Introduction. Part I: History and Importance. Bringing Science to Medicine: An Interview with Larry Weed, Inventor of the Problem-Oriented Medical Record. Medical Records That Guide and Teach. Clinical Implications of an Accurate Problem List on Heart Failure Treatment. Part II: Attitudes and Use. Clinician Attitudes Toward and Use of Electronic Problem Lists: A Thematic Analysis. Healthcare Provider Attitudes Towards the Problem List in an Electronic Health Record: A Mixed-Methods Qualitative Study. Use of an Electronic Problem List by Primary Care Providers and Specialists. Distribution of Problems, Medications and Lab Results in Electronic Health Records: The Pareto Principle at Work. Part III: Improving the Problem List. An Automated Technique for Identifying Associations Between Medications, Laboratory Results and Problems. A Method and Knowledge Base for Automated Inference of Patient Problems from Structured Data in an Electronic Medical Record. Improving Completeness of Electronic Problem Lists Through Clinical Decision Support: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Computerized Physician Order Entry of Medications and Clinical Decision Support Can Improve Problem List Documentation Compliance . Randomized Controlled Trial of an Automated Problem List With Improved Sensitivity. Part IV: Applications of the Problem List. Incomplete Care: On the Trail of Flaws in the System. Leveraging Electronic Health Records to Support Chronic Disease Management: The Need for Temporal Data Views. Indication-Based Prescribing Prevents Wrong-Patient Medication Errors In Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE). Index