Foreword |
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xi | |
Preface to the First Edition |
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xiii | |
Preface to the Third Edition |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
No Way around It. Introduction |
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xix | |
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1 In One Line and Close. Permutations as Linear Orders |
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1 | (52) |
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1 | (23) |
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1.1.1 Definition of Descents |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (6) |
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1.1.3 Stirling Numbers and Eulerian Numbers |
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9 | (4) |
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1.1.4 Generating Functions and Eulerian Numbers |
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13 | (2) |
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1.1.5 Sequences of Eulerian Numbers |
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15 | (9) |
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24 | (6) |
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1.3 Alternating Subsequences |
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30 | (5) |
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1.3.1 Definitions and a Recurrence Relation |
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30 | (3) |
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1.3.2 Alternating Runs and Alternating Subsequences |
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33 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Alternating Permutations |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (7) |
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42 | (4) |
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Solutions to Problems Plus |
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46 | (7) |
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2 In One Line and Anywhere. Permutations as Linear Orders. Inversions |
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53 | (32) |
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53 | (15) |
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2.1.1 Generating Function of Permutations by Inversions |
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53 | (10) |
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63 | (3) |
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2.1.3 Application: Determinants and Graphs |
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66 | (2) |
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2.2 Inversions in Permutations of Multisets |
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68 | (7) |
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2.2.1 Application: Gaussian Polynomials and Subset Sums |
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70 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Inversions and Gaussian Coefficients |
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71 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Major Index and Permutations of Multisets |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (4) |
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79 | (3) |
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Solutions to Problems Plus |
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82 | (3) |
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3 In Many Circles. Permutations as Products of Cycles |
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85 | (64) |
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3.1 Decomposing a Permutation into Cycles |
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85 | (6) |
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3.1.1 Application: Sign and Determinants |
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87 | (3) |
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3.1.2 An Application: Geometric Transformations |
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90 | (1) |
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3.2 Type and Stirling Numbers |
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91 | (18) |
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3.2.1 Cycle Type of a Permutation |
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91 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Application: Conjugate Permutations |
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92 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Application: Trees and Transpositions |
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93 | (4) |
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3.2.4 Permutations with a Given Number of Cycles |
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97 | (7) |
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3.2.5 Generating Functions for Stirling Numbers |
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104 | (4) |
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3.2.6 Application: Real Zeros and Probability |
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108 | (1) |
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3.3 Cycle Decomposition versus Linear Order |
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109 | (5) |
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109 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Applications of the Transition Lemma |
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111 | (3) |
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3.4 Permutations with Restricted Cycle Structure |
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114 | (17) |
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3.4.1 Exponential Formula |
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114 | (9) |
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3.4.2 Cycle Index and Its Applications |
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123 | (8) |
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131 | (7) |
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138 | (4) |
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Solutions to Problems Plus |
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142 | (7) |
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4 In Any Way but This. Pattern Avoidance. The Basics |
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149 | (66) |
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4.1 Notion of Pattern Avoidance |
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149 | (1) |
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4.1.1 Permutation classes |
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150 | (1) |
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4.2 Patterns of Length Three |
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150 | (5) |
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155 | (3) |
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4.4 Patterns of Length Four |
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158 | (30) |
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160 | (13) |
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173 | (15) |
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188 | (1) |
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4.5 Proof of the Stanley-Wilf Conjecture |
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188 | (7) |
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4.5.1 Fiiredi--Hajnal Conjecture |
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189 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Avoiding Matrices versus Avoiding Permutations |
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189 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Proof of the Fiiredi--Hajnal Conjecture |
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190 | (5) |
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195 | (7) |
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202 | (5) |
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Solutions to Problems Plus |
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207 | (8) |
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5 In This Way, but Nicely, Pattern Avoidance, Follow-Up |
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215 | (42) |
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5.1 Polynomial Recurrences |
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215 | (19) |
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5.1.1 Polynomially Recursive Functions |
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215 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Permutation classes again |
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216 | (1) |
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5.1.3 Algebraic and Rational Power Series |
