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xv | |
| Forewords |
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xvii | |
| Preface |
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xxi | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xxiii | |
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Connective tissue and the fascial system |
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1 | (14) |
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2 | (1) |
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Fascia and proprioception |
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2 | (1) |
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Fascia: collagenous continuity |
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2 | (1) |
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Further fascial considerations |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (3) |
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Plastic and elastic features |
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4 | (2) |
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Trigger points, fascia and the nervous system |
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6 | (1) |
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Summary of fascial and connective tissue function |
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6 | (4) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (4) |
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15 | (14) |
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Essential information about muscles |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (3) |
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Major types of voluntary contraction |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Muscle tone and contraction |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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Cooperative muscle activity |
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22 | (2) |
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Muscle spasm, tension, atrophy |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Increased stretch sensitivity |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Atrophy and chronic back pain |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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When should pain and dysfunction be left alone? |
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26 | (1) |
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Beneficially overactive muscles |
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27 | (1) |
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Somatization -- mind and muscles |
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27 | (2) |
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27 | (2) |
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Reporting stations and the brain |
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29 | (14) |
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29 | (1) |
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Fascia and proprioception |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Neuromuscular dysfunction following injury |
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32 | (1) |
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Mechanisms which alter proprioception |
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32 | (1) |
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An example of proprioceptive dysfunction |
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33 | (2) |
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Rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPMin) research evidence |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (4) |
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Effect of contradictory proprioceptive information |
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35 | (1) |
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Neural overload, entrapment and crosstalk |
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35 | (1) |
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Manipulating the reporting stations |
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35 | (4) |
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Therapeutic rehabilitation using reflex systems |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (4) |
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Causes of musculoskeletal dysfunction |
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43 | (12) |
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Adaptation -- GAS and LAS |
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43 | (1) |
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Posture, respiratory function and the adaptation phenomenon |
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44 | (1) |
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Making sense of the picture |
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45 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
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Postural and emotional influences on musculoskeletal dysfunction |
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47 | (3) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Postural imbalance and the diaphragm |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (3) |
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Summary of effects of hyperventilation |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Biomechanical changes in response to upper chest breathing |
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52 | (1) |
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Additional emotional factors and musculoskeletal dysfunction |
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53 | (1) |
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Selective motor unit involvement |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (10) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Chain reaction leading to facial and jaw pain: an example |
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57 | (1) |
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Patterns as habits of use |
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57 | (1) |
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The big picture and the local event |
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58 | (1) |
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Janda's `primary and secondary' responses |
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58 | (1) |
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Recognizing dysfunctional patterns |
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59 | (1) |
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Functional screening sequence |
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60 | (3) |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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Scapulohumeral rhythm test |
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62 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (20) |
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69 | (1) |
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Ischemia and trigger point evolution |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Facilitation -- segmental and local |
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70 | (2) |
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How to recognize a facilitated spinal area |
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71 | (1) |
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Local facilitation in muscles |
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71 | (1) |
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Lowering the neural threshold |
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72 | (1) |
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Different models for the evolution of trigger points |
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72 | (2) |
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Awad's analysis of trigger points |
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72 | (1) |
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Improved oxygenation and reduced trigger point pain -- an example |
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72 | (1) |
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Nimmo's receptor-tonus techniques |
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72 | (1) |
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Simons' current perspective |
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73 | (1) |
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Key and satellite trigger points |
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74 | (1) |
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Trigger points and joint restriction |
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75 | (1) |
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Trigger points associated with shoulder restriction |
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75 | (1) |
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Other trigger point sites |
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75 | (1) |
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Testing and measuring trigger points |
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75 | (5) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Algometer use for research and clinical training |
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77 | (2) |
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Thermography and trigger Points |
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79 | (1) |
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Clinical features of myofascial trigger points |
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80 | (5) |
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Developing skills for TrP palpation |
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80 | (2) |
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Which method is more effective? |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (10) |
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The inflammatory response |
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85 | (1) |
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Acute (lag) phase of the inflammatory response |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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Difference between degenerative and inflammatory processes |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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Reflex effects of muscular pain |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Are the reflexes normal? What is the source of the pain? |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Differentiating between soft tissue and joint pain |
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90 | (1) |
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When should pain and dysfunction be left alone? |
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90 | (2) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (3) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (3) |
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Assessment, treatment and rehabilitation |
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95 | (12) |
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96 | (1) |
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`Looseness and tightness' as part of the biomechanical model |
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96 | (2) |
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Lewit (1996) and `loose-tight' thinking |
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97 | (1) |
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Soft tissue treatment and barriers |
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97 | (1) |
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Pain and the tight-loose concept |
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97 | (1) |
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Three-dimensional patterns |
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98 | (1) |
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Methods for restoration of `three-dimensionally patterned functional symmetry' |
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98 | (1) |
