Introduction |
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xxi | |
User Guide |
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xxiii | |
Suggested References |
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xxv | |
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SECTION I SPECIFIC INFORMATION |
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3 | (6) |
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Differentiating by Energy Source |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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EUI Adjustment for Occupancy |
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6 | (1) |
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Energy End Use Distribution |
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6 | (1) |
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Energy End Use Variations over Time |
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7 | (1) |
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Energy Cost as a Percent of Total Operating Cost |
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7 | (1) |
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Limitations of Using Benchmark Data |
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8 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Analyzing Energy Use Graphs |
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9 | (14) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (3) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (2) |
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Business Volume (Production Rates) |
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17 | (2) |
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19 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 Energy Saving Opportunities by Business Type |
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23 | (46) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (13) |
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Apartment Buildings / Multi-Family / Dormitories |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Education---Colleges and Universities |
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40 | (3) |
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43 | (2) |
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Food Sales---Grocery Stores |
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45 | (1) |
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Food Service / Restaurant |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (2) |
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Health Care---Non Hospital |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (2) |
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Lodging / Hotels / Motels |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (3) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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Variable Air Volume Systems |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (14) |
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69 | (2) |
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Desire for Energy Use to Follow Production Rates |
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71 | (1) |
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Primary Energy Use Sources |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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Some Common ECMs for Manufacturing |
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73 | (4) |
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Process Boilers, Furnaces, Ovens, and other Combustion Heating Systems |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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Specific Light Manufacturing ECMs by Process |
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77 | (6) |
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Semi-Conductor Fab Multi-Stage HVAC Tempering |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Waste Water Treatment Plants |
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79 | (1) |
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Forging, Stamping, Machining |
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79 | (1) |
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Heat Treating / Tempering / Reducing Ovens |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Clean Rooms and other Year-Round Cooling Loads |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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Light Manufacturing / Assembly / Warehousing |
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81 | (1) |
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Dairy Processing / Pasteurizing |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Refrigerated Food Processing |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Combination Office / Sales / Warehouse Facilities |
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82 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 ECM Descriptions |
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83 | (46) |
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ECM Descriptions---Envelope |
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83 | (3) |
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Envelope Leaks---Infiltration |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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ECM Descriptions---Lighting |
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86 | (4) |
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Lighting Retrofit: T-12 Magnetic to T-8 Electronic Ballast |
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86 | (1) |
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Lighting Retrofit: Super T-8 with Low Factor Electronic Ballast |
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87 | (1) |
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Lighting Retrofit: High Bay HID to High Bay Fluorescent |
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87 | (1) |
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Lighting Retrofit: Incandescent to Compact Fluorescent (CFL) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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LED Lighting---Emerging Technology |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (20) |
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90 | (1) |
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Correct Control Valves Leaking By Internally |
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91 | (1) |
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Insulate Piping and Valves |
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91 | (1) |
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Lower Chilled Water Condensing Temperature |
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91 | (1) |
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Raise Chilled Water Evaporating Temperature |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Water Economizer vs. Air Economizer |
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93 | (4) |
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Angled Filters Instead of Flat Filters |
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97 | (1) |
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Bag Filters instead of Cartridge Filters |
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97 | (1) |
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Multi-Zone Conversion to VAV |
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97 | (1) |
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Multi-Zone: VAV Conversion Using Existing Zone Dampers |
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97 | (1) |
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Multi-Zone Conversion to Texas Multi-Zone |
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97 | (1) |
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Dual Duct Conversion to Separate Hot Deck and Cold Deck Fans |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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Evaporative Pre-Cooling for Air-Cooled Condensers |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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Adjacent Air-Cooled Equipment Too Closely Spaced |
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103 | (1) |
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Constant Speed to Variable Speed Pumping Conversion |
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103 | (1) |
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Constant Volume to Variable Air Volume Conversion |
