Preface |
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xiii | |
About the Authors |
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xv | |
1 Basic Radio Considerations |
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1 | (88) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Radio System Frontiers |
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3 | (5) |
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4 | (4) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3 Radio Communications Systems |
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8 | (9) |
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1.3.1 Radio Transmission and Noise |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (14) |
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17 | (6) |
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1.4.2 Modulation for Digital Signals |
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23 | (8) |
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1.5 Digital Signal Processing |
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31 | (27) |
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1.5.1 Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion |
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32 | (7) |
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1.5.2 Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Conversion |
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39 | (2) |
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1.5.3 Converter Performance Criteria |
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41 | (2) |
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1.5.4 Processing Signal Sequences |
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43 | (5) |
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48 | (5) |
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1.5.6 Nonlinear Processes |
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53 | (2) |
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1.5.7 Decimation and Interpolation |
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55 | (2) |
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1.5.8 DSP Hardware and Development Tools |
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57 | (1) |
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1.6 Radio Receiver Architectures |
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58 | (7) |
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1.6.1 Super-Regenerative Receivers |
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59 | (6) |
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1.7 Typical Radio Receivers |
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65 | (20) |
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1.7.1 Analog Receiver Design |
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65 | (2) |
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1.7.2 Mixed-Mode MFSK Communication System |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (3) |
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1.7.4 Software-Defined Radio Systems |
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73 | (11) |
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1.7.5 Design Example: EB 500 Monitoring Receiver |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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86 | (2) |
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1.10 Suggested Additional Reading |
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88 | (1) |
2 Radio Receiver Characteristics |
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89 | (42) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (10) |
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2.2.1 Channel Impulse Response |
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91 | (5) |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Time Response of Channel Impulse Response and Transfer Function |
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97 | (2) |
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2.3 Radio System Implementation |
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99 | (5) |
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2.3.1 Input Characteristics |
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99 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Gain, Sensitivity, and Noise Figure |
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99 | (5) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (5) |
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106 | (1) |
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2.5.2 AM Cross Modulation |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (3) |
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110 | (6) |
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113 | (1) |
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2.6.2 Error Vector Magnitude |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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119 | (1) |
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2.10 Output Characteristics |
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120 | (2) |
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2.10.1 Baseband Response and Noise |
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120 | (1) |
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2.10.2 Harmonic Distortion |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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2.10.4 Transient Response |
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122 | (1) |
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2.11 Frequency Accuracy and Stability |
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122 | (2) |
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2.12 Frequency Settling Time |
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124 | (2) |
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2.13 Electromagnetic Interference |
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126 | (1) |
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2.14 Digital Receiver Characteristics |
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127 | (3) |
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127 | (2) |
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2.14.2 Transmission and Reception Quality |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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2.17 Suggested Additional Reading |
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130 | (1) |
3 Receiver System Planning |
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131 | (72) |
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3.1 The Receiver Level Plan |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (2) |
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3.2.1 Noise Factor for Cascaded Circuits |
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134 | (1) |
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3.3 Noise Correlation in Linear Two Ports Using Correlation Matrices |
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135 | (7) |
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3.3.1 Noise Figure Test Equipment |
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139 | (1) |
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3.3.2 How to Determine the Noise Parameters |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (10) |
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3.4.1 Dynamic Range, Compression, and IMO |
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142 | (4) |
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146 | (6) |
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152 | (6) |
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3.5.1 Example of NF and IP Calculation |
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157 | (1) |
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3.6 Spurious Response Locations |
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158 | (7) |
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161 | (4) |
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165 | (2) |
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3.7.1 Single-Tuned Circuit |
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165 | (2) |
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3.7.2 Coupled Resonant Pairs |
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167 | (1) |
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3.8 Complex Filter Characteristics |
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167 | (10) |
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3.8.1 Butterworth Selectivity |
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169 | (3) |
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3.8.2 Chebyshev Selectivity |
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172 | (1) |
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3.8.3 Thompson or Bessel Selectivity |
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172 | (1) |
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3.8.4 Equiripple Linear Phase |
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173 | (1) |
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3.8.5 Transitional Filters |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (3) |
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3.8.7 Special Designs and Phase Equalization |
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176 | (1) |
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3.9 Filter Design Implementation |
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177 | (4) |
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177 | (1) |
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3.9.2 Electrical Resonators |
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178 | (2) |
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3.9.3 Electromechanical Filters |
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180 | (1) |
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3.9.4 Quartz Crystal Resonators |
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180 | (1) |
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3.9.5 Monolithic Crystal Filters |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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3.10 Time-Sampled Filters |
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181 | (7) |
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3.10.1 Discrete Fourier and z Transforms |
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182 | (1) |
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3.10.2 Discrete-Time-Sampled Filters |
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183 | (2) |