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Managing soft tissue dysfunction |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Nutrition and pain: a biochemical perspective |
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99 | (3) |
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Nutritional treatment strategies |
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100 | (1) |
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Specific nutrients and myofascial pain |
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100 | (1) |
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Allergy and intolerance: additional biochemical influences on pain |
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100 | (1) |
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Treatment for `allergic myalgia' |
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101 | (1) |
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Anti-inflammatory nutritional (biochemical) strategies |
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101 | (1) |
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Psychosocial factors in pain management: the cognitive dimension |
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102 | (1) |
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Guidelines for pain management |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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Other barriers to progress in pain management |
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103 | (1) |
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Stages of change in behavior modification |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (4) |
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Low back pain rehabilitation |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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Patient advice and concordance (compliance) issues |
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104 | (3) |
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Modern neuromuscular techniques |
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107 | (22) |
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Neuromuscular therapy -- American version |
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108 | (11) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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Biomechanical, biochemical and psychosocial interaction |
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110 | (1) |
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NMT techniques contraindicated in initial stages of acute injury |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (7) |
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118 | (1) |
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European (Lief's) neuromuscular technique (NMT) |
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119 | (10) |
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120 | (1) |
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Lief's NMT finger technique |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Variable ischemic compression |
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122 | (1) |
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A framework for assessment |
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123 | (1) |
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Integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique |
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124 | (5) |
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Associated therapeutic modalities and techniques |
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129 | (30) |
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Hydrotherapy and cryotherapy |
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131 | (4) |
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How water works on the body |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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Alternate heat and cold: constitutional hydrotherapy (home application) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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Ice coolants as a form of trigger point treatment |
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134 | (1) |
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Integrated neuromuscular inhibition technique |
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135 | (3) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Ruddy's reciprocal antagonist facilitation (RRAF) |
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137 | (1) |
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Lymphatic Drainage techniques |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Mobilization and articulation |
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140 | (2) |
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Notes on sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) |
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141 | (1) |
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Muscle energy techniques (MET) and variations |
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142 | (3) |
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Neurological explanation for MET effects |
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142 | (1) |
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Use of breathing cooperation |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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Muscle energy technique variations |
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143 | (2) |
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Myofascial release techniques (MFR) |
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145 | (2) |
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Exercise 1 Longitudinal paraspinal myofascial release |
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146 | (1) |
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Exercise 2 Freeing subscapularis from serratus anterior fascia |
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146 | (1) |
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Positional release techniques (PRT) |
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147 | (6) |
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The proprioceptive hypothesis |
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147 | (1) |
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The nociceptive hypothesis |
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148 | (1) |
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Resolving restrictions using PRT |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (4) |
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153 | (1) |
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Additional stretching techniques |
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153 | (6) |
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153 | (1) |
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Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) variations |
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154 | (1) |
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Active isolated stretching (AIS) |
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154 | (1) |
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Yoga stretching (and static stretching) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (5) |
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159 | (78) |
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The vertebral column: a structural wonder |
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159 | (7) |
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Cervical vertebral structure |
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162 | (1) |
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The upper and lower cervical functional units |
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163 | (3) |
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Movements of the cervical spine |
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166 | (2) |
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Upper cervical (occipitocervical) ligaments |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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Assessment of the cervical region |
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168 | (19) |
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169 | (1) |
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Functional features of the cervical spine |
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170 | (1) |
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Muscular and fascial features |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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Circulatory features and thoracic outlet syndrome |
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171 | (1) |
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Cervical spinal dysfunction |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (5) |
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Assessment becomes treatment |
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179 | (2) |
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Assessment and treatment of occipitoatlantal restriction (C0--C1) |
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181 | (1) |
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Functional release of atlantooccipital joint |
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182 | (1) |
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Translation assessment for cervical spine (C2--7) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Alternative positional release approach |
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184 | (1) |
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SCS cervical flexion restriction method |
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184 | (1) |
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SCS cervical extension restriction method |
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185 | (1) |
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Stiles' (1984) general procedure using MET for cervical restriction |
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185 | (1) |
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Harakal's (1975) cooperative isometric technique (MET) |
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186 | (1) |
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Cervical treatment: sequencing |
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187 | (50) |
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Cervical planes and layers |
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187 | (1) |
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Posterior cervical region |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (2) |
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NMT for upper trapezius in supine position |
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190 | (1) |
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MET treatment of upper trapezius |
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191 | (2) |
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Myofascial release of upper trapezius |
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193 | (1) |
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Variation of myofascial release |
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194 | (1) |
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NMT: cervical lamina gliding techniques-supine |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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NMT techniques for splenii tendons |
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198 | (1) |
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Spinalis capitis and cervicis |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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Rotatores longus and brevis |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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MET treatment of levator scapula |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Rectus capitis posterior minor |
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207 | (1) |
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Rectus capitis posterior major |
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208 | (1) |
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Obliquus capitis superior |
