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Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed: Revised Edition Revised edition [Pehme köide]

3.93/5 (74163 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 608 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 213x140x34 mm, kaal: 499 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Jan-2011
  • Kirjastus: Penguin USA
  • ISBN-10: 0143117009
  • ISBN-13: 9780143117001
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 608 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 213x140x34 mm, kaal: 499 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Jan-2011
  • Kirjastus: Penguin USA
  • ISBN-10: 0143117009
  • ISBN-13: 9780143117001
Teised raamatud teemal:
"A magisterial effort packed with insight and written with clarity and enthusiasm. It's also the deal of the year---the equivalent of a year's college course by an engaging, brilliant professor, all for the price of a book."

Who Hasn't Gazed upon the abandoned temples of Angkor Wat or the jungle-choked cities of the Maya and wondered, could the same fate happen to us? In this riveting book, Jared Diamond---whose Guns, Germs, and Steel revolutionized our understanding of history---explores how humankind's use and abuse of the environment reveal the truth behind the world's great collapses, from the Anasazi of North America to the Vikings of Greenland to modern Montana. What emerges is a fundamental pattern of environmental catastrophe---one whose warning signs surround us today and that we ignore at our peril. Blending the most recent scientific advances and a vast historical perspective into a narrative that is impossible to put down, Collapse exposes the deepest mysteries of the past even as it offers hope for the future.

"Diamond's most influential gift may be his ability to write about geopolitical and environmental systems in ways that don't just educate and provoke, but entertain."

"Extremely persuasive ... replete with fascinating stories, a treasure trove of historical anecdotes [ and] haunting statistics."

"Essential reading ... Collapse [ shows] that resilient societies are nimble ones, capable of long-term planning and of abandoning deeply entrenched but ultimately destructive core values and beliefs."

"There are hopeful messages in Collapse. With Diamond's help, maybe we'll learn to see our problems a little more clearly before we chop down that last palm tree."

"Extraordinarily panoramic ...Diamond's complex historical web of how human communities either master their environment or become victims of them ... takes a lifetime of research and, in normal English, leads the reader painstakingly where the media and intellectual journals have often refused to go."

Muu info

Winner of Quill Award.
List of Maps
xiii
Prologue: A Tale of Two Farms 1(24)
Two farms
Collapses, past and present
Vanished Edens?
A five-point framework
Businesses and the environment
The comparative method
Plan of the book
Part One MODERN MONTANA
25(52)
Chapter 1 Under Montana's Big Sky
27(50)
Stan Falkow's story
Montana and me
Why begin with Montana?
Montana's economic history
Mining
Forests Soil
Water
Native and non-native species
Differing visions
Attitudes towards regulation
Rick Laible's story
Chip Pigman's story
Tim Huls's story
John Cook's story
Montana, model of the world
Part Two PAST SOCIETIES
77(232)
Chapter 2 Twilight at Easter
79(41)
The quarry's mysteries
Easter's geography and history
People and food
Chiefs, clans, and commoners
Platforms and statues
Carving, transporting, erecting
The vanished forest
Consequences for society
Europeans and explanations
Why was Easter fragile?
Easter as metaphor
Chapter 3 The Last People Alive: Pitcairn and Henderson Islands
120(16)
Pitcairn before the Bounty
Three dissimilar islands
Trade
The movie's ending
Chapter 4 The Ancient Ones: The Anasazi and Their Neighbors
136(21)
Desert farmers
Tree rings
Agricultural strategies
Chaco's problems and packrats
Regional integration
Chaco's decline and end
Chaco's message
Chapter 5 The Maya Collapses
157(21)
Mysteries of lost cities
The Maya environment
Maya agriculture
Maya history
Copan
Complexities of collapses
Wars and droughts
Collapse in the southern lowlands
The Maya message
Chapter 6 The Viking Prelude and Fugues
178(33)
Experiments in the Atlantic
The Viking explosion
Autocatalysis
Viking agriculture
Iron
Viking chiefs
Viking religion
Orkneys, Shetlands, Faeroes
Iceland's environment
Iceland's history
Iceland in context
Vinland
Chapter 7 Norse Greenland's Flowering
211(37)
Europe's outpost
Greenland's climate today
Climate in the past
Native plants and animals
Norse settlement
Farming
Hunting and fishing
An integrated economy
Society
Trade with Europe
Self-image
Chapter 8 Norse Greenland's End
248(29)
Introduction to the end
Deforestation
Soil and turf damage
The Inuit's predecessors
Inuit subsistence
Inuit/Norse relations
The end
Ultimate causes of the end
Chapter 9 Opposite Paths to Success
277(32)
Bottom up, top down
New Guinea highlands
Tikopia
Tokugawa problems
Tokugawa solutions
Why Japan succeeded
Other successes
Part Three MODERN SOCIETIES
309(108)
Chapter 10 Malthus in Africa: Rwanda's Genocide
311(18)
A dilemma
Events in Rwanda
More than ethnic hatred
Buildup in Kanama
Explosion in Kanama
Why it happened
Chapter 11 One Island, Two Peoples, Two Histories: The Dominican Republic and Haiti
329(29)
Differences
Histories
Causes of divergence
Dominican environmental impacts
Balaguer
The Dominican environment today
The future
Chapter 12 China, Lurching Giant
358(20)
China's significance
Background
Air, water, soil
Habitat, species, megaprojects
Consequences
Connections
The future
Chapter 13 "Mining" Australia
378(39)
Australia's significance
Soils
Water
Distance
Early history
Imported values
Trade and immigration
Land degradation
Other environmental problems
Signs of hope and change
Part Four PRACTICAL LESSONS
417(109)
Chapter 14 Why Do Some Societies Make Disastrous Decisions?
419(22)
Road map for success
Failure to anticipate
Failure to perceive
Rational bad behavior
Disastrous values
Other irrational failures
Unsuccessful solutions
Signs of hope
Chapter 15 Big Businesses and the Environment: Different Conditions, Different Outcomes
441(45)
Resource extraction
Two oil fields
Oil company motives
Hardrock mining operations
Mining company motives
Differences among mining companies
The logging industry
Forest Stewardship Council
The seafood industry
Businesses and the public
Chapter 16 The World as a Polder: What Does It All Mean to Us Today?
486(40)
Introduction
The most serious problems
If we don't solve them
Life in Los Angeles
One-liner objections
The past and the present
Reasons for hope
AFTERWORD: ANGKOR'S RISE AND FALL
526(14)
Questions about Angkor
Angkor's environment
Angkor's rise
The great city
Magnificent engineering
Angkor's decline
Acknowledgments 540(3)
Further Readings 543(32)
Index 575(15)
Illustration Credits 590