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Commercial Energy Auditing Reference Handbook 2nd Revised edition [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 750 pages, kõrgus x laius: 229x152 mm, kaal: 1084 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Nov-2010
  • Kirjastus: Taylor & Francis Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439851972
  • ISBN-13: 9781439851975
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 750 pages, kõrgus x laius: 229x152 mm, kaal: 1084 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 22-Nov-2010
  • Kirjastus: Taylor & Francis Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439851972
  • ISBN-13: 9781439851975
Updated and expanded, this edition includes new material on early replacement business justification, lease arrangements and effect on ECM project interest, coordinating upstream/downstream set points, semiconductor fab multi-stage HVAC air tempering, commissioning, HVAC overlapping heating and cooling, and much more. The book begins with the premise that when commercial facilities are subdivided into categories based on business type, many useful patterns can be identified that become generally applicable to the performance of an effective energy audit. The author discusses procedures and guidelines for a wide range of business and building types, such as schools and colleges, restaurants and fast food, hospitals and medical facilities, grocery stores, laboratories, lodging, apartment and office buildings, retail, public safety, data centers, churches and religious facilities, libraries, laundries, and warehouses. He also covers all focal areas of the building energy audit and assessment, including building envelope, lighting, HVAC, controls, heat recovery, thermal storage, electrical systems, and utilities.
Introduction xxi
User Guide xxiii
Suggested References xxv
SECTION I SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Chapter 1 Benchmarking
3(6)
Differentiating by Energy Source
3(1)
Energy Use Intensity
4(2)
Limitations of EUI
4(1)
Calculating EUI
4(1)
Mixed EUI
5(1)
Production EUI
5(1)
EUI Adjustment for Occupancy
6(1)
Energy End Use Distribution
6(1)
Energy End Use Variations over Time
7(1)
Energy Cost as a Percent of Total Operating Cost
7(1)
Limitations of Using Benchmark Data
8(1)
Chapter 2 Analyzing Energy Use Graphs
9(14)
Intuitive Information
9(1)
Year by Year Comparisons
10(3)
Weather Dependence
13(2)
Load Factor
15(2)
Business Volume (Production Rates)
17(2)
Savings Opportunities
19(4)
Chapter 3 Energy Saving Opportunities by Business Type
23(46)
PBA Concept
23(1)
Energy End Use Pies
24(13)
Apartment Buildings / Multi-Family / Dormitories
37(2)
Churches / Worship
39(1)
Data Centers
40(1)
Education---Colleges and Universities
40(3)
Education---Schools K-12
43(2)
Food Sales---Grocery Stores
45(1)
Food Service / Restaurant
46(2)
Health Care---Hospital
48(2)
Health Care---Non Hospital
50(1)
Laundries---Commercial
51(1)
Libraries / Museums
52(2)
Lodging / Hotels / Motels
54(3)
Office Buildings
57(2)
Retail / Sales
59(2)
Warehouses
61(1)
Pools
62(2)
Ice Rinks
64(2)
Specific Sub-Systems
66(3)
Boilers
66(1)
Chillers
67(1)
High Rise
67(1)
Variable Air Volume Systems
68(1)
Chapter 4 Manufacturing
69(14)
Process Analysis
69(2)
Desire for Energy Use to Follow Production Rates
71(1)
Primary Energy Use Sources
72(1)
Production Scheduling
72(1)
Maintenance
72(1)
Controls
72(1)
Some Common ECMs for Manufacturing
73(4)
Process Boilers, Furnaces, Ovens, and other Combustion Heating Systems
75(1)
Process Chillers
75(1)
Process Cooling Water
76(1)
Steam Systems
76(1)