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208 | (1) |
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Obliquus capitis inferior |
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208 | (1) |
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NMT for suboccipital group -- supine |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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General anterior neck muscle stretch utilizing MET |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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Treatment of shortened SCM using MET |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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NMT for infrahyoid muscles |
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219 | (2) |
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Soft tissue technique derived from osteopathic methodology |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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NMT for longus colli and capitis |
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223 | (1) |
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MET stretch of longus capitis |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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NMT for rectus capitis lateralis |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (2) |
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Treatment of short scalenes by MET |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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NMT for posterior cervical lamina-prone position |
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232 | (1) |
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NMT for posterior cranial attachments |
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233 | (4) |
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237 | (58) |
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237 | (26) |
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238 | (5) |
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243 | (3) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (3) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (2) |
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256 | (4) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (3) |
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Cranial treatment techniques |
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263 | (32) |
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263 | (1) |
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Mimetic muscles of the epicranium |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Temporoparietalis and auricular muscles |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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Positional release method for occipitofrontalis |
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266 | (1) |
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Mimetic muscles of the circumorbital and palpebral region |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Mimetic muscles of the nasal region |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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Mimetic muscles of the buccolabial region |
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268 | (1) |
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NMT for buccolabial region |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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External palpation and treatment of craniomandibular muscles |
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269 | (1) |
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|
269 | (7) |
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276 | (2) |
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Massage/myofascial stretch treatment of masseter |
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278 | (1) |
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Positional release for masseter |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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External palpation and treatment of styloid and mastoid processes |
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280 | (1) |
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Intraoral palpation and treatment of craniomandibular muscles |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Intraoral NMT applications |
|
|
281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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NMT for intraoral temporalis tendon |
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282 | (1) |
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|
282 | (2) |
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NMT for intraoral masseter |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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NMT for intraoral lateral pterygoid |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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NMT for intraoral medial pterygoid |
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|
287 | (1) |
|
Musculature of the soft palate |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
NMT for muscles of the tongue |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Suprahyoid muscles -- the floor of the mouth |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
NMT for intraoral floor of mouth |
|
|
292 | (3) |
|
|
|
295 | (126) |
|
|
|
295 | (82) |
|
Key joints affecting the shoulder |
|
|
296 | (6) |
|
|
|
302 | (7) |
|
|
|
309 | (4) |
|
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Pectoralis major or minor |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Is the patient's pain a soft tissue or a joint problem? |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (5) |
|
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
|
320 | (5) |
|
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
NMT for trapezius attachments |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Lief's NMT for upper trapezius area |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
MET treatment of upper trapezius |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
Myofascial release of upper trapezius |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
MET treatment of levator scapula |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
|
331 | (2) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
NMT treatment of supraspinatus |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
MET treatment of supraspinatus |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
MET treatment of short infraspinatus |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
MFR treatment of short infraspinatus |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
PRT treatment of infraspinatus |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (2) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
MET treatment of latissimus dorsi |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
NMT for serratus anterior |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (4) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Alternative MET for pectoralis major |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Direct (bilateral) myofascial stretch of shortened pectoralis minor |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (2) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
MET for painful biceps brachii tendon |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
|
|
377 | (12) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
The ligaments of the elbow |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (3) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
NMT for pronator quadratus |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (32) |
|
Capsule and ligaments of the wrist |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (3) |
|
Key (osteopathic) principles for care of elbow, forearm and wrist dysfunction |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (4) |
|
Carpometacarpal ligaments |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Metacarpophalangeal ligaments |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
Anterior forearm treatment |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (2) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Flexor digitorum superficialis |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Flexor digitorum profundus |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
MET for shortness in extensors of the wrist and hand |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
PRT for wrist dysfunction |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
MFR for areas of fibrosis or hypertonicity |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Posterior forearm treatment |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
Extensor carpi radialis longus |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Extensor carpi radialis brevis |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
NMT for superficial posterior forearm |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
NMT for deep posterior forearm |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Intrinsic hand muscle treatment |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Thenar muscles and adductor pollicis |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
NMT for palmar and dorsal hand |
|
|
418 | (3) |
|
|
|
421 | (34) |
|
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
Structural features of the thoracic spine |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Structural features of the ribs |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Structural features of the sternum |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (6) |
|
Identification of spinal levels |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Palpation method for upper thoracic segmental facilitation |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Red reflex assessment (reactive hyperemia) |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Biomechanics of rotation in the thoracic spine |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Observation of restriction patterns in thoracic spine |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Breathing wave assessment |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Breathing wave -- evaluation of spinal motion during inhalation/exhalation |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Passive motion testing for the thoracic spine |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Flexion and extension assessment of T1--4 |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Flexion and extension assessment of T5--12 |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Sideflexion palpation of thoracic spine |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Rotation palpation of thoracic spine |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
Prone segmental testing for rotation |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (6) |
|
Respiratory function assessment |
|
|
429 | (3) |
|
Palpation for trigger point activity |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Alternative categorization of muscles |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Specific 1st rib palpation |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Test and treatment for elevated and depressed ribs |
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
Tests for rib motion restrictions |
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Thoracic treatment techniques |
|
|
435 | (20) |
|
Posterior superficial thoracic muscles |
|
|
435 | (3) |
|
NMT: posterior thoracic gliding techniques |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
NMT for muscles of the thoracic lamina groove |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Rotatores longus and brevis |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
NMT for thoracic (and lumbar) lamina groove muscles |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
PR method for paraspinal musculature: induration technique |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Serratus posterior superior |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Serratus posterior inferior |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Levatores costarum longus and brevis |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Influences of abdominal muscles |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
MET release for diaphragm |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (3) |
| Index |
|
455 | |
