New edition of a reference that presents current, thorough, and clinically relevant material crucial for emergency departments. It includes not only succinct discussions of basic disease processes and differential diagnosis, but also information on the role of the consultant, patient disposition, indications for admission, acceptable alternatives to admission (i.e. outpatient treatment), guidelines for transfer, medico-legal issues, and clinical pitfalls. Editor-in-chief Ann Harwood-Nuss (emergency medicine, U. of Florida Health Science Center) presents 415 contributions that cover chief complaints; surgical, general medical, and environmental emergencies; trauma; pediatrics; toxicology; and essentials of administrative and clinical issues. The book contains some b&w illustrations. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Introduction The Approach to the Emergency Department Patient 1(5) Robert L. Wears SECTION I CHIEF COMPLAINT Suzanne Moore Shephered Chest Pain 6(3) Robert Zalenski Rebecca R. Roberts Abdominal Pain 9(3) Beth Anne DeGennaro Sheldon Jacobson Cough 12(4) Frank Birinyi Douglas A. Rund Dyspnea 16(5) C. Keith Stone D. Shannon Waters Fever and Night Sweats 21(6) Harold A. Thomas Jr. James H. Bryan Edema 27(4) J. Stephan Stapczynski Approach to Coma and Transient Loss of Consciousness 31(4) Rebecca A. Seip Marcus L. Martin The Weak Patient 35(7) Phillip G. Fairweather Andy Jagoda SECTION II SURGICAL EMERGENCIES Ann Harwood-Nuss PART I. Emergency Aspects of Ophthalmology The Ophthalmic Examination 42(5) Geoffrey Broocker Acute Eye Infections 47(6) Robert S. Porter Common Ophthalmic Medications 53(4) Geoffrey Broocker Acute Visual Disturbances 57(5) Catherine A. Marco Acute Angle-Closure Glaucoma 62(9) William Bozeman Orbital and Periorbital Infections in Children and Adults 71(4) David A. Kramer Ronald S. Benenson PART II. Emergency Aspects of Dental and Oral Surgery Toothache and Common Periodontal Problems 75(3) Alan Hodgdon Postoperative Complications from Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 78(4) James T. Amsterdam Temporomandibular Joint Disease 82(2) Barry H. Hendler Dental, Oral, and Salivary Gland Infections 84(6) James T. Amsterdam PART III. Emergency Aspects of Otolaryngology Adult Epiglottitis 90(4) Michael F. Murphy Blaine A. Kent Acute Infections of the Adult Pharynx and Laryngitis 94(5) William Levin Gabriel R. Wilson Sinusitis 99(3) Eric T. Boie Rhinitis 102(3) Michael J. Foley Gregory P. Moore Mastoiditis 105(2) James A. Pfaff Nasal Hemorrhage 107(4) Todd C. Rothenhaus Ian D. Paul Foreign Bodies in the Ear, Nose, and Throat in Children and Adults 111(5) Raquel M. Schears Acute Hearing Loss 116(4) John Isaacs Jr. Vertigo and Labyrinthine Disorders 120(6) Eileen M. Raynor Robert D. Herr Acute Otitis Media in Adults 126(3) Harry W. Severance Acute Otitis Externa 129(4) Harry W. Severance Nontraumatic Upper Airway Obstruction 133(4) Joseph E. Clinfon The Neck Mass in Adults and Children 137(4) Ted A. McMurry Emergency Aspects of Head and Neck Neoplasms 141(6) Eileen M. Raynor PART IV. Emergency Aspects of General Surgery Emergencies of Artificial Conduits 147(6) Karen DeFazio Brian Mongillo Surgical Causes of Abdominal Pain 153(4) Robert M. McNamara Abdominal Mass 157(5) David D. Cassidy Abdominal Pain in the Elderly 162(6) Diane M. Birnbaumer Katherine Bakes Breast Masses and Breast Infection 168(3) John M. Howell Ellen M. Dugan Esophageal and Gastric Neoplasms 171(4) Jonathan Glauser Acute Diseases of the Gallbladder 175(4) Lance