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104 | (1) |
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Constant Volume Terminal Reheat to VAV Reheat Conversion |
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105 | (1) |
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Testing Adjusting and Balancing (TAB) |
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105 | (1) |
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Remove Inlet Vanes or Discharge Dampers |
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106 | (1) |
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Lower VAV Duct Static Pressure Control Setting |
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106 | (1) |
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Reduce Resistance in Distribution Ducts and Pipes |
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107 | (2) |
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Correcting Bad Duct Fittings, Entrance Losses, Exit Losses |
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109 | (1) |
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Indoor Cooling Tower Sump |
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110 | (1) |
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ECM Descriptions---Boilers and District Heating |
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110 | (8) |
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Note on Condensing Hot Water Boilers |
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110 | (1) |
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Distributed Heating Instead of District Heating |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Boiler Combustion Fan Control |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Preheat Combustion Air (Economizer) |
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117 | (1) |
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Preheat Feed Water (Economizer) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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ECM Descriptions---Swimming Pools |
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118 | (2) |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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Recommended Pool Water and Air Temperatures |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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ECM Descriptions---Heat Recovery |
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120 | (4) |
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Heat Recovery Viability Test |
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120 | (1) |
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Heat Recovery Application Notes |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Rejected Heat-to-Make up Water |
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122 | (1) |
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Rejeacted Heat-to-Space Heat |
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122 | (1) |
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Wastewater-to-Makeup Water |
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122 | (1) |
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Combined Heat and Cool: The Water-to-Water Heat Pump |
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122 | (1) |
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Recovery of Humidified or De-Humidified Air |
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123 | (1) |
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Double Use of Process Air and Water in Heat Recovery |
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123 | (1) |
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ECM Descriptions---Thermal Storage (TES) |
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124 | (2) |
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124 | (1) |
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Rules of Thumb for TES Systems |
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125 | (1) |
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Conditions favoring Thermal Energy Storage |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Phase Change Material (PCM) Storage |
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126 | (1) |
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Cool Storage---Evaporative Cooling |
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126 | (1) |
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ECM Descriptions---Electrical |
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126 | (2) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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ECM Descriptions---Compressed Air |
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128 | (1) |
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Lower Compressed Air Pressure |
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128 | (1) |
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Lowr Compressed Air Inlet Temperature |
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128 | (1) |
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Use Waste Heat for Space Heating |
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128 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Utility Rate Components |
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129 | (6) |
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129 | (6) |
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129 | (1) |
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Sliding Scale (Block Rates) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Example Re-Scheduling Loads to Improve Load Factor |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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Ratchet Clause (Minimum Demand) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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Sliding Scale (Block Rates) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Automatic Control Strategies |
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135 | (40) |
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Cost/Benefit Ratio for Control System ECMs |
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136 | (1) |
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Control System Application Notes |
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136 | (1) |
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Lighting Control Strategies-Basic |
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137 | (1) |
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HVAC Control Strategies-Basic |
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138 | (28) |
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Energy-Saving HVAC Control Settings |
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140 | (7) |
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Percent Heating Change per Degree of Indoor Temperature Change |
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147 | (19) |
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Lighting Control Strategies---Advanced |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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Programmable Lighting Ballast |
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166 | (1) |
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HVAC Control Strategies-Advanced |
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166 | (6) |
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Occupancy Sensor Control of HVAC |
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167 | (1) |
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Optimized VAV Box Minimum Setting Reset |
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167 | (1) |
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Optimized Supply Air Static Pressure Reset - VAV Systems |
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168 | (1) |
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Optimized Supply Water Pressure Reset---Variable Pumping Systems |
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168 | (1) |
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Condenser Water Reset and Optimized Evaporative Cooling Setting |
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168 | (1) |
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Optimized Supply Air Temperature Reset for VAV Air Systems from Zone Demand |
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169 | (1) |
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CO2 Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV) |
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169 | (1) |