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217 | (4) |
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5.1.4 The Generating Function Of Most Principal Classes Is Nonrational |
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221 | (3) |
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5.1.5 Polynomial Recursiveness of Sn,r(132) |
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224 | (10) |
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5.2 Containing a Pattern Many Times |
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234 | (6) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (5) |
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5.3 Containing a Pattern a Given Number of Times |
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240 | (6) |
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5.3.1 Construction with a Given Number of Copies |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (4) |
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246 | (3) |
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249 | (2) |
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Solutions to Problems Plus |
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251 | (6) |
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6 Mean and Insensitive. Random Permutations |
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257 | (52) |
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6.1 Probabilistic Viewpoint |
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257 | (16) |
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6.1.1 Standard Young Tableaux |
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259 | (14) |
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273 | (5) |
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6.2.1 Application: Finding the Maximum Element of a Sequence |
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274 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Linearity of Expectation |
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275 | (3) |
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6.3 Application: Rank in Decreasing Binary Trees |
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278 | (10) |
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6.3.1 Two simple initial cases |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (3) |
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6.3.3 A System of Differential Equations |
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283 | (5) |
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6.4 Variance and Standard Deviation |
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288 | (6) |
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6.4.1 Application: Asymptotically Normal Distributions |
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292 | (2) |
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6.5 Application: Longest Increasing Subsequences |
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294 | (2) |
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296 | (4) |
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300 | (3) |
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Solutions to Problems Plus |
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303 | (6) |
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7 Permutations and the Rest. Algebraic Combinatorics of Permutations |
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309 | (38) |
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7.1 Robinson Schensted Knuth Correspondence |
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309 | (10) |
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7.2 Posets of Permutations |
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319 | (12) |
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319 | (9) |
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7.2.2 Posets on Pattern-Avoiding Permutations |
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328 | (2) |
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7.2.3 Infinite Poset of Permutations |
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330 | (1) |
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7.3 Simplicial Complexes of Permutations |
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331 | (4) |
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7.3.1 Simplicial Complex of Restricted Permutations |
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332 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Simplicial Complex of All n-Permutations |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (4) |
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339 | (2) |
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Solutions to Problems Plus |
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341 | (6) |
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8 Get Them All. Algorithms and Permutations |
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347 | (48) |
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8.1 Generating Permutations |
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347 | (4) |
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8.1.1 Generating All n-Permutations |
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347 | (1) |
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8.1.2 Generating Restricted Permutations |
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348 | (3) |
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8.2 Stack-Sorting Permutations |
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351 | (17) |
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8.2.1 2-Stack-Sortable Permutations |
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353 | (2) |
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8.2.2 t-Stack-Sortable Permutations |
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355 | (10) |
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365 | (3) |
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368 | (5) |
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8.4 Variations of Stack-Sorting |
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373 | (7) |
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380 | (4) |
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384 | (3) |
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Solutions to Problems Plus |
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387 | (8) |
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9 How Did We Get Here? Permutations as Genome Rearrangements |
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395 | (28) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (4) |
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400 | (16) |
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9.3.1 Average Number of Block Interchanges Needed to Sort |
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407 | (9) |
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416 | (2) |
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418 | (2) |
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Solutions to Problems Plus |
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420 | (3) |
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10 Do Not Look Just Yet. Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises |
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423 | (56) |
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10.1 Solutions for Chapter 1 |
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423 | (7) |
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10.2 Solutions for Chapter 2 |
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430 | (4) |
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10.3 Solutions for Chapter 3 |
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434 | (11) |
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10.4 Solutions for Chapter 4 |
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445 | (11) |
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10.5 Solutions for Chapter 5 |
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456 | (4) |
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10.6 Solutions for Chapter 6 |
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460 | (8) |
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10.7 Solutions for Chapter 7 |
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468 | (3) |
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10.8 Solutions for Chapter 8 |
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471 | (5) |
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10.9 Solutions for Chapter 9 |
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476 | (3) |
References |
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479 | (22) |
List of Frequently Used Notation |
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501 | (2) |
Index |
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503 | |