D. Wilson Surgical Causes of Jaundice 179(2) Byron C. Scott Jay L. Falk Acute Appendicitis 181(4) Brian K. Snyder Bowel Obstruction 185(3) Philip L. Henneman Hernias 188(3) Sharon Elizabeth Mace Colonic Neoplasms 191(3) Jonathan Glauser Colinic Diverticular Disease 194(3) Michael D. Witting Annie T. Sadosty Perianal, Rectal, and Anal Diseases 197(4) Leonard Samuels PART V. Emergency Aspects of Vascular Surgery Nontraumatic Carotid Artery Emergencies 201(3) James W. Dennis Emergency Aspects of Peripheral Vascular Insufficiency 204(2) Henry C. Veldenz Septic Thrombophlebitis 206(2) Timothy C. Flynn Complications of Vascular Grafts 208(3) Timothy C. Flynn Aortic Dissection and Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms 211(5) Shawna J. Perry Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm 216(3) Robert L. Wears Mesenteric Ischemia and Infraction 219(4) Kendall Ho Ron M. Walls PART VI. Emergency Aspects of Orthopedic Surgery Painful Syndromes of the Hand and Wrist 223(8) Jeffrey B. Nemhauser Michael I. Greenberg Hand Infections 231(9) Carl R. Chudnofsky Low Back Pain 240(6) David Della-Giustina Common Foot Disorders 246(2) Valerie Dobiesz Neylan Louis G. Poulos Bone and Soft-Tissue Neoplasms 248(4) Joseph A. Buckwalter PART VII. Emergency Aspects of Neurosurgery Intracranial Neoplasms 252(6) Collette Ditz Wyte Elizabeth A. Hatfield Cranial Nerve Emergencies 258(9) Michael T. Pulley PART VIII. Emergency Aspects of Urology Male Urologic Infections 267(5) David S. Howes Erica E. Remer Urinary Tract Infections in Women 272(6) Eric T. Boie Deepi G. Goyal Annie T. Sadosty Calculous Disease of the Kidney and Bladder 278(6) James E. Lingeman Jeffrey A. Moody Christopher P. Steidle Mark C. Adams Genitourinary Neoplasms 284(8) Romano DeMarco Michael O. Koch Urinary Incontinence and Retention 292(5) Norman E. Peterson Cutaneous Lesions of the Male Genitalia 297(4) Stephen W. Bretz Acute Scrotal Mass 301(9) Robert E. Schneider Miscellaneous Urologic Conditions 310(4) Douglas McGee PART IX. Emergency Aspects of Obstetrics Complications of Fertility Regulation Methods 314(2) Andrew M. Kaunitz Pregnancy Testing 316(2) Howard A. Werman Drugs in Pregnancy 318(7) Mary H. Stewart Complications of Induced Abortions 325(3) James L. Jones Andrew M. Kaunitz Vaginal Bleeding in Early Pregnancy 328(6) Edward Newton Sean O. Henderson Ectopic Pregnancy 334(6) G. Richard Braen Richard S. Krause Common Medical Diseases in Pregnancy 340(12) John F. Huddleston Donald C. Willis Infections in Pregnancy 352(7) Carol C. Coulson Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 359(4) Sean O. Henderson Edward Newton Emergencies of Late Pregnancy 363(4) Moss H. Mendelson Emergency Delivery and Related Topics 367(6) Lynnette Doan-Wiggins Postpartum Emergencies 373(6) Moss H. Mendelson PART X. Emergency Aspects of Gynecology Gynecologic Causes of Abdominal Pain 379(5) Patrice M. Ringo Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 384(3) Alfred Sacchetti Non-Pregnancy-Related Vaginal Bleeding 387(2) Eric Anderson H. Trent MacKay Amenorrhea 389(3) Stuart P. Swadron William K. Mallon Vaginitis 392(3) Constance S. Greene Gynecologic Cancers 395(5) Guy I. Benrubi Robert C. Nuss Ann Harwood-Nuss The Adnexal Mass 400(4) Robert C. Nuss Sexual Assault 404(6) Gwendolyn L. Hoffman SECTION III TRAUMA Suzanne Moore Shepherd PART I. General Considerations General Principles of Trauma 410(6) Peter Rosen Trauma Scoring Systems 416(5) Charles L. Emerman Thomas E. Collins Injury Prevention 421(9) B. Tilman Jolly