2.4.2 Deforestation
102(1)
5.2.5 Climate and spatial scale: How big is a heat wave or, a drought?
102(1)
5.2.5.1 Spatial scales of temperature
103(1)
5.2.5.2 Spatial scales of rainfall
104(1)
5.3 How does climate vary temporally?
105(8)
5.3.1 How does the time of day affect the climate?
105(1)
5.3.1.1 Temperature
105(1)
5.3.1.2 Rainfall
106(1)
5.3.1.3 Winds
106(1)
5.3.2 How long do weather patterns last?
107(1)
5.3.3 What causes the seasons?
108(1)
5.3.4 How do the seasons differ spatially?
109(1)
5.3.5 How much does climate vary?
110(3)
5.4 Why does climate vary temporally?
113(10)
5.4.1 Internal causes of climate variability
113(1)
5.4.1.1 Variability in earth's surface
114(6)
5.4.2 External causes of climate variability
120(1)
5.4.2.1 Volcanoes
121(1)
5.4.2.2 Solar variability
121(1)
5.4.2.3 Atmospheric composition
122(1)
5.5 Conclusions
123(2)
6 Climate data: the past and present
125(22)
Simon J. Mason
Pietro Ceccato
Chris D. Hewitt
Theodore L. Allen
Tufa Dinku
Andrew Kruczkiewicz
Asher B. Siebert
Michelle Stanton
Madeleine C. Thomson
6.1 Introduction
125(1)
6.2 How are global weather and climate data produced and shared?
126(4)
6.2.1 Global Observing System
126(2)
6.2.2 Global Telecommunication System
128(1)
6.2.3 Global Data Processing and Forecasting system
128(2)
6.2.4 Global Atmospheric Watch
130(1)
6.3 What types of meteorological data are available?
130(10)
6.3.1 Direct measurements from climate stations
130(1)
6.3.1.1 In situ station data
130(1)
6.3.1.2 Gridded station data
131(1)
6.3.1.3 Index datasets
132(1)
6.3.2 Indirect measurements of climate by proxy, including by remote sensing
133(1)
6.3.2.1 Historical proxy datasets
133(1)
6.3.2.2 Satellite data
133(1)
6.3.2.2.1 Satellite monitoring of rainfall
134(4)
6.3.2.2.2 Satellite monitoring of temperature
138(1)
6.3.2.3 Data from drones
138(1)
6.3.3 Modelled data
138(2)
6.4 What data and information are available?
140(4)
6.4.1 Availability of historical and real-time data
140(2)
6.4.2 Availability of historical and real-time information
142(2)
6.4.2.1 Drought monitoring
144(1)
6.4.2.2 Air chemistry and air quality monitoring
144(1)
6.5 Conclusions
144(3)
7 Weather forecasts: up to one week in advance
147(28)
Simon J. Mason
Madeleine C. Thomson
Kim Knowlton
Hannah Nissan
Angel G. Munoz
Carlos Perez Garcia-Pando
Jeffrey Shaman
7.1 Introduction
147(1)
7.2 Why weather forecasts may be useful to the health community
148(11)
7.3 Why is it so hard to predict the weather beyond a few days?
159(1)
7.4 Given that it is hard, how do forecasters make predictions?
159(7)
7.4.1 Observation
162(1)
7.4.2 Analysis
162(1)
7.4.3 Initialization
163(1)
7.4.4 Integration
163(3)
7.4.5 Post-processing
166(1)
7.5 How accurate are weather forecasts?
166(4)
7.5.1 Temperature
168(1)
7.5.2 Rainfall
168(1)
7.5.3 Tropical storms (cyclones, hurricanes and typhoons)
168(2)
7.6 What weather forecasts are available?
170(2)
7.6.1 Watches and warnings of hazardous and inhospitable conditions
170(1)
7.6.2 Forecasts of unhealthy weather
171(1)
7.6.3 Forecasts of suitable weather
171(1)
7.7 Conclusions
172(3)
8 Climate forecasts for early warning: up to six months in advance
175(24)
Simon J. Mason
Madeleine C. Thomson
Angel G. Munoz
8.1 Introduction
175(2)
8.2 How do forecasters predict the next few months?
177(12)
8.2.1 Why is the seasonal climate (sometimes) predictable?
178(1)
8.2.1.1 The oceans
179(1)
8.2.1.1.1 Tropical Pacific Ocean
179(1)
8.2.1.1.2 Tropical Atlantic Ocean
180(1)
8.2.1.1.3 Tropical Indian Ocean
180(1)
8.2.1.1.4 Extratropical oceans
181(1)
8.2.1.2 The land
181(1)
8.2.1.3 Snow and ice
181(1)
8.2.2 How are seasonal forecasts made?
181(1)
8.2.2.1 Empirical prediction
182(1)
8.2.2.2 Dynamical prediction
183(1)
8.2.2.2.1 Observation
184(1)
8.2.2.2.2 Analysis
185(1)
8.2.2.2.3 Initialization
185(1)
8.2.2.2.4 Integration
186(1)
8.2.2.2.5 Post-processing
186(3)
8.3 What seasonal forecasts are available?
189(4)
8.3.1 Global Producing Centres of Long-Range Forecasts
189(2)
8.3.2 Regional Climate Centres and Regional Climate Outlook Forums
191(1)
8.3.3 National meteorological and hydrological services
192(1)
8.3.4 Additional global products
192(1)
8.4 Do seasonal forecasts work well?
193(2)
8.5 Conclusions
195(4)
9 Climate information for adaptation: from years to decades
199(20)
Hannah Nissan
Madeleine C. Thomson
Simon J. Mason
Angel G. Munoz
Glynn Vale
John W. Hargrove
Arthur M. Greene
Bradfield Lyon
9.1 Introduction
199(1)
9.2 How increasing concentrations of CO, can impact health
200(9)
9.2.1 Hydro-meteorological disasters
202(1)
9.2.2 Infectious diseases
203(2)
9.2.3 Nutrition
205(4)
9.3 How climate-change projections are made
209(4)
9.3.1 Downscaling
209(2)
9.3.2 Multi-annual to multi-decadal prediction
211(2)
9.4 How accurate are multi-annual to multi-decadal forecasts?
213(2)
9.4.1 Climate model errors
213(1)
9.4.2 How accurate are the predictions?
214(1)
9.5 Conclusions
215(4)
10 Climate information for public health action: challenges and opportunities
219(16)
Madeleine C. Thomson
Simon J. Mason
John del Corral
Andrew Kruczkiewicz
Gilma Mantilla
Cristina Li
10.1 Introduction
219(1)
10.2 Climate services for health
220(4)
10.3 Advances in technology
224(4)
10.4 Institutional arrangements
228(2)
10.5 Education and training
230(3)
10.6 Conclusions
233(2)
Index 235
Madeleine C. Thomson is a Senior Research Scientist at the International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Earth Institute, and a Senior Scholar at the Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, at Columbia University, USA.

Simon J. Mason is Chief Climate Scientist at the International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Earth Institute, at Columbia University, USA.