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Optimized Ventilation Reset by People Count |
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169 | (1) |
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Optimized Ventilation Effectiveness by Season |
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170 | (1) |
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Schedule Ventilation Rates to Correspond with Planned Occupancy Patterns |
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170 | (1) |
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Optimized Sequencing of Multiple Chillers / Boilers |
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170 | (1) |
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Optimized Hot Water Reset from Zone Demand |
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170 | (1) |
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Multi-Zone Hot Deck / Cold Deck Reset from Zone Demand |
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171 | (1) |
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Dual Duct Terminal Unit: Split Damper and Add Dead Band |
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171 | (1) |
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District Heating and Cooling Delta-T Control |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Other Ways to Leverage DDC Controls |
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173 | (1) |
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Control System Calibration |
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174 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Building Operations And Maintenance |
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175 | (16) |
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Closing a Facility for Part of a Week |
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175 | (1) |
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Closing a Portion of a Facility for Extended Periods |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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Poor Indoor Comfort and Indoor Air Quality Costs |
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176 | (1) |
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Comfort Productivity Increase |
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176 | (1) |
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Indoor Air Quality Productivity Increase |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Maintenance Energy Benefits |
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178 | (5) |
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Cleaning Evaporator Air Coils |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Cleaning Condenser Coils and Evaporator Coils |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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Cleaning Chiller Condenser Tubes |
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179 | (1) |
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Cleaning Chiller Evaporator Tubes |
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179 | (1) |
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Cleaning Chiller Condenser Tubes and also Evaporator Tubes |
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179 | (1) |
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Cleaning Boiler Fire Tubes |
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179 | (1) |
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Cleaning Boiler Water Tubes |
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179 | (1) |
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Cleaning Boiler Fire Tubes and also Water Tubes |
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180 | (1) |
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Efficiency Gains from Cleaning Fouled Combustion Heat Exchangers |
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181 | (2) |
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Notes on Heat Approach Values |
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183 | (1) |
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Heat Exchanger Approach Diagrams |
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184 | (7) |
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Chapter 9 Quantifying Savings |
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191 | (76) |
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192 | (2) |
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Bin Weather Used to Estimate Load Profile and ECM Savings |
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194 | (1) |
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Rough Estimating Envelope Improvement Savings |
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195 | (1) |
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Establishing the HVAC Load Profile |
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196 | (2) |
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Adjusting the HVAC Load Profile for Humid Climates |
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198 | (4) |
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Adjusting the HVAC Load Profile for Overlapping Heating and Cooling |
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202 | (3) |
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Sample Savings Calculations |
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205 | (51) |
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Load-Following Air and Water Flows vs. Constant Flow (VSD Benefit) |
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205 | (6) |
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Supply Air Reset vs. Reheat---Constant Volume |
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211 | (4) |
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Supply Air Reset with VAV vs. Increased Fan Energy |
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215 | (2) |
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Condenser Water Reset vs. Constant Temperature |
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217 | (9) |
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Chilled Water Reset with Variable Pumping vs. Increased Pump Energy |
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226 | (3) |
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Water-Side Economizer vs. Chiler Cooling |
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229 | (9) |
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Higher Efficiency Lighting vs. Existing Lighting |
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238 | (3) |
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Higher Efficiency Motors vs. Existing Motors |
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241 | (4) |
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Higher Efficiency Chiller vs. Existing Chiller |
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245 | (1) |
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Higher Efficiency Boiler vs. Existing Boiler |
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246 | (2) |
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Hot Water Reset from Outside Air vs. Constant Hot Water Temperature |
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248 | (5) |
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Reduce Air System Friction Losses---Constant Volume |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (3) |
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Measurement and Verification (M&V) |
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259 | (1) |
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Establishing the M&V Baseline |
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260 | (2) |
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Normalizing Baseline Data |
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262 | (2) |
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Macro Baselines-for Goals and Projections |
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264 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 Sustaining Savings |
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267 | (6) |
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Tendency for Initial Savings to Deteriorate |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Maintaining Initial Savings |
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267 | (1) |
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Checklist for Service Access and Operations |
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268 | (5) |
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SECTION II GENERAL INFORMATION |
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Chapter 11 Mechanical Systems |