Out-of-Hospital Care and Transport of the Trauma Patient 430(3) Juan A. March C. Crawford Mechem Trauma Airway Management 433(8) Kevin R. Ward Traumatic Shock 441(8) James Manning Samir M. Fakhry Wound Management 449(11) Judd E. Hollander Adam Singer PART II. System Considerations Head Injuries 460(5) Pierre Borczuk Stephen H. Thomas Maxillofacial Injuries 465(10) Suzanne Moore Shepherd Iris M. Reyes Dental Injuries 475(5) Brigitte M. Baumann Laura B. Thomas Eye Trauma 480(6) William H. Shoff Suzanne Moore Shepherd Neck Injuries 486(9) Gerard R. Cox Brigitte M. Baumann Spinal Cord Injuries 495(6) Brian D. Mahoney Pulmonary and Pleural Injuries 501(5) C. Keith Stone Ron Forrest Koury Blunt and Penetrating Cardiac Injuries 506(3) Lee W. Shockley Great Vessel Injuries 509(6) Daniel S. Gabbay Patrick M. Reilly Bony Thorax and Diaphragm Injuries 515(3) Vincent J. Markovchick Joanne Edney Thoracic Esophageal Injuries 518(2) Brian Tiffany Robert C. Jorden Blunt Abdominal Trauma 520(5) Kevin M. Curtis Vicente H. Gracias Penetrating Abdominal Trauma 525(4) Vicente H. Gracias Kevin M. Curtis Genitourinary Trauma 529(5) B. Tilman Jolly Scott D. Weir Peripheral Vascular Injuries 534(3) Peter T. Pons PART III. Orthopedic Considerations Approach to Musculoskeletal Injuries 537(11) David F. Gaieski Joseph Bernstein Shoulder Injuries 548(7) Jeffrey Schaider Robert Simon Elbow Injuries 555(5) Jefferson D. Bracey Alok Saxena Hand, Wrist, and Elbow Injuries 560(18) Suzanne Moore Shepherd Jeffrey Desmond Carl R. Chudnofsky William H. Shoff Back Pain and Injury 578(3) Robert S. Hockberger Martin OBryan Pelvic Fractures 581(5) Paula S. Wadbrook Charles V. Pollack Jr. Hip Injuries 586(6) Norberto Adame Jr. Timothy Seay Knee Injuries 592(7) John E. Gough Nicholas H. Benson Injuries of the Ankle and Foot 599(7) Daniel R. Martin Wenzel Tirheimer PART IV. Special Considerations Replantation 606(3) Steven C. Larson Iris M. Reyes High-Pressure Injection Injuries of the Hand 609(3) Paul Blackburn Acute Compartment Syndrome 612(4) Steven C. Larson Blast Injuries 616(3) J. Stephen Stapczynski Trauma in Pregnancy 619(5) Andy Jagoda Stuart G. Kessler Burns 624(5) Janet Talbot-Stern Hanging and Strangulation Injuries 629(2) Yevgeniy Gincherman Edward T. Dickinson Trauma in the Elderly 631(6) Suzanne Moore Shepherd William H. Shoff PART V. Special Procedures Ultrasound 637(11) Sarah A. Stahmer Verena T. Valley SECTION IV GENERAL MEDICAL EMERGENCIES Allan B. Wolfson PART I. Cardiovascular Disease Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation 648(9) Arthur B. Sanders Acute Respiratory Insufficiency 657(6) Paul E. Pepe Ischemic Heart Disease, Angina Pectoris, and Myocardial Infarction 663(8) James T. Nieman Cardiogenic Shock 671(3) Brian R. Tiffany Robert C. Jorden Congestive Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale 674(5) James T. Nieman Bradyarrhythmias 679(6) Mary B. Staten-MCCormick David Overton Tachyarrhythmias 685(10) Scott R. Votey Mel Herbert Jerome R. Hoffman The Patient with a Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator 695(5) Robert M. Rodriguez Valvular Heart Disease 700(4) Joseph P. Ornato Acute Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade 704(3) Franklin D. Pratt Howard A. Bessen Deep Venous Thrombosis and Thrombophlebitis 707(3) Edward a. Panacek J. Douglas Kirk Infectious Endocarditis 710(7) Corey M. Slovis Rebecca R. Roberts Syncope 717(3) Jay M. Goldman Thomas P. Martin Hypertension 720(6) Katerina T. Parmele Alison J. McDonald PART II. Pulmonary