Compressed Air Systems
76(1)
Humidifiers
76(1)
Plating Tank Covers
77(1)
Process Oven Door Seals
77(1)
Specific Light Manufacturing ECMs by Process
77(6)
Semi-Conductor Fab Multi-Stage HVAC Tempering
77(1)
Hot Asphalt Mix Plants
77(1)
Pre-Mix Concrete Plants
78(1)
Waste Water Treatment Plants
79(1)
Forging, Stamping, Machining
79(1)
Heat Treating / Tempering / Reducing Ovens
79(1)
Brewing
80(1)
Clean Rooms and other Year-Round Cooling Loads
80(1)
Plating, Coating
80(1)
Light Manufacturing / Assembly / Warehousing
81(1)
Dairy Processing / Pasteurizing
81(1)
Printing
81(1)
Injection Molding
81(1)
Refrigerated Food Processing
82(1)
Refrigerated Warehouse
82(1)
Combination Office / Sales / Warehouse Facilities
82(1)
Chapter 5 ECM Descriptions
83(46)
ECM Descriptions---Envelope
83(3)
Envelope Leaks---Infiltration
83(1)
Exterior Color
84(1)
Cool Roof
84(1)
Insulation
85(1)
Window Upgrade
85(1)
Window Shading
85(1)
Light Harvesting
86(1)
ECM Descriptions---Lighting
86(4)
Lighting Retrofit: T-12 Magnetic to T-8 Electronic Ballast
86(1)
Lighting Retrofit: Super T-8 with Low Factor Electronic Ballast
87(1)
Lighting Retrofit: High Bay HID to High Bay Fluorescent
87(1)
Lighting Retrofit: Incandescent to Compact Fluorescent (CFL)
87(1)
Reflectors
87(1)
De-Lamping
88(1)
LED Lighting---Emerging Technology
88(2)
ECM Descriptions---HVAC
90(20)
Seal Air Duct Leaks
90(1)
Correct Control Valves Leaking By Internally
91(1)
Insulate Piping and Valves
91(1)
Lower Chilled Water Condensing Temperature
91(1)
Raise Chilled Water Evaporating Temperature
91(1)
Air-Side Economizer
92(1)
Water Economizer vs. Air Economizer
93(4)
Angled Filters Instead of Flat Filters
97(1)
Bag Filters instead of Cartridge Filters
97(1)
Multi-Zone Conversion to VAV
97(1)
Multi-Zone: VAV Conversion Using Existing Zone Dampers
97(1)
Multi-Zone Conversion to Texas Multi-Zone
97(1)
Dual Duct Conversion to Separate Hot Deck and Cold Deck Fans
98(1)
Spot Cooling
98(1)
De-Stratification
98(2)
Evaporative Pre-Cooling for Air-Cooled Condensers
100(2)
Adiabatic Humidification
102(1)
Adjacent Air-Cooled Equipment Too Closely Spaced
103(1)
Constant Speed to Variable Speed Pumping Conversion
103(1)
Constant Volume to Variable Air Volume Conversion
104(1)
Constant Volume Terminal Reheat to VAV Reheat Conversion
105(1)
Testing Adjusting and Balancing (TAB)
105(1)
Remove Inlet Vanes or Discharge Dampers
106(1)
Lower VAV Duct Static Pressure Control Setting
106(1)
Reduce Resistance in Distribution Ducts and Pipes
107(2)
Correcting Bad Duct Fittings, Entrance Losses, Exit Losses
109(1)
Indoor Cooling Tower Sump
110(1)
ECM Descriptions---Boilers and District Heating
110(8)
Note on Condensing Hot Water Boilers
110(1)
Distributed Heating Instead of District Heating
111(2)
Jockey Boilers
113(1)
Stack Dampers
114(1)
Boiler Isolation Valves
115(1)
Boiler Combustion Fan Control
116(1)
Boiler Economizers
116(1)
Preheat Combustion Air (Economizer)
117(1)
Preheat Feed Water (Economizer)
117(1)
Lower Steam Pressure
117(1)
Lower Boiler Excess Air
118(1)
ECM Descriptions---Swimming Pools
118(2)
Pool Covers
118(1)
Reduce Pool Evaporation
118(1)
Recommended Pool Water and Air Temperatures
118(1)
Pool Evaporation Facts
119(1)
ECM Descriptions---Heat Recovery
120(4)
Heat Recovery Viability Test
120(1)
Heat Recovery Application Notes
121(1)
Exhaust-to-Make up Air
121(1)
Rejected Heat-to-Make up Water
122(1)
Rejeacted Heat-to-Space Heat
122(1)
Wastewater-to-Makeup Water
122(1)
Combined Heat and Cool: The Water-to-Water Heat Pump
122(1)
Recovery of Humidified or De-Humidified Air
123(1)
Double Use of Process Air and Water in Heat Recovery