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273 | (56) |
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Relative Energy Efficiency of Air Conditioning Systems |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (3) |
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Water-Cooled vs. Air Cooled |
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277 | (1) |
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Thermal Energy Transport Notes |
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277 | (1) |
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Single Pass Mechanical Systems |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (8) |
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Chilled Water System Auxiliaries |
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282 | (1) |
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Part Load Chilled Water System Performance |
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282 | (3) |
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Variable Flow Pumping---Chillers |
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285 | (3) |
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Cooling Towers and Evaporative Fluid Coolers |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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Electronic Expansion Valves |
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290 | (1) |
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Air and Water Circulating System Resistance |
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290 | (2) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Velocity Head (Hv) Formulas |
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291 | (1) |
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Fan/Pump Motor Work Equation |
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292 | (1) |
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Fan and Pump Efficiencies |
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293 | (1) |
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Thermal Break-Even Concept for Buildings |
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293 | (2) |
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Energy Implications of the Thermal Break Even Temperature |
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294 | (1) |
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Heating/Cooling Impact from Reduced Internal Loads |
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295 | (4) |
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299 | (3) |
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Cooling Energy Balance for Heat Producing Equipment |
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302 | (2) |
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304 | (1) |
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Kitchen Hoods and Make Up Air |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (6) |
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311 | (4) |
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315 | (6) |
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Psychrometric Diagrams of Evaporative Cooling Processes |
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317 | (4) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (4) |
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326 | (1) |
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Simultaneous Heating and Cooling |
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327 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Motors and Electrical Information |
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329 | (16) |
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Full Load Motor Efficiency |
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329 | (2) |
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Part Load Motor Efficiency---Constant Speed |
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331 | (1) |
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Part Load Motor Efficiency---Variable Speed |
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332 | (1) |
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Effect of Voltage Changes on Induction Motor Characteristics |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (3) |
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336 | (1) |
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Common Motor Design Characteristics |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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Fractional Horsepower Motors |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (3) |
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342 | (3) |
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Chapter 13 Combustion Equipment And Systems |
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345 | (14) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (2) |
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Boiler Heating Output When Only Heating Surface Area is Known |
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347 | (1) |
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Minimum Stack Gas Temperatures vs. Corrosion |
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347 | (1) |
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Boiler Standby Heat Loss (Boiler Skin Loss) |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (1) |
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Savings from Various Boiler Improvements |
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349 | (2) |
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Pilot Light Fuel Consumption |
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351 | (1) |
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Natural Draft Flue -Dilution Air |
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352 | (1) |
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Savings of Process Heating Equipment Improvements |
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353 | (1) |
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Savings from Steam System Improvements |
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354 | (2) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (2) |
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Flue Gas Recoverable Heat |
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356 | (1) |
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Savings from Reducing Excess Air |
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357 | (1) |
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Generator Fuel Consumption |
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357 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Compressed Air |
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359 | (6) |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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Air Compressor Full Load Efficiency |
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360 | (1) |
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Air Compressor Part Load Efficiency |
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361 | (1) |
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Savings from Reduced Compressed Air Pressure |
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361 | (1) |
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Savings from Cooler Inlet Air |
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361 | (1) |
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Heat Recovery Potential for Compressed Air |
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362 | (1) |
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Efficiency of Conversion for Compressed Air |
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363 | (1) |
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Regenerative Air Driers (Desiccant Type) |
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363 | (2) |
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Chapter 15 Fan and Pump Drives |
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365 | (18) |
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Fan/Pump Capacity Modulation Methods |
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365 | (1) |
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Relative Power Consumption Among Flow Control Options |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (2) |
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Variable Speed Drive Considerations |
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370 | (1) |