Disease Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome 726(3) Darryl J. Macias Joe Alcock Pneumonia 729(7) Gregory J. Moran David A. Talan Pleural Effusion 736(4) Robert Sigillito Peter M. C. Deblieux Asthma 740(6) Rita K. Cydulka Michael A. Kaufman Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 746(3) Erica E. Remer David S. Howes Lung Cancer 749(2) Marc Borenstein Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum 751(2) Susan M. Dunmire Pulmonary Embolism 753(3) Susan M. Dunmire Hemoptysis 756(2) Steven J. Parrillo Sarcoidosis 758(4) Steven J. Parrillo Christopher C. Rose PART III. Gastrointestinal Disease Esophageal Disease 762(5) Charles M. Seamens Allan B. Wolfson Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding 767(5) Edward A. Panacek Peptic Ulcer Disease 772(4) Dale S. Birenbaum David J. Vukich Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies 776(3) Valerie C. Norton Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer 779(4) David C. Seaberg Allan B. Wolfson Hepatitis 783(8) Joel M. Geiderman Mark J. Ault Heptic Failure and Cirrhosis 791(2) David M. Cline E. Jackson Allison Jr. The Patient with a Liver Transplant 793(4) Eric Savitsky Scott R. Votey Don Mebust Nonsurgical Causes of Abdominal Pain 797(4) Darrell C. Sandel Sheldon Jacobson Inflammatory Bowel Disease 801(2) Howard A. Werman Diarrhea and Proctitis 803(6) Philip N. Salen Michael B. Heller Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding 809(4) Daniel T. Schelble David J. Peter PART IV. Renal, Metabolic, and Endocrine Disease Acid-Base Disturbances 813(4) Robert Shesser Diabetic Ketoacidosis 817(3) Michael D. Rush Robert A. Schwab Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Coma 820(3) Dana Pope Leslie S. Zun Diabetes Mellitus 823(7) Scott R. Votey Anne L. Peters Hypoglycemia 830(4) Scott R. Votey Anne L. Peters Alcoholic Ketoacidosis 834(2) Stephen L. Adams Laura J. Bontempo Thyroid Emergencies 836(6) T. Eugene Ragland Robert C. Urbanic Adrenal and Pituitary Disorders 842(5) Clare T. Sercombe Louis J. Ling Disorders of Sodium and Water Metabolism 847(6) Sandra A. Craig John A. Marx Disorders of Potassium Metabolism 853(5) Frank G. Walter Elisabeth F. Bilden Disorders of Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus 858(5) Daniel R. Martin Marc B. Schnapper Azotemia and Acute Renal Failure 863(4) Todd C. Rothenhaus Samuel A. McLean Chronic Renal Failure and Dialysis-Related Emergencies 867(6) Allan B. Wolfson The Patient with a Renal Transplant 873(3) Louis G. Graff Rhabdomyolysis 876(4) Mark T. Steele Hematuria 880(3) James P. dEtienne Steven A. Godwin PART V. Infectious Disease Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections 883(5) Alexander T. Trott Tetanus 888(3) James J. Mathews Kaveh Ilkhanipour Meningitis and Encephalitis 891(5) Raymond J. Roberge Richard Mark Kaplan Central Nervous System Abscess 896(3) Ralph J. Riviello Douglas A. Rund Gonorrhea 899(4) Rodney Smith Syphilis 903(4) Richard Wolfe Lyme Disease 907(5) Edward B. Bolgiano Robert A. Barish Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever 912(4) Michael A. Gibbs Tuberculosis 916(5) Gregory J. Moran David A. Talan Infectious Mononucleosis 921(2) David Anthony Jerrard Influenza 923(3) Jonathan S. Olshaker Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Related Disorders 926(9) Richard E. Rothman Catherine A. Marco Gabor D. Kelen Spinal Infections 935(2) Ellen H. Taliaferro Allan B. Wolfson Toxic Shock Syndromes 937(2) Frederick M. Schiavone Bacteremia and Septic Shock 