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3.10.3 Analog-Sampled Filter Implementations |
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185 | (3) |
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3.11 Digital Processing Filters |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (4) |
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3.13 IF and Image Frequency Rejection |
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195 | (1) |
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3.14 Electronically Tuned Filter |
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196 | (5) |
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197 | (3) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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3.16 Suggested Additional Reading |
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202 | (1) |
4 Receiver Implementation Considerations |
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203 | (48) |
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203 | (1) |
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4.2 Digital Implementation of Receiver Functions |
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203 | (16) |
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4.2.1 Digital Receiver Design Techniques |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (7) |
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216 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Spectral Subtraction |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (12) |
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220 | (5) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (1) |
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4.4 Simulation of System Performance |
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231 | (17) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (4) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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4.4.5 HF Medium Simulation |
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238 | (4) |
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242 | (5) |
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4.4.7 Applications of Simulation |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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4.7 Suggested Additional Reading |
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249 | (2) |
5 Software-Defined Radio Principles and Technologies |
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251 | (54) |
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251 | (3) |
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5.1.1 General Concept of a Software-Defined Radio |
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252 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Components (Analog Elements, DSP, and FPGA) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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5.2 RF Front-End Architectures |
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254 | (10) |
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5.2.1 Heterodyne Receiver |
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254 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Direct-Conversion Receiver |
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256 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Digital IF Receiver Design |
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257 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Direct-Sampling Receiver |
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258 | (2) |
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5.2.5 Broadband Receiver Design |
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260 | (2) |
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5.2.6 Multicarrier Receiver Design |
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262 | (2) |
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5.3 RF Front-End Design Considerations |
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264 | (12) |
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5.3.1 Receiver Link Budget |
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264 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Analog-to-Digital Conversion |
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265 | (6) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (2) |
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5.4 Digital Front-End Implementation |
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276 | (16) |
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5.4.1 Digital Down Conversion |
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276 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Numerically Controlled Oscillator |
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277 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Decimation and Channel Filtering |
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279 | (10) |
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5.4.4 Automatic Gain Control |
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289 | (1) |
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5.4.5 IQ Mismatch Cancellation |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Demodulation (AM/PM) |
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292 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Synchronization-Frequency Offset and Sampling Frequency Offset Correction |
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293 | (2) |
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5.5.3 Automatic Gain Control for Audio Processing |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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5.6 SDR Realization Example |
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298 | (4) |
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302 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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5.10 Suggested Additional Reading |
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303 | (2) |
6 Transceiver SDR Considerations |
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305 | (20) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (13) |
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305 | (4) |
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6.2.2 Adaptive Transmitter Predistortion |
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309 | (7) |
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6.2.3 Power Enhancement Technique |
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316 | (2) |
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6.3 Transceiver Device Implementation Examples |
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318 | (5) |
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6.3.1 AD9364 RF Transceiver |
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318 | (4) |
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6.3.2 Transceiver System Implementations |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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6.5 Suggested Additional Reading |
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323 | (2) |
7 Antennas and Antenna Systems |
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325 | (56) |
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325 | (6) |
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325 | (6) |
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7.2 Antenna Coupling Network |
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331 | (2) |
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7.3 Coupling Antennas to Tuned Circuits |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (8) |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (6) |
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7.5 Multielement Antennas |
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343 | (3) |
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7.5.1 Log-Periodic Antenna |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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7.5.5 Phased Array Antenna Systems |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (9) |
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7.6.1 Application Considerations |
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347 | (8) |
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355 | (7) |
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7.8 Adaptive Receiver Processing |
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362 | (16) |
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7.8.1 Adaptive Antenna Processing |
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363 | (5) |
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7.8.2 Adaptive Equalization |
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368 | (4) |
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7.8.3 Time-Gated Equalizer |
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372 | (2) |
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7.8.4 Link-Quality Analysis |
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374 | (3) |
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7.8.5 Automatic Link Establishment |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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7.11 Suggested Additional Reading |
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379 | (2) |
8 Mixers |
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381 | (38) |
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381 | (3) |
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382 | (2) |
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384 | (9) |
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393 | (3) |
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396 | (2) |
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398 | (9) |
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399 | (3) |
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8.5.2 Gilbert Cell Performance Analysis |
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402 | (5) |
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8.6 Wide Dynamic Range Converters |
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407 | (3) |
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410 | (1) |
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8.7 Mixer Design Considerations |
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410 | (5) |
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8.7.1 Mixer Device Implementation Example |
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412 | (3) |
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415 | (1) |