123(1)
ECM Descriptions---Thermal Storage (TES)
124(2)
TES Pros and Cons
124(1)
Rules of Thumb for TES Systems
125(1)
Conditions favoring Thermal Energy Storage
125(1)
Cool Storage
125(1)
Ice Storage
126(1)
Phase Change Material (PCM) Storage
126(1)
Cool Storage---Evaporative Cooling
126(1)
ECM Descriptions---Electrical
126(2)
Power Factor Correction
126(2)
Load Balancing
128(1)
ECM Descriptions---Compressed Air
128(1)
Lower Compressed Air Pressure
128(1)
Lowr Compressed Air Inlet Temperature
128(1)
Use Waste Heat for Space Heating
128(1)
Chapter 6 Utility Rate Components
129(6)
Electric
129(6)
Energy
129(1)
Sliding Scale (Block Rates)
129(1)
Market Adjustment
129(1)
Time of Use
129(1)
Demand Charges
130(1)
Load Factor
130(1)
Example Re-Scheduling Loads to Improve Load Factor
130(1)
Power Factor
131(2)
Ratchet Clause (Minimum Demand)
133(1)
Interruptible
133(1)
Gas
134(1)
Energy
134(1)
Sliding Scale (Block Rates)
134(1)
Market Adjustment
134(1)
Interruptible
134(1)
Chapter 7 Automatic Control Strategies
135(40)
Cost/Benefit Ratio for Control System ECMs
136(1)
Control System Application Notes
136(1)
Lighting Control Strategies-Basic
137(1)
HVAC Control Strategies-Basic
138(28)
Energy-Saving HVAC Control Settings
140(7)
Percent Heating Change per Degree of Indoor Temperature Change
147(19)
Lighting Control Strategies---Advanced
166(1)
Daylight Harvesting
166(1)
Programmable Lighting Ballast
166(1)
HVAC Control Strategies-Advanced
166(6)
Occupancy Sensor Control of HVAC
167(1)
Optimized VAV Box Minimum Setting Reset
167(1)
Optimized Supply Air Static Pressure Reset - VAV Systems
168(1)
Optimized Supply Water Pressure Reset---Variable Pumping Systems
168(1)
Condenser Water Reset and Optimized Evaporative Cooling Setting
168(1)
Optimized Supply Air Temperature Reset for VAV Air Systems from Zone Demand
169(1)
CO2 Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV)
169(1)
Optimized Ventilation Reset by People Count
169(1)
Optimized Ventilation Effectiveness by Season
170(1)
Schedule Ventilation Rates to Correspond with Planned Occupancy Patterns
170(1)
Optimized Sequencing of Multiple Chillers / Boilers
170(1)
Optimized Hot Water Reset from Zone Demand
170(1)
Multi-Zone Hot Deck / Cold Deck Reset from Zone Demand
171(1)
Dual Duct Terminal Unit: Split Damper and Add Dead Band
171(1)
District Heating and Cooling Delta-T Control
171(1)
Other Control Sequences
172(1)
Water Side Economizer
172(1)
Other Ways to Leverage DDC Controls
173(1)
Control System Calibration
174(1)
Chapter 8 Building Operations And Maintenance
175(16)
Closing a Facility for Part of a Week
175(1)
Closing a Portion of a Facility for Extended Periods
175(1)
Facility Repair costs
176(1)
Maintenance Value
176(1)
Poor Indoor Comfort and Indoor Air Quality Costs
176(1)
Comfort Productivity Increase
176(1)
Indoor Air Quality Productivity Increase
177(1)
Productivity Value
177(1)
Maintenance Energy Benefits
178(5)
Cleaning Evaporator Air Coils
178(1)
Cleaning Condenser Coils
178(1)
Cleaning Condenser Coils and Evaporator Coils
178(1)
Early Filter Change Out
179(1)
Cleaning Chiller Condenser Tubes
179(1)
Cleaning Chiller Evaporator Tubes
179(1)
Cleaning Chiller Condenser Tubes and also Evaporator Tubes
179(1)
Cleaning Boiler Fire Tubes
179(1)
Cleaning Boiler Water Tubes
179(1)
Cleaning Boiler Fire Tubes and also Water Tubes
180(1)
Efficiency Gains from Cleaning Fouled Combustion Heat Exchangers
181(2)
Notes on Heat Approach Values
183(1)
Heat Exchanger Approach Diagrams
184(7)
Chapter 9 Quantifying Savings
191(76)
Measure Interactions
192(2)
Bin Weather Used to Estimate Load Profile and ECM Savings