939(4) J. Stephan Stapozynski Infections in the Compromised Host 943(6) Judith C. Brillman Sarah A. Stahmer Parasitic Disease 949(6) Richard J. Ryan Blood and Body Fluid Exposures in the Health-Care Worker 955(6) Peter E. Sokolove PART VI. Neurologic Disease Altered Mental Status and Coma 961(4) Gregory L. Henry Organic Brain Syndrome 965(4) Sandra M. Schneider Headache 969(9) E. John Gallagher Adrienne J. Birnbaum Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 978(5) Phil Fontanarosa Clifton Callaway Cerebrovascular Disease 983(12) Phillip A. Scott William G. Barsan Peripheral Neuropathies 995(4) Phyllis A. Vallee Kevin M. Reilly Myopathies and Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission 999(6) James J. Walter Seizures 1005(6) Andy Jagoda Silvana Riggio Demyelinating Disease 1011(4) Adrienne J. Birnbaum Parkinsonism 1015(2) Brendan R. Furlong Drug-Induced Hyperthermic Syndromes 1017(4) Sandra M. Schneider PART VII. Hematology/Oncology Bleeding Disorders 1021(7) Kathleen C. Hubbell Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, and Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome 1028(5) Kathleen C. Hubbell Sickle Cell Disease 1033(4) Donald M. Yealy Larry D. Weiss Anemia 1037(3) Louis S. Binder Transfusion Reactions and Complications 1040(5) Gregory W. Hendey Hematologic Malignancies 1045(2) Daniel Brookoff The Cancer Patient in the Emergency Department 1047(6) Daniel Brookoff PART VIII. Allergy and Immunology Anaphylaxis 1053(4) David N. Zull Angioedema 1057(1) Joyce M. Mitchell-Savinsky Drug Allergy and Other Drug Reactions 1058(5) Donna Kinser PART IX. Rheumatology Monoarticular Arthritis 1063(4) Alan C. Heffner Stephen A. Coluciello Polyarticular Arthritis 1067(4) Harold A. Thomas Jr. Richard S. Hartoch Multisystem Autoimmune Disease 1071(7) Laurie Vande Krol Theodore I. Benzer PART X. Dermatology Papulosquamous Eruptions 1078(5) John J. Kelly William H. Spivey Blistering Disorders 1083(3) M. Andrew Levitt Purpuric Eruptions 1086(4) Steven M. Joyce Stephen C. Hartsell Urticaria 1090(2) Theodore A. Christopher Joseph D. Kim Life-Threatening Dermatoses 1092(6) Alan T. Forstater Kenneth J. Neuberger Pigmented Lesions and Skin Tumors 1098(6) Thomas P. Graham George W. Go PART XI. Psychiatry Medical Clearance: Distinguishing Medical and Psychiatric Causes of Disturbed Behavior 1104(2) Philliph I. Bialecki Douglas A. Rund William R. Dubin Depression and Suicide 1106(3) Robert S. Hockberger Roger Yang Acute Psychiatric Illness in the Emergency Department 1109(5) Douglas A. Rund Philliph I. Bialecki Factitious Illness, Malingering, and Conversion Disorder 1114(6) Jeffrey Dubin Mark Smith SECTION V PEDIATRICS Phyllis Hendry Stenklyft PART I. Resuscitation Newborn Resuscitation 1120(5) Brian P. Gilligan Pediatric Resuscitation 1125(8) John A. Brennan Neena Gupta Rapid-Sequence Induction in Children 1133(4) Robert C. Luten Phyllis Hendry Stenklyft Shock 1137(4) Lucian K. DeNicola James H. McCrory Vascular Access in Children 1141(4) Talaat A. Abdelmoneim Lucian K. DeNicola PART II. Signs and Symptoms Abdominal Pain 1145(2) Javier I. Escobar II Steven A. Godwin Altered Mental Status 1147(4) Lindsey Alan Johnson Apnea 1151(3) Ghazala Q. Sharieff Chest Pain 1154(2) Edward J. Bayne Carissa J. Kostecki Constipation 1156(2) Elisa Alter Zenni Crying, Fussy Infant 1158(3) Naghma S. Khan Agoritsa G. Baka Dehydration 1161(2) Naghma S. Khan Diarrhea 1163(4) Ghazala Q. Sharieff Failure to Thrive 1167(1) Marc Linares Bruce J. Quinn Fever and Petechiae 1168(3) R. Kemp