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1 Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology |
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1 | (10) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Anatomic Planes of Reference |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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General Plan of the Animal Body |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Chemical Basis for Life |
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11 | (34) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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Composition of Matter: Elements and Atoms |
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13 | (6) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Chemical Components of Living Organisms |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (5) |
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40 | (5) |
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45 | (27) |
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46 | (1) |
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Our Early Understanding of Cells |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (4) |
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52 | (6) |
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58 | (9) |
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67 | (5) |
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72 | (30) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (3) |
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Membrane Processes: Excretion, Secretion and Absorption |
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79 | (1) |
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Passive Membrane Processes |
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79 | (4) |
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Active Membrane Processes |
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83 | (5) |
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Resting Membrane Potential |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (2) |
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Mitotic Phase, Cell Division |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (3) |
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Cell Differentiation and Development |
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98 | (4) |
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5 Tissues: Living Communities |
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102 | (45) |
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105 | (1) |
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Gross and Microscopic Anatomy |
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105 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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General Characteristics of Epithelia |
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106 | (2) |
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Classifications of Epithelia |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (4) |
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113 | (6) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Components of Connective Tissue |
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120 | (2) |
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Types of Connective Tissue |
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122 | (7) |
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129 | (11) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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Tissue Healing and Repair |
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142 | (2) |
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Inflammation: The First Stage |
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144 | (1) |
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Organization: The Formation of Granulation Tissue |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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6 The Integument and Related Structures |
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147 | (23) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (4) |
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153 | (3) |
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Hypodermis or Subcutaneous Layer |
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156 | (1) |
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Special Features of the Integument |
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156 | (3) |
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Related Structures of the Integument |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (3) |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (3) |
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167 | (3) |
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170 | (40) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (8) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (6) |
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199 | (5) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (5) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (16) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle |
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212 | (5) |
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Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle |
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217 | (3) |
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Physiology of Skeletal Muscle |
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220 | (3) |
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223 | (1) |
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Gross Anatomy of Cardiac Muscle |
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223 | (1) |
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Microscopic Anatomy of Cardiac Muscle |
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223 | (1) |
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Physiology of Cardiac Muscle |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Gross Anatomy of Smooth Muscle |
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224 | (1) |
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Microscopic Anatomy of Smooth Muscle |
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224 | (1) |
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Physiology of Smooth Muscle |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (26) |
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228 | (1) |
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Neurons and Supporting Cells |
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229 | (1) |
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Organization of the Nervous System |
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230 | (1) |
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Anatomic Location: CNS Versus PNS |
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230 | (1) |
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Direction of Impulses: Afferent Versus Efferent |
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231 | (1) |
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Function: Autonomic Versus Somatic |
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231 | (1) |
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Neuron Function: Depolarization and Repolarization |
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231 | (1) |
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Resting State, Polarization, and Resting Membrane Potential |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Depolarization Threshold, Nerve Impulse Conduction, and All-or-Nothing Principle |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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How Myelinated Axons Conduct Action Potentials Quicker: Saltatory Conduction |
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234 | (1) |
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How Neurons Communicate: the Synapse |
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235 | (1) |
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Types of Neurotransmitter and Their Effect on Postsynaptic Membranes |
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236 | (2) |
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Stopping and Recycling the Neurotransmitter |
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238 | (1) |
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The Central Nervous System--Brain and Spinal Cord |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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Other Clinically Important Structures of the Brain |
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240 | (3) |
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243 | (1) |
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The Autonomic Nervous System |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (1) |
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Neurotransmitters and Receptors |
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247 | (1) |
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Reflexes and the Reflex Arc |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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The Role of the Upper CNS in Moderating Reflexes |
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249 | (1) |
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Other Clinically Significant Reflexes |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (21) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (6) |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (7) |
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273 | (19) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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Control of Hormone Secretion |
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278 | (1) |
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The Major Endocrine Glands |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (3) |
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282 | (3) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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12 Blood, Lymph, and Lymph Nodes |
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292 | (25) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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Cellular Components of Blood: Red Blood Cells |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Life Span and Destruction |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (3) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Life Span and Destruction |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (4) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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Lymphoid Organs and Tissues |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (21) |
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318 | (1) |
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Anatomic Organization of the Immune System |
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318 | (1) |
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Skin and Mucous Membranes --- The First Line of Defense |
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318 | (1) |
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Organs and Tissues --- Internal Protection |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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Functional Organization of the Immune System |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (8) |
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Adaptive (Acquired) Immune System |
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329 | (5) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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335 | (1) |
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Hypersensitivity Reactions |
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336 | (2) |
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14 The Cardiovascular System |
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338 | (23) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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Blood Supply to the Heart |
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344 | (1) |
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Nerve Supply to the Heart |
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344 | (1) |
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Blood Flow Through the Heart |
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345 | (3) |
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Cardiac Conduction System |
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348 | (2) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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Blood Circulation in the Fetus |
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354 | (3) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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Cardiovascular Monitoring |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (2) |
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15 The Respiratory System |
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361 | (17) |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (5) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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Negative Intrathoracic Pressure |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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Exchange of Gases in Alveoli |
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374 | (1) |