194(1)
Rough Estimating Envelope Improvement Savings
195(1)
Establishing the HVAC Load Profile
196(2)
Adjusting the HVAC Load Profile for Humid Climates
198(4)
Adjusting the HVAC Load Profile for Overlapping Heating and Cooling
202(3)
Sample Savings Calculations
205(51)
Load-Following Air and Water Flows vs. Constant Flow (VSD Benefit)
205(6)
Supply Air Reset vs. Reheat---Constant Volume
211(4)
Supply Air Reset with VAV vs. Increased Fan Energy
215(2)
Condenser Water Reset vs. Constant Temperature
217(9)
Chilled Water Reset with Variable Pumping vs. Increased Pump Energy
226(3)
Water-Side Economizer vs. Chiler Cooling
229(9)
Higher Efficiency Lighting vs. Existing Lighting
238(3)
Higher Efficiency Motors vs. Existing Motors
241(4)
Higher Efficiency Chiller vs. Existing Chiller
245(1)
Higher Efficiency Boiler vs. Existing Boiler
246(2)
Hot Water Reset from Outside Air vs. Constant Hot Water Temperature
248(5)
Reduce Air System Friction Losses---Constant Volume
253(3)
Computer Modeling
256(3)
Measurement and Verification (M&V)
259(1)
Establishing the M&V Baseline
260(2)
Normalizing Baseline Data
262(2)
Macro Baselines-for Goals and Projections
264(3)
Chapter 10 Sustaining Savings
267(6)
Tendency for Initial Savings to Deteriorate
267(1)
Project Risk
267(1)
Maintaining Initial Savings
267(1)
Checklist for Service Access and Operations
268(5)
SECTION II GENERAL INFORMATION
Chapter 11 Mechanical Systems
273(56)
Relative Energy Efficiency of Air Conditioning Systems
273(1)
HVAC System Types
274(3)
Water-Cooled vs. Air Cooled
277(1)
Thermal Energy Transport Notes
277(1)
Single Pass Mechanical Systems
278(2)
Chillers
280(8)
Chilled Water System Auxiliaries
282(1)
Part Load Chilled Water System Performance
282(3)
Variable Flow Pumping---Chillers
285(3)
Cooling Towers and Evaporative Fluid Coolers
288(1)
Cooling Tower Approach
289(1)
Dry Coolers
289(1)
Electronic Expansion Valves
290(1)
Air and Water Circulating System Resistance
290(2)
Air Horsepower
290(1)
Water Horsepower
291(1)
Velocity Head (Hv) Formulas
291(1)
Fan/Pump Motor Work Equation
292(1)
Fan and Pump Efficiencies
293(1)
Thermal Break-Even Concept for Buildings
293(2)
Energy Implications of the Thermal Break Even Temperature
294(1)
Heating/Cooling Impact from Reduced Internal Loads
295(4)
Air-Side Economizer
299(3)
Cooling Energy Balance for Heat Producing Equipment
302(2)
Humidifiers
304(1)
Kitchen Hoods and Make Up Air
305(1)
Heat Pumps
305(6)
Refrigeration Cycle
311(4)
Evaporative Cooling
315(6)
Psychrometric Diagrams of Evaporative Cooling Processes
317(4)
Spot Cooling
321(1)
VAV Reheat Penalty
322(1)
Glycol vs. Efficiency
322(4)
Cost of Ventilation
326(1)
Simultaneous Heating and Cooling
327(2)
Chapter 12 Motors and Electrical Information
329(16)
Full Load Motor Efficiency
329(2)
Part Load Motor Efficiency---Constant Speed
331(1)
Part Load Motor Efficiency---Variable Speed
332(1)
Effect of Voltage Changes on Induction Motor Characteristics
333(1)
Voltage Imbalance
333(3)
Sources of Motor Losses
336(1)
Common Motor Design Characteristics
336(1)
Permanent Magnet Motors
337(1)
Fractional Horsepower Motors
338(1)
Variable Speed Drives
339(3)
Power Factor
342(3)
Chapter 13 Combustion Equipment And Systems
345(14)
Steam Cost
345(1)
Combustion Efficiency
345(2)
Boiler Heating Output When Only Heating Surface Area is Known
347(1)
Minimum Stack Gas Temperatures vs. Corrosion
347(1)
Boiler Standby Heat Loss (Boiler Skin Loss)
347(2)
Boiler Cycling Losses
349(1)
Savings from Various Boiler Improvements
349(2)
Pilot Light Fuel Consumption
351(1)
Natural Draft Flue -Dilution Air
352(1)
