Foreword |
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Acknowledgements |
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xii | |
Table of Cases |
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European Court of Human Rights |
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Table of Legislation and Policy Documents |
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xxix | |
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Introduction |
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1 | (7) |
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I Competition Enforcement In The EU |
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II The Commission's Private Enforcement Initiative |
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1 The Legal Framework |
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8 | (8) |
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I The Case Law Of The ECJ On Remedies |
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II The Move From Rights To Remedies |
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A Fixing the boundaries between remedial rules and procedural rules sensu stricto |
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III Application To Damages Actions For Breach Of EU Competition Law |
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2 The Underlying Right To Damages |
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16 | (20) |
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I The Establishment Of The Right To Damages As A Matter Of EU Law: Courage V Crehan |
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A The proceedings in the English courts |
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B The reference to the ECJ |
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C Further developments: the Manfredi judgment |
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II National Law: Legal Bases For Damages Actions For Breach Of EU Competition Law |
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1 Germanic systems of law |
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2 Romanistic systems of law |
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C The tortious nature of litigation for breach of EU competition law |
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D The national law analysis: the fault requirement |
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3 Indirect Purchaser Standing And Passing-On |
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36 | (33) |
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I The Theoretical Underpinnings Of Indirect Purchaser Standing And Passing-On |
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A Indirect purchaser standing |
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A Indirect purchaser standing |
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1 The Commission's position on indirect purchaser standing |
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1 The passing-on defence and unjust enrichment |
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2 The burden of proof to establish passing-on |
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4 The Commission's position on the passing-on defence |
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IV Indirect Purchaser Standing And Passing-On In The US |
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B The passing-on defence under US law |
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C Indirect purchaser standing: the rule in Illinois Brick |
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1 Exceptions to the rule in Illinois Brick |
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2 The efficiency of the rule in Illinois Brick |
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4 Proving The Infringement |
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69 | (33) |
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I Private Litigants' Access To Probative Documents In EU Cartel Damages Actions |
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A Access to documents held by the Commission |
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B Access to documents held by a national competition authority |
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C Access to documents held by the defendant: the National Grid proceedings before the English courts |
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1 Legitimate expectations |
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3 Documents ordered to be disclosed to National Grid |
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4 Further developments: the French blocking statute |
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D Access to documents held by a third party |
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E The Commission's proposals on evidence |
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F The Commission's attempts to limit discoverability in US courts |
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II The Evidential Value Of Prior Administrative Decisions |
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A Commission decisions: Article 16 of Regulation 1/2003 |
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1 The judgment of the English Court of Appeal in Crehan |
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B Commission decisions: Article 9 of Regulation 1/2003 |
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3 Romanistic jurisdictions |
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5 Further Substantive And Procedural Issues |
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102 | (24) |
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A Types of damage recoverable |
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IV Procedures For Recourse To The Expertise Of Public Authorities By The National Courts |
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A EU law: consultation of the Commission |
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B National law: consultation of the NCA |
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V Joint And Several Liability |
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6 Collective Action |
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126 | (45) |
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A The rationale for collective action |
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C Opt-in and opt-out collective action |
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II Collective Action At EU Level |
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A Collective action as a matter of EU law |
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4 The Commission's joint information note |
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5 The Commission's 2011 consultation paper |
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6 The Commission's proposal and 2013 collective redress initiative |
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III Collective Action In The Member States |
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3 s47B of the Competition Act |
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4 Further policy developments |
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b 2007 OFT recommendations |
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1 Article 3:305a Burgerlijk Wetboek |
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3 Wet Collectieve Afhandeling Massaschade, 2005 |
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IV Class Actions In The United States |
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A Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure |
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B The Class Action Fairness Act of 2005 |
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7 Private International Law Aspects |
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171 | (39) |
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A The governing law: Regulation 44/2001 |
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B Variety of choices of court |
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C The application of Regulation 44/2001 to parties domiciled outside the EU |
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D General jurisdiction: Article 2(1) |
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E Special jurisdiction: Article 5(3) and Article 6(1) |
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F Founding jurisdiction in tortious actions: Article 5(3) |
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1 The application of the Bier/Shevill jurisprudence to competition-based litigation |
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2 Article 5(3) as a basis for torpedo litigation |
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G Consolidation of claims: Article 6(1) |
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1 The English authorities on Article 6(1) |
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a Interpretation of the EU law concept of 'undertaking' |
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2 The application of Article 6(1) by the Dutch courts |
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1 Lis pendens I: Article 27 |
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2 Lis pendens II: Article 28 |
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a Irreconcilability for the purposes of Article 28(3) |
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b Connected but not identical actions |
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c The English authorities on Article 28 |
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d Article 28 and the Commission proposal |
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3 The application of lis pendens to parties domiciled outside the EU |
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I The review of Regulation 44/2001 |
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2 Litigation involving parties domiciled outside the EU |
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A The Rome II Regulation and the lex foriapproach |
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1 The general rule: Article 4 |
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2 Competition-based litigation: Article 6(3) |
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a Functioning of Article 6(3)(b) |
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3 The desirability of the lex fori approach |
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B Alternative solutions: the effects-based approach |
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1 Article 6(3)(a) of the Rome II Regulation |
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2 Problems with the effects-based approach: Mosaikbetrachtung |
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3 Mosaikbetrachtung as a concurrent matter of jurisdiction and applicable law |
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8 Quantification Of Antitrust Damages |
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210 | (49) |
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II Damage Caused By Cartels And Abusive Conduct |
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A Damage caused by cartels |
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1 Types of damage caused by cartels |
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2 Economic actors damaged by cartels |
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c Effects on producers of complements |
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d Summary of effects analysis |
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B Damage caused by abusive conduct |
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1 Types of damage caused by exploitative and exclusionary conduct |
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2 Economic actors damaged by exploitative and exclusionary conduct |
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III Quantification Of Damages |
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A Quantification of damages in cartel cases |
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2 Cross-sectional analysis |
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3 Difference-in-differences method |
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4 Simulated comparator markets |
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5 Cost-based and profitability-based approaches |
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B Damage quantification in abusive conduct cases |
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1 Damage caused by abusive behaviour and the counterfactual scenario |
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2 Illustration: quantification of damages in case of an exclusionary abuse |
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C Further aspects of damages quantification |
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1 Compounding and discounting damages |
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2 Estimation of after-effects |
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3 Accuracy of statistical methods |
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4 Remoteness and causality |
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Bibliography |
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259 | (4) |
Index |
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