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Partial Pressures of Gases |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (3) |
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378 | (38) |
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380 | (1) |
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Basic Structure of the Gastrointestinal Tract |
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381 | (1) |
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Regulation of Gastrointestinal Function |
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381 | (1) |
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Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Esophagus |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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Deciduous Teeth (Baby Teeth) |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (2) |
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389 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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390 | (1) |
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Digestion in the Oral Cavity and Pharynx |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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Basic Structure and Overall Function |
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392 | (1) |
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Monogastric Stomach and Digestion |
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393 | (1) |
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Stimulation of Secretions |
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394 | (1) |
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Monogastric Stomach Motility |
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394 | (1) |
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Control of Gastric Motility |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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Ruminant Stomach and Digestion |
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396 | (1) |
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Forestomachs and Abomasum |
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397 | (1) |
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Motility of the Ruminant Stomach |
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398 | (2) |
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400 | (1) |
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Carbohydrate Digestion in Ruminants |
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401 | (1) |
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Lipid Digestion in Ruminants |
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401 | (1) |
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Protein Digestion in Ruminants |
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401 | (1) |
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Glucose Production in Ruminants |
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402 | (1) |
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Small Intestine and Associated Structures |
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402 | (1) |
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Basic Structure and Function |
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402 | (2) |
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Secretions of the Small Intestine |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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Liver, Bile Duct, and Gallbladder |
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405 | (1) |
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Bile Formation and Bilirubin Excretion |
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406 | (2) |
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Nutrient Processing in the Liver |
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408 | (2) |
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Small Intestinal Motility |
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410 | (1) |
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Regulation of Small Intestinal Motility |
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410 | (1) |
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Digestion in the Small Intestine |
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410 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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Absorption of Monosaccharides, Dipeptides Tripeptides, and Amino Acids |
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411 | (1) |
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Lipid Digestion and Absorption |
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412 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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Basic Structure and Function |
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412 | (1) |
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Motility of the Large Intestine |
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413 | (1) |
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Regulation of Large Intestine Motility |
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414 | (1) |
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Digestion and Absorption in the Large Intestine |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (1) |
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17 Nutrients and Metabolism |
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416 | (29) |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (1) |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (3) |
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423 | (2) |
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425 | (3) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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Control of Metabolic Reactions |
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430 | (5) |
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435 | (10) |
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445 | (19) |
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446 | (2) |
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Parts of the Urinary System |
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448 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (1) |
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450 | (1) |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Renal Action |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (4) |
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Regulation of Blood Pressure |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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461 | (3) |
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19 The Reproductive System |
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464 | (22) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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466 | (2) |
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468 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (5) |
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474 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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Accessory Reproductive Glands |
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474 | (1) |
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475 | (2) |
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Female Reproductive System |
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477 | (1) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (4) |
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482 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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483 | (1) |
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483 | (1) |
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483 | (3) |
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20 Pregnancy, Development, and Lactation |
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486 | (14) |
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487 | (1) |
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Breeding and Fertilization of the Ovum |
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487 | (1) |
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487 | (1) |
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488 | (1) |
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488 | (1) |
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488 | (1) |
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Fertilization of the Ovum |
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489 | (1) |
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Pregnancy and Development |
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490 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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490 | (1) |
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491 | (1) |
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491 | (1) |
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492 | (1) |
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492 | (3) |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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496 | (1) |
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Mammary Glands and Lactation |
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496 | (1) |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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Mammary Gland Development |
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497 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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498 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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499 | (1) |
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21 Avian Anatomy and Physiology |
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500 | (41) |
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502 | (1) |
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503 | (1) |
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503 | (1) |
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503 | (1) |
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503 | (1) |
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503 | (1) |
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504 | (1) |
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504 | (6) |
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510 | (1) |
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510 | (3) |
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513 | (6) |
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519 | (1) |
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519 | (2) |
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521 | (1) |
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522 | (1) |
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522 | (1) |
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523 | (1) |
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523 | (1) |
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|
523 | (1) |
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|
524 | (3) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
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|
527 | (2) |
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|
529 | (1) |
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530 | (1) |
|
|
530 | (1) |
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|
531 | (1) |
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|
532 | (2) |
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|
534 | (1) |
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|
535 | (1) |
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|
535 | (1) |
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|
536 | (1) |
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|
536 | (1) |
|
|
537 | (2) |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
22 Amphibian and Reptilian Anatomy and Physiology |
|
|
541 | (26) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
543 | (2) |
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|
545 | (1) |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
The Globe and Intraocular Structures |
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|
546 | (1) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
548 | (1) |
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|
549 | (2) |
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|
551 | (1) |
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|
551 | (3) |
|
|
554 | (1) |
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|
555 | (1) |
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|
556 | (1) |
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|
556 | (1) |
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|
557 | (1) |
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|
558 | (1) |
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|
558 | (1) |
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|
558 | (1) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Secondary Sexual Characteristics |
|
|
559 | (1) |
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|
559 | (1) |
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|
560 | (1) |
|
|
561 | (1) |
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|
561 | (1) |
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|
561 | (1) |
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|
562 | (1) |
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|
562 | (1) |
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|
563 | (1) |
|
|
563 | (4) |
Glossary |
|
567 | |