Savings of Process Heating Equipment Improvements
353(1)
Savings from Steam System Improvements
354(2)
Reduce Steam Pressure
354(1)
Steam Leaks
354(2)
Flue Gas Recoverable Heat
356(1)
Savings from Reducing Excess Air
357(1)
Generator Fuel Consumption
357(2)
Chapter 14 Compressed Air
359(6)
Compressed Air Cost
359(1)
Compressed Air Leaks
360(1)
Air Compressor Full Load Efficiency
360(1)
Air Compressor Part Load Efficiency
361(1)
Savings from Reduced Compressed Air Pressure
361(1)
Savings from Cooler Inlet Air
361(1)
Heat Recovery Potential for Compressed Air
362(1)
Efficiency of Conversion for Compressed Air
363(1)
Regenerative Air Driers (Desiccant Type)
363(2)
Chapter 15 Fan and Pump Drives
365(18)
Fan/Pump Capacity Modulation Methods
365(1)
Relative Power Consumption Among Flow Control Options
366(1)
V-Belts
367(1)
Synchronous Belts
368(2)
Variable Speed Drive Considerations
370(1)
Best Eficiency Point (BEP)
371(1)
Pump/Fan Curve Characteristics
372(1)
Wire-To-Water Efficiency
373(1)
VSD Savings: Square Instead of Cube
374(1)
Affinity Law, Modified for VFD Savings
374(1)
Affinity Law Application Where Static Head is Involved
374(6)
Efficiencies of Centrifugal Fans/Pumps at Reduced Speed
377(3)
Savings Impact When Controlling to a Constant Downstream Pressure---VAV and Variable Pumping
380(1)
Savings from Lowering Downstream Maintained Pressure Setting
381(2)
Chapter 16 Lighting
383(10)
Lighting terms
384(1)
Dimming
384(1)
Light Colored Surfaces
385(1)
Reflectance Parameters for Picking Interior Surfaces and Colors
385(1)
Lighting Technology Properties
386(1)
Lighting Energy Use, Pct of Total Electric, by Building Type
387(1)
Lighting Hours by Building Type
387(1)
Typical Recommended Lighting Levels
388(1)
Lighting Recommended Lighting Levels
388(1)
Lighting Opportunities
389(1)
Occupancy Sensor Energy Savings
390(1)
Lighting Impacts on HVAC Use by Climate
390(1)
Lighting Power Budget Values Watts/SF
391(2)
Chapter 17 Envelope Information
393(20)
BLC Heat Loss Method
393(2)
Calculate Break Even Temperature using BLC
394(1)
R-Value Reduction from Stud Walls
395(1)
Glazing Properties
396(5)
High Performance Glazing
397(1)
Shading Coefficient (SC) and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC)
397(2)
Low E Coatings
399(1)
Silk Screened Glass
400(1)
Window Films
400(1)
Exterior Shading
400(1)
Envelope Tradeoffs with Glazing
401(1)
Infiltration
401(2)
Air Flow Created from Building Stack Effect
403(3)
Air Flow Through Open Dock Doors
406(2)
Door Infiltration Rates
408(1)
Composite U-Values for Envelope Evaluation
409(4)
Percent Glazing Effect on Overally Gross Wall Insulation U-Value
410(1)
Percent Skylight / Clerestory Effect on Overall Gross Roof Insulation U-Value
410(3)
Chapter 18 Water and Domestic Water Heating
413(4)
Water Consumption for Water-Cooled Equipment
413(1)
Cooling Tower Blow Down vs. Cycles of Concentration
413(1)
Plumbing Water Points of Use
414(1)
Domestic Water Heaters
414(1)
Gas or Electric
414(1)
Heat Pump Water Heaters
415(1)
Domestic Water Heater Standby Losses
415(2)
Storage Tanks for Domestic Hot Water Heaters
415(1)
Domestic Hot Water Recirculation
416(1)
Instantaneous Water Heaters
416(1)
Chapter 19 Weather Data
417(6)
Degree Days
417(1)
Bin Weather Data
418(1)
Weather Data by Days and Times
419(4)
Chapter 20 Pollution and Greenhouse Gases
423(4)
Pollution---Emission Conversion Factors by State
423(2)
Pollution---Conversion to Equivalent Number of Automobiles
425(1)
Other Environmental Considerations
426(1)
Water-Cooled Systems
426(1)
Fluorescent Lighting
426(1)
Chapter 21 Formulas and Conversions
427(26)
Efficiency
427(1)