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8.9 Suggested Additional Reading |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (2) |
9 Frequency Sources and Control |
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419 | (110) |
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419 | (2) |
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420 | (1) |
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9.2 Phase-Locked Loop Synthesizers |
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421 | (47) |
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9.2.1 The Type 2, Second-Order Loop |
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422 | (5) |
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9.2.2 Transient Behavior of Digital Loops Using Tri-State Phase Detectors |
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427 | (11) |
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9.2.3 Practical PLL Circuits |
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438 | (1) |
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9.2.4 Fractional-Division Synthesizers |
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438 | (6) |
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9.2.5 Spur-Suppression Techniques |
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444 | (4) |
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9.2.6 Noise in Synthesizers |
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448 | (5) |
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9.2.7 Practical Discrete Component Examples |
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453 | (15) |
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9.3 Noise and Performance Analysis of PLL Systems |
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468 | (3) |
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469 | (2) |
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9.4 Multiloop Synthesizers |
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471 | (3) |
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9.5 Direct Digital Synthesis |
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474 | (3) |
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9.6 Monolithic PLL Systems |
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477 | (4) |
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9.7 Digital Waveform Synthesizers |
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481 | (14) |
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9.7.1 Systems Considerations |
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482 | (5) |
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9.7.2 Modulation with the Phase Accumulator Synthesizer |
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487 | (1) |
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9.7.3 RAM-Based Synthesis |
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488 | (3) |
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491 | (1) |
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491 | (1) |
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492 | (3) |
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9.8 The Colpitts Oscillator |
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495 | (26) |
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495 | (3) |
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9.8.2 Linear S-Parameters Approach |
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498 | (2) |
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9.8.3 Time-Domain-Based Analysis of Transistor Nonlinearities |
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500 | (3) |
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9.8.4 Selecting the Right Transistor |
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503 | (1) |
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9.8.5 Design Example for a 350-MHz Fixed Frequency Colpitts Oscillator |
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503 | (18) |
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521 | (1) |
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9.9 Frequency Source Device Implementation Examples |
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521 | (4) |
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9.9.1 AD9102 Waveform Generator |
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521 | (1) |
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9.9.2 ADF4355 Wideband Synthesizer |
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522 | (3) |
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525 | (1) |
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9.11 Suggested Additional Reading |
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526 | (2) |
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528 | (1) |
10 Ancillary Receiver Circuits |
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529 | (84) |
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529 | (1) |
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10.2 Amplifiers and Gain Control |
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529 | (32) |
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10.2.1 Amplifying Devices and Circuits |
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530 | (3) |
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10.2.2 Wide-Band Amplifiers |
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533 | (4) |
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10.2.3 Amplifiers with Feedback |
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537 | (8) |
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10.2.4 Gain Control of Amplifiers |
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545 | (16) |
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10.3 Demodulation and Demodulators |
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561 | (31) |
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10.3.1 Analog Demodulation |
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561 | (20) |
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10.3.2 Digital Data Demodulation |
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581 | (11) |
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10.4 Noise Limiting and Blanking |
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592 | (6) |
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595 | (2) |
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597 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Impulse Noise Blankers |
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597 | (1) |
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598 | (5) |
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603 | (1) |
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10.7 Modern Component Implementation Examples |
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604 | (7) |
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604 | (3) |
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10.7.2 DSP Example Device |
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607 | (2) |
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10.7.3 Demodulator Functional Block |
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609 | (2) |
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611 | (1) |
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10.9 Suggested Additional Reading |
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612 | (1) |
11 Performance Measurement |
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613 | (50) |
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613 | (1) |
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613 | (4) |
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11.2.1 Analog Signal Generators |
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613 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Vector Signal Generators |
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614 | (3) |
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11.3 Receiver Measurements |
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617 | (21) |
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11.3.1 Single-Tone Measurements |
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617 | (7) |
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11.3.2 Two-Tone Measurements |
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624 | (5) |
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629 | (1) |
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11.3.4 Total Dynamic Range |
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630 | (3) |
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11.3.5 Measurement of Mixer Performance |
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633 | (5) |
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638 | (14) |
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638 | (2) |
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11.4.2 Heterodyne Analyzer |
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640 | (1) |
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641 | (2) |
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11.4.4 Hybrid Implementation |
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643 | (1) |
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11.4.5 Comparison of Instrument Architectures |
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644 | (5) |
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11.4.6 Intermodulation Distortion Measurement |
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649 | (3) |
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652 | (4) |
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654 | (1) |
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11.5.2 Notch (Bandstop) Filter Design Considerations |
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654 | (1) |
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11.5.3 Determination of Optimum Noise Loading |
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654 | (1) |
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11.5.4 Measurement Observations |
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655 | (1) |
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656 | (4) |
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11.6.1 Measurement Considerations |
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657 | (3) |
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11.7 SDR versus Legacy Radio |
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660 | (1) |
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661 | (1) |
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661 | (2) |
A Example Receiver Implementation |
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663 | (14) |
Index |
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677 | |