Crockett Elizabeth Rincon Fever of Acute Onset 1171(6) Maureen D. McCollough David A. Talan Gastrointestinal Bleeding 1177(4) Michael O. Gayle Niranjan Kissoon Headache 1181(3) Laurie Jeanne Burton Harold K. Simon Heart Murmurs 1184(2) Edward J. Bayne Hematuria 1186(3) Lina Abujamra Madeline Matar Joseph Intoxications 1189(6) Jay L. Schauben Dawn Ruskosky-Sollee Limp 1195(4) Jonathan I. Singer Respiratory Distress 1199(4) Bruce Quinn Marc Linares Seizures 1203(3) Christopher S. Kennedy Vomiting 1206(3) Anthony P. Pohlgeers PART III. Specific Diseases Abuse: Sexual 1209(3) J. M. Whitworth Abuse and Neglect: Physical 1212(2) J. M. Whitworth Appendicitis 1214(3) Maureen D. McCollough Asthma 1217(7) Jeffrey F. Linzer Bleeding Disorders 1224(4) James L. Harper Paul A. Pitel Bronchiolitis 1228(2) Kathy N. Shaw Cellulitis 1230(3) Christopher S. Kennedy Madhumita Sinha Congenital Heart Disease, Congestive Heart Failure, and Other Cardiac Presentations 1233(5) Randall M. Bryant Croup and Epiglottitis 1238(3) Timothy G. Givens Diabetic Ketoacidosis 1241(3) Timothy G. Givens Diaper Rash 1244(2) Lindsey Alan Johnson Exanthems 1246(5) Mary A. Hegenbarth Eye Disorders 1251(9) Janet G. Alteveer Kathryn McCans Foreign-Body Ingestion 1260(1) Linda L. Settle Glomerulonephritis and the Nephrotic Syndrome 1261(6) Asad Tolaymat Anne Schaefer Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 1267(5) Ronald M. Ferdman Jeffrey F. Linzer Immunizations 1272(3) Mary A. Hegenbarth Hisham A. Omran Impetigo 1275(1) Jeffrey G. Michael Jane F. Knapp Infestations: Scabies, Lice, and Pinworms 1276(4) R. Wayne Wolfram Kevin R. Kowaleski Eugene Izsak Amy S. Spangler Intussusception 1280(2) Jonathan I. Singer Kawasaki Disease 1282(2) James A. Wilde Lymphadenitis 1284(2) Nizar F. Maraqa Mobeen H. Rathore Meningitis and Encephalitis 1286(6) James A. Wilde Newborn Problems 1292(8) Michael O. Gayle Niranjan Kissoon Nursemaids Elbow 1300(1) Julide Ayse Ozan Osgood-Schlatter Disease 1301(1) Todd Wylie Otitis Externa 1302(1) Katalin I. Koranyi Otitis Media and Mastoiditis 1303(3) Katalin I. Koranyi Pertussis 1306(2) Samir Midani Hanif Kamal Acute Pharyngitis 1308(1) Karen Camasso-Richardson Martha S. Wright Pneumonia 1309(6) David A. Schaeffer Pyloric Stenosis 1315(1) Maureen Campbell Lisa Horton Rheumatic Fever 1316(2) Robert D. Schremmer Jane F. Knapp Sickling Syndromes 1318(3) Paul A. Pitel James L. Harper Sinusitis 1321(1) Elizabeth A. Wedemeyer Vinay M. Nadkarni Submersion Injuries 1322(2) Madeleine Matar Joseph Lisa Santer Torticollis 1324(2) Gregory G. Gaar Urinary Tract Infections 1326(3) Thomas G. McLoughlin Jr. Ventricular Shunt Problems 1329(4) Naghma S. Khan Geoffrey Jackman PART IV. Pediatric Trauma Multiple Trauma 1333(10) Thom A. Mayer Hemorrhagic Shock 1343(4) Thom A. Mayer Head Trauma 1347(4) Dee Hodge III Kimberly S. Quayle Evaluation of the Cervical Spine 1351(5) David M. Cosentino Francis M. Fesmire Abdominal Trauma 1356(3) Khaled Multabagani Donna A. Caniano Burns 1359(5) Donna A. Caniano Marc Downing Fractures and Sports Injuries 1364(5) Christopher S. Kennedy Facial Trauma 1369(5) Barry Steinberg PART V. Administrative and Clinical Issues Sedation and Pain Management 1374(4) William F. Coombs Emergency Medical Services for Children 1378(5) Deborah Mulligan-Smith Dealing with Death or Catastrophic Illness 1383(3) Phyllis Hendry Stenklyft Optimal Pediatric Care in a Nonpediatric Emergency Department 1386(6) John P. Santamaria SECTION VI TOXICOLOGY Christopher H. Linden Approach to the Poisoned Patient 