COP, EER, kW/Ton
427(1)
Heat---Conversion Factors
428(1)
Affinity Laws---Formulas
428(1)
Electrical Formulas
429(1)
Load Factor
430(1)
Energy Transport (Circulating Water and Air)
431(1)
Heat Transfer Formulas
431(1)
HVAC Formulas and Conversions
432(1)
Altitude Correction
433(2)
Humidification Formula
435(1)
Properties of Air, Water, Ice
436(1)
Specific Heat of Air and Water
436(1)
Heating Values of Common Fuels
436(1)
Latent Heat of Water
436(1)
Insulation Formulas
437(2)
Other Useful Formula
439(1)
Fuel Switching---Electric Resistance vs. Combustion Heat
440(1)
Heat Pump---Approximate COP form High/Low Region Temperatures
441(1)
Heat Pump---Approximate kW Power from COP
442(1)
Chimney Effect
442(1)
Other Conversion Factors
443(2)
Conversion Factor Tables
445(6)
Metric Conversion Factors
451(2)
Chapter 22 Special Topics
453(110)
Early Replacement Business Justification
453(1)
Lease Arrangements---Effect on Energy Project Interest
454(2)
Data Center HVAC Systems
456(13)
Computer Data Center Energy Saving Opportunities
464(3)
Data Center Humidification
467(2)
Coordinating Upstream/Downstream Set Points
469(4)
Semiconductor Fab Multi-Stage HVAC Air Tempering
473(8)
Savings Potential
476(5)
HVAC Retrofits for the Three Worst Systems
481(5)
Chilled Water System Discussion and ECMs
486(18)
Approach to Achieving Chiller Plant Energy Savings
491(1)
Modifying Air Handling Systems to Increase System DT
492(12)
Commissioning
504(3)
Envelope Tradeoffs-Light Harvesting, Window Tinting
507(4)
HVAC Overlapping Heating and Cooling
511(13)
Part Load HVAC Efficiency
524(17)
Relative Part Load Efficiency of HVAC Air System Types
538(3)
Facility Guide Specification: Suggestions to Build-in Energy Efficiency
541(22)
APPENDIX
563(112)
Glossary of Terms
563(4)
Conflicting ECMs and `Watch Outs'
567(4)
Top 10 IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) Mistakes a CEM Should Avoid
571(1)
Energy Audit Types
572(1)
Cost Estimating---Accuracy Levels Defined
573(1)
Simple Payback vs. Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
574(4)
DSM Program Cost Effectiveness Tests
578(6)
Heat Loss from Un-Insulated Hot Piping and Surfaces
584(1)
Heat Loss from Insulated Piping
584(1)
Duct Fitting Loss Coefficients
585(2)
Evaporation Loss from Water in Heated Tanks
587(1)
Cooling Tower Cold Water Basin Heat Loss
588(1)
Clean Room Particles and Air Changes by Class
589(1)
Bin Weather Data for 5 Cities (Dry Bulb)
590(1)
Bin Weather Data for 5 Cities (Dry Bulb, Wet Bulb, Dew Point)
591(3)
Altitude Correction Factors at Different Temperatures
594(1)
Energy Use Intensity (EUI)---Per SF---By Function and Size
595(1)
Energy Use Intensity (EUI)---Per SF---By Function and Climate Zone
596(1)
Parsing CBECS Data
596(2)
CBECS Format Codes
598(2)
CBECS Climate Zone Map
600(1)
Building Use Categories Defined (CBECS)
600(5)
Operating Expenses: Percent that are from Utility Costs
605(2)
Energy Use Intensity (EUI) Per SF for Some Manufacturing Operations
607(1)
Energy Use Intensity (EUI) in Production Units for Some Mfg. Processes
608(1)
ASHRAE 90.1---Items Required for all Compliance Methods
608(5)
Service Life of Various System Components
613(3)
Equating Energy Savings to Profit Increase
616(4)
Integrated Design Examples
620(1)
Energy Audit Approach for Commercial Buildings
621(3)
Energy Audit Look-for Items
624(5)
Energy Audit---Sample Questionnaire / Checklist
629(19)
ASHRAE Psychrometric Charts 1-5
648(5)
Refrigerant Replacement Matrix
653(1)
Refrigerant Pressure-Enthalpy (Mollier) Diagrams
654(11)
Blended Refrigerants
665(1)
Pressure-Temperature Charts for Refrigerants
666(9)
Index 675