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Best Eficiency Point (BEP) |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Pump/Fan Curve Characteristics |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
VSD Savings: Square Instead of Cube |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Affinity Law, Modified for VFD Savings |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Affinity Law Application Where Static Head is Involved |
|
|
374 | (6) |
|
Efficiencies of Centrifugal Fans/Pumps at Reduced Speed |
|
|
377 | (3) |
|
Savings Impact When Controlling to a Constant Downstream Pressure---VAV and Variable Pumping |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
Savings from Lowering Downstream Maintained Pressure Setting |
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
|
383 | (10) |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Reflectance Parameters for Picking Interior Surfaces and Colors |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Lighting Technology Properties |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Lighting Energy Use, Pct of Total Electric, by Building Type |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Lighting Hours by Building Type |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Typical Recommended Lighting Levels |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Lighting Recommended Lighting Levels |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Occupancy Sensor Energy Savings |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Lighting Impacts on HVAC Use by Climate |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Lighting Power Budget Values Watts/SF |
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
Chapter 17 Envelope Information |
|
|
393 | (20) |
|
|
393 | (2) |
|
Calculate Break Even Temperature using BLC |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
R-Value Reduction from Stud Walls |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
396 | (5) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Shading Coefficient (SC) and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) |
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Envelope Tradeoffs with Glazing |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
401 | (2) |
|
Air Flow Created from Building Stack Effect |
|
|
403 | (3) |
|
Air Flow Through Open Dock Doors |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Composite U-Values for Envelope Evaluation |
|
|
409 | (4) |
|
Percent Glazing Effect on Overally Gross Wall Insulation U-Value |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Percent Skylight / Clerestory Effect on Overall Gross Roof Insulation U-Value |
|
|
410 | (3) |
|
Chapter 18 Water and Domestic Water Heating |
|
|
413 | (4) |
|
Water Consumption for Water-Cooled Equipment |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Cooling Tower Blow Down vs. Cycles of Concentration |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Plumbing Water Points of Use |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Domestic Water Heater Standby Losses |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
Storage Tanks for Domestic Hot Water Heaters |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Domestic Hot Water Recirculation |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Instantaneous Water Heaters |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
417 | (6) |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Weather Data by Days and Times |
|
|
419 | (4) |
|
Chapter 20 Pollution and Greenhouse Gases |
|
|
423 | (4) |
|
Pollution---Emission Conversion Factors by State |
|
|
423 | (2) |
|
Pollution---Conversion to Equivalent Number of Automobiles |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Other Environmental Considerations |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
Chapter 21 Formulas and Conversions |
|
|
427 | (26) |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Heat---Conversion Factors |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Energy Transport (Circulating Water and Air) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
HVAC Formulas and Conversions |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Properties of Air, Water, Ice |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Specific Heat of Air and Water |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
Heating Values of Common Fuels |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (2) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Fuel Switching---Electric Resistance vs. Combustion Heat |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Heat Pump---Approximate COP form High/Low Region Temperatures |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Heat Pump---Approximate kW Power from COP |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
|
445 | (6) |
|
Metric Conversion Factors |
|
|
451 | (2) |
|
Chapter 22 Special Topics |
|
|
453 | (110) |
|
Early Replacement Business Justification |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Lease Arrangements---Effect on Energy Project Interest |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
|
456 | (13) |
|
Computer Data Center Energy Saving Opportunities |
|
|
464 | (3) |
|
Data Center Humidification |
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
Coordinating Upstream/Downstream Set Points |
|
|
469 | (4) |
|
Semiconductor Fab Multi-Stage HVAC Air Tempering |
|
|
473 | (8) |
|
|
476 | (5) |
|
HVAC Retrofits for the Three Worst Systems |
|
|
481 | (5) |
|
Chilled Water System Discussion and ECMs |
|
|
486 | (18) |
|
Approach to Achieving Chiller Plant Energy Savings |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Modifying Air Handling Systems to Increase System DT |
|
|
492 | (12) |
|
|
504 | (3) |
|
Envelope Tradeoffs-Light Harvesting, Window Tinting |
|
|
507 | (4) |
|
HVAC Overlapping Heating and Cooling |
|
|
511 | (13) |
|
Part Load HVAC Efficiency |
|
|
524 | (17) |
|
Relative Part Load Efficiency of HVAC Air System Types |
|
|
538 | (3) |
|
Facility Guide Specification: Suggestions to Build-in Energy Efficiency |
|
|
541 | (22) |
|
|
563 | (112) |
|
|
563 | (4) |
|
Conflicting ECMs and `Watch Outs' |
|
|
567 | (4) |
|
Top 10 IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) Mistakes a CEM Should Avoid |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
Cost Estimating---Accuracy Levels Defined |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Simple Payback vs. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) |
|
|
574 | (4) |
|
DSM Program Cost Effectiveness Tests |
|
|
578 | (6) |
|
Heat Loss from Un-Insulated Hot Piping and Surfaces |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
Heat Loss from Insulated Piping |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
Duct Fitting Loss Coefficients |
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
Evaporation Loss from Water in Heated Tanks |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Cooling Tower Cold Water Basin Heat Loss |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
Clean Room Particles and Air Changes by Class |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
Bin Weather Data for 5 Cities (Dry Bulb) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
Bin Weather Data for 5 Cities (Dry Bulb, Wet Bulb, Dew Point) |
|
|
591 | (3) |
|
Altitude Correction Factors at Different Temperatures |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
Energy Use Intensity (EUI)---Per SF---By Function and Size |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Energy Use Intensity (EUI)---Per SF---By Function and Climate Zone |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
Building Use Categories Defined (CBECS) |
|
|
600 | (5) |
|
Operating Expenses: Percent that are from Utility Costs |
|
|
605 | (2) |
|
Energy Use Intensity (EUI) Per SF for Some Manufacturing Operations |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Energy Use Intensity (EUI) in Production Units for Some Mfg. Processes |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
ASHRAE 90.1---Items Required for all Compliance Methods |
|
|
608 | (5) |
|
Service Life of Various System Components |
|
|
613 | (3) |
|
Equating Energy Savings to Profit Increase |
|
|
616 | (4) |
|
Integrated Design Examples |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
Energy Audit Approach for Commercial Buildings |
|
|
621 | (3) |
|
Energy Audit Look-for Items |
|
|
624 | (5) |
|
Energy Audit---Sample Questionnaire / Checklist |
|
|
629 | (19) |
|
ASHRAE Psychrometric Charts 1-5 |
|
|
648 | (5) |
|
Refrigerant Replacement Matrix |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
Refrigerant Pressure-Enthalpy (Mollier) Diagrams |
|
|
654 | (11) |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
Pressure-Temperature Charts for Refrigerants |
|
|
666 | (9) |
Index |
|
675 | |