1392(12) William A. Watson Christopher H. Linden Acetaminophen Poisoning 1404(4) Jeffrey Brent Anticholinergic Poisoning 1408(3) Jeffrey Brent Kenneth W. Kulig Antidysrhythmic Drug Poisoning 1411(4) S. Rutherfoord Rose James E. Cisek Antidepressant Poisoning 1415(4) Keith K. Burkhart Antihistamine Poisoning 1419(2) Andis Graudins Antimalarial Poisoning 1421(3) J. Ward Donovan Aromatic Hydrocarbon Poisoning 1424(2) Jeffrey Tucker Barbiturate Poisoning 1426(4) Margaret M. McCarron Arsenic and Mercury Poisoning 1430(4) Jay L. Schauben Benzodiazepine Poisoning 1434(5) Thomas R. Caraccio Howard C. Mofenson Robin McFee Beta-Blocker Poisoning 1439(4) Christopher H. Linden Calcium Channel Blocker Poisoning 1443(2) G. Randall Bond Carbamazepine Poisoning 1445(2) Marco L. A. Sivilotti Carbon Monoxide Poisoning 1447(2) Kent R. Olson Centrally Acting Antihypertensive Agent Poisoning 1449(3) James R. Roberts Sharona Bryant Chemical and Biologic Warfare Agent Poisoning 1452(11) Michael J. Burns Christopher H. Linden Cocaine 1463(5) Richard D. Shih Judd E. Hollander Complications of Alcohol Abuse 1468(6) Cynthia K. Aaron Thomas A. Brunell Complications of Injection Drug Use 1474(4) James A. Feldman Susan S. Fish Complications of Parenteral Drug Therapy 1478(3) Robert P. Ferm Corrosive Ingestions 1481(5) Robert P. Dowsett Christopher H. Linden Cyanide Poisoning 1486(2) Alan H. Hall Digitalis Poisoning 1488(3) Richard D. Gerkin Jr. Thomas J. Higgins Jr. Disk Battery Exposures 1491(3) Toby Litovitz Disulfiram Poisoning 1494(2) Edward P. Krenzelok Dystonic Reactions 1496(2) Mary A. McCormick Anthony S. Manoguerra Ergot Alkaloid Poisoning 1498(3) Leslie S. Carroll Donald B. Kunkel Ethanol, Isopropanol, and Acetone Poisoning 1501(2) Susan S. Fish Ethylene Glycol Poisoning 1503(4) Michael J. Burns Francis P. Renzi Fluoride and Hydrofluoric Acid Poisoning 1507(3) Andis Graudins Food Poisoning 1510(3) Marc C. Restuccia Hallucinogen Poisoning 1513(4) Christopher H. Linden Halogenated Hydrocarbon Poisoning 1517(3) Mohamud R. Daya Herbicide Poisoning 1520(3) William J. Lewander Christopher H. Linden Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning 1523(2) Daniel R. Douglas Martin J. Smilkstein Iron Poisoning 1525(3) Jeffrey R. Suchard Steven C. Curry Irritant Gas Inhalation 1528(4) Philip A. Edelman Isoniazid Poisoning 1532(2) Alan D. Woolf Lead Poisoning 1534(3) Steven M. Marcus Lithium Poisoning 1537(2) Kenneth W. Kulig Local Anesthetic Poisoning 1539(2) Donna L. Seger Heeten J. Desai Methanol Poisoning 1541(3) Dag Jacobsen Methemoglobinemia 1544(3) Steven C. Curry David A. Tanen Methylxanthine Poisoning 1547(3) Pierre Gaudreault Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor Poisoning 1550(5) Michael J. Burns Mushroom Poisoning 1555(4) Christopher H. Linden Robert P. Dowsett Neuroleptic Poisoning 1559(4) Christopher H. Linden Nicotine, Pyrethrin, and Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticide Poisoning 1563(4) William K. Chiang Richard Y. Wang Ronald B. Mack Nonsteroidal Antinflammatory Agent Poisoning 1567(3) Marco L. A. Sivilotti Nutritional Supplements and Vitamins 1570(5) Andrew R. Topliff Opioid Poisoning 1575(4) William H. Dribben Brent Furbee Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticides 1579(4) Jeanmarie Perrone Stephanie B. Abbuhl Petroleum Distillate Poisoning 1583(3) Sophia Dyer Michael W. Shannon Phencyclidine Poisoning 1586(2) Andis Graudins Phentoin Poisoning 1588(3) Thomas E. Kearney Plant Poisoning 1591(9) David G. Spoerke Rodenticide Poisoning 