Meet the Author |
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Acknowledgments |
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Free Downloads |
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Introduction: "Grammar Tools": Helping Middle School Students Understand the Importance and Uses of Grammar |
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xi | |
Grammar: A Set of Tools |
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xiii | |
The Importance of Mentor Texts |
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xiv | |
The Gradual Release Model of Instruction |
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xiv | |
Key Elements of Middle School Writing Instruction |
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xv | |
What to Expect in this Book |
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xvii | |
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Section 1 Grammatical Concepts Aligned with Grade Six Common Core Language Standards |
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1 | (46) |
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1 Understanding the Impact of Intensive Pronouns |
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3 | (10) |
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What are Intensive Pronouns? |
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3 | (1) |
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Why Intensive Pronouns are Important to Good Writing |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students about Intensive Pronouns |
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7 | (4) |
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Final Thoughts on Intensive Pronouns |
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11 | (2) |
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2 Achieving Clarity with Proper Pronoun Case |
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13 | (10) |
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What is Proper Pronoun Case? |
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13 | (2) |
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Why Using Proper Pronoun Case is Important to Good Writing |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (2) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students about Proper Pronoun Case Use |
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19 | (3) |
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Final Thoughts on Proper Pronoun Case |
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22 | (1) |
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3 Using Punctuation to Set Off Nonrestrictive Elements |
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23 | (12) |
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What Does it Mean to Use Punctuation to Set Off Nonrestrictive Elements? |
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23 | (1) |
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Why Using Punctuation to Set Off Nonrestrictive Elements is Important to Good Writing |
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24 | (2) |
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26 | (2) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students to Punctuate Nonrestrictive Elements |
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28 | (5) |
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Final Thoughts on Using and Punctuating Nonrestrictive Elements |
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33 | (2) |
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4 Maintaining Consistency in Style and Tone |
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35 | (12) |
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What Does it Mean to Maintain Consistency in Style and Tone? |
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35 | (1) |
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Why Maintaining Consistency in Style and Tone is Important to Good Writing |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (3) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students to Maintain Consistency in Style and Tone |
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40 | (5) |
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Final Thoughts on Maintaining Consistency in Style and Tone |
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45 | (2) |
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Section 2 Grammatical Concepts Aligned with Grade Seven Common Core Language Standards |
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47 | (46) |
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5 Using Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences |
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49 | (12) |
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What are Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences? |
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49 | (3) |
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Why Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences are Important to Good Writing |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (2) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students about Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences |
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56 | (4) |
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Final Thoughts on Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences |
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60 | (1) |
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6 Using Phrases and Clauses while Recognizing and Correcting Dangling Modifiers |
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61 | (10) |
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What are Dangling Modifiers? |
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61 | (2) |
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Why is Recognizing and Correcting Dangling Modifiers Important to Good Writing? |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (3) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students about Recognizing and Correcting Dangling Modifiers |
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67 | (3) |
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Final Thoughts on Recognizing and Correcting Dangling Modifiers |
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70 | (1) |
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7 Choosing Language that Expresses Ideas Precisely and Eliminates Wordiness and Redundancy |
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71 | (12) |
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What Does it Mean to Choose Language that Expresses Ideas Precisely and Eliminates Wordiness and Redundancy? |
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71 | (2) |
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Why Choosing Language that Expresses Ideas Precisely and Eliminates Wordiness is Important to Good Writing |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students to Improve their Writing by Using Specific Nouns and Strong Verbs |
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76 | (4) |
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Final Thoughts on Using Language that Expresses Ideas Precisely and Eliminates Wordiness and Redundancy |
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80 | (3) |
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8 Distinguishing among Connotations of Words with Similar Denotations |
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83 | (10) |
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What are Connotations and Denotations? |
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83 | (1) |
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Why Distinguishing among Connotations of Words with Similar Denotations is Important to Good Writing |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (2) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students to Distinguish among Connotations of Words with Similar Denotations |
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88 | (4) |
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Final Thoughts on Distinguishing among Connotations of Words with Similar Denotations |
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92 | (1) |
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Section 3 Grammatical Concepts Aligned with Grade Eight Common Core Language Standards |
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93 | (50) |
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9 Explaining the Functions of Verbals |
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95 | (10) |
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95 | (2) |
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Why are Verbals Important to Good Writing? |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (2) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students about Verbals |
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100 | (3) |
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Final Thoughts on Verbals |
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103 | (2) |
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10 Forming and Using Verbs in the Active and Passive Voices |
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105 | (12) |
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What are the Active and Passive Voices? |
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105 | (1) |
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Why Understanding the Active and Passive Voices is Important to Good Writing |
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106 | (2) |
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108 | (3) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students about the Active and Passive Voices |
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111 | (5) |
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Final Thoughts on the Active and Passive Voices |
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116 | (1) |
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11 Forming and Using Verbs in the Indicative, Imperative, Interrogative, Conditional, and Subjunctive Moods |
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117 | (14) |
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What are the Indicative, Imperative, Interrogative, Conditional, and Subjunctive Moods? |
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117 | (2) |
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Why are Indicative, Imperative, Interrogative, Conditional, and Subjunctive Moods Important to Good Writing? |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (3) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students to Use the Indicative, Imperative, Interrogative, Conditional, and Subjunctive Moods |
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124 | (4) |
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Final Thoughts on Forming and Using Verbs in the Indicative, Imperative, Interrogative, Conditional, and Subjunctive Moods |
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128 | (3) |
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12 Using Punctuation to Indicate a Pause or Break |
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131 | (12) |
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What Does it Mean to Use Punctuation to Indicate a Pause or Break? |
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131 | (1) |
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Why Using Punctuation to Indicate a Pause or Break is Important to Good Writing |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (3) |
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Recommendations for Teaching Students to Use Punctuation to Indicate a Pause or Break |
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137 | (4) |
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Final Thoughts on Using Punctuation to Indicate a Pause or Break |
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141 | (2) |
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Section 4 Putting it Together |
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143 | (10) |
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13 Assessing Students' Knowledge |
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145 | (8) |
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Assessment Method One: Student-Created Analysis of a Published Text |
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146 | (2) |
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Assessment Method Two: Student-Created Exemplar and Analysis of a Grammatical Concept |
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148 | (2) |
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How to Use these Assessment Methods as Summative Assessments |
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150 | (1) |
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How to Use these Assessment Methods as Formative Assessments |
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150 | (1) |
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Using these Assessments to Guide Future Instruction |
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151 | (1) |
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Final Thoughts on Assessing Students' Knowledge |
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151 | (2) |
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Conclusion: Final Thoughts and Tips for Classroom Practice |
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153 | (4) |
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Recommendation One Discuss the Fundamental Components of a Grammatical Concept |
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154 | (1) |
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Recommendation Two Show Students Examples of this Concept in Published Texts |
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154 | (1) |
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Recommendation Three Discuss with Students Why the Grammatical Concept is Important to the Published Examples You Have Shown Them |
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154 | (1) |
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Recommendation Four Have Students Work in Small Groups to Analyze the Importance of a Grammatical Concept |
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155 | (1) |
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Recommendation Five Have Students Apply a Specific Grammatical Concept to their Writing |
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156 | (1) |
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Recommendation Six Ask Students to Reflect on the Importance of a Grammatical Concept to Effective Writing |
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156 | (1) |
Final Thoughts on the Grammar Toolkit for Grades 6--8 |
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157 | (2) |
References |
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159 | (2) |
Appendix: Reproducible Charts and Forms You Can Use in Your Classroom |
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161 | |