1600(4) Richard D. Shih Robert S. Hoffman Salicylate Poisoning 1604(4) Christopher H. Linden Seafood Toxin Poisoning 1608(5) Robert P. Dowsett Sedative-Hypnotic Poisoning 1613(4) Barbara Insley Crouch Fred M. Henretig The Serotonin Syndrome 1617(3) Andis Graudins Sympathomimetic Poisoning 1620(3) Christine Haller Paul R. Pentel Terpene Poisoning 1623(1) Louis J. Ling Thyroid Hormone Poisoning 1624(2) Milton Tennenbein Valproate Poisoning 1626(2) Gregory G. Gaar Withdrawal Syndromes 1628(8) Paul M. Wax SECTION VII ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES Christopher H. Linden PART I. Bites and Stings Black Widow Spider Envenomations 1636(2) Steven C. Curry Thomas J. Higgins Jr. Brown Recluse Spider Envenomations 1638(2) Gary S. Wasserman Crotalid Snake Envenomations 1640(3) Richard C. Dart John B. Sullivan Jr. Elapid Snake Envenomations 1643(1) Richard C. Dart John B. Sullivan Jr. Mammal Bites and Associated Infections 1644(4) Stephen J. Playe Richard V. Aghababian Hymenoptera Envenomation 1648(2) Paul A. Janson Richard J. Iseke Insect Bites and Infestations 1650(3) Constance G. Nichols Marine Envenomations 1653(4) Kenneth W. Kizer Scorpion Envenomation 1657(4) Jeffrey R. Suchard Steven C. Curry PART II. Cold-, Heat-, and Pressure-Related Illness and Injury Cold-Induced Tissue Injuries 1661(3) Federico Gonzalez Kenneth Leong Hypothermia 1664(3) Joseph J. Currier Heat- and Sun-Related Illnesses 1667(4) Eric W. Schmidt Constance G. Nichols PART III. Dysbaric Emergencies Arterial Gas Embolism 1671(2) Christopher H. Linden Barotrauma 1673(2) Christopher J. Degnen Decompression Sickness 1675(2) Christopher J. Degnen High-Altitude Illness 1677(2) David M. Richardson Venous Air Embolism 1679(3) Christopher H. Linden PART IV. Other Environmental Emergencies Electrical Injuries 1682(2) Peter L. Sosnow Lightning Injuries 1684(3) David F. M. Brown Radiation Accidents 1687(3) Irvin N. Heifetz Smoke Inhalation 1690(4) Christopher H. Linden Submersion Injuries 1694(4) Gregory A. Volturo SECTION VIII ESSENTIALS OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND CLINICAL ISSUES IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT Christopher H. Linden PART I. Administrative and Operational Aspects of Emergency Medicine Airmedical Services 1698(4) Kenneth A. Williams Disaster Planning and Management 1702(3) Lucille Gans Informatics 1705(3) Kenneth A. Williams Prehospital Emergency Medical Services 1708(5) Alexander P. Isakov Lawrence Mottley Marc C. Restuccia Performance Improvement 1713(3) Mary C. Burke Triage 1716(3) Anthony R. Berner PART II. Medicolegal and Special Clinical Considerations General Legal Principles 1719(3) Abigail R. Williams Advance Directives 1722(4) Abigail R. Williams Confidentiality 1726(3) Abigail R. Williams Informed Consent and Refusal of Care 1729(4) Abigail R. Williams Patient Transfers: Legal Issues 1733(7) Abigail R. Williams Bereavement and Grief Reactions 1740(3) Christopher H. Linden Domestic and Sociocultural Violence 1743(4) Taryn Kennedy Acute Pain Management 1747(7) Steven Rosenzweig Daniel Mines Chronic Pain Syndromes 1754(4) Michael A. Turturro Paul M. Paris Conscious and Deep Sedation 1758(4) Daniel A. Muse Monitoring Techniques 1762(7) Alan Jon Smally C. J. Biddle Geriatric Considerations 1769(22) Robert H. Woolard Bruce M. Becker Thomas J. Haronian SECTION IX APPENDIXES Christopher H. Linden A. Normal Reference Laboratory Values of Commonly Ordered Tests 1780(9) B. Dermatomes 1789(1) C. Length-Based Equipment Chart 1790(1) Index 1791
