Preface to the Second Edition |
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xi | |
Preface to the First Edition |
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xiv | |
0 The Origins of Complex Analysis, and Its Challenge to Intuition |
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1 | (12) |
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0.1 The Origins of Complex Numbers |
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1 | (4) |
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0.2 The Origins of Complex Analysis |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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0.4 Is Mathematics Discovered or Invented? |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (3) |
1 Algebra of the Complex Plane |
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13 | (11) |
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1.1 Construction of the Complex Numbers |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.3 A Geometric Interpretation |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4 Real and Imaginary Parts |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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1.6 The Complex Conjugate |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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1.8 The Complex Numbers Cannot be Ordered |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (3) |
2 Topology of the Complex Plane |
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24 | (35) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (5) |
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35 | (3) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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2.4.3 The Image of a Path |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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2.5.1 Preserving Direction |
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39 | (1) |
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2.6 Subpaths and Sums of Paths |
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39 | (4) |
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43 | (3) |
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46 | (6) |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (4) |
3 Power Series |
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59 | (16) |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (3) |
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3.4 Manipulating Power Series |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (3) |
4 Differentiation |
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75 | (21) |
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75 | (3) |
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4.2 The Cauchy-Riemann Equations |
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78 | (4) |
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4.3 Connected Sets and Differentiability |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (3) |
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4.6 A Glimpse Into the Future |
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87 | (5) |
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4.6.1 Real Functions Differentiable Only Finitely Many Times |
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87 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Bad Behaviour of Real Taylor Series |
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88 | (1) |
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4.6.3 The Blancmange function |
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89 | (2) |
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4.6.4 Complex Analysis is Better Behaved |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (4) |
5 The Exponential Function |
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96 | (15) |
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5.1 The Exponential Function |
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96 | (2) |
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5.2 Real Exponentials and Logarithms |
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98 | (1) |
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5.3 Trigonometric Functions |
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99 | (1) |
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5.4 An Analytic Definition of π |
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100 | (1) |
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5.5 The Behaviour of Real Trigonometric Functions |
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101 | (2) |
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5.6 Dynamic Explanation of Euler's Formula |
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103 | (1) |
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5.7 Complex Exponential and Trigonometric Functions are Periodic |
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104 | (1) |
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5.8 Other Trigonometric Functions |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (4) |
6 Integration |
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111 | (38) |
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112 | (1) |
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6.2 Complex Integration Along a Smooth Path |
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113 | (4) |
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117 | (5) |
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6.3.1 Integral Formula for the Length of Smooth Paths and Contours |
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119 | (3) |
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6.4 If You Took the Short Cut... |
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122 | (1) |
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6.5 Further Properties of Lengths |
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122 | (2) |
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6.5.1 Lengths of More General Paths |
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123 | (1) |
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6.6 Regular Paths and Curves |
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124 | (3) |
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6.6.1 Parametrisation by Arc Length |
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126 | (1) |
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6.7 Regular and Singular Points |
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127 | (3) |
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130 | (3) |
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6.8.1 Definition of Contour Integral |
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131 | (2) |
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6.9 The Fundamental Theorem of Contour Integration |
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133 | (3) |
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6.10 An Integral that Depends on the Path |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (3) |
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6.11.1 Known Properties of the Gamma Function |
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139 | (1) |
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6.12 The Estimation Lemma |
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140 | (3) |
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6.13 Consequences of the Fundamental Theorem |
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143 | (3) |
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146 | (3) |
7 Angles, Logarithms, and the Winding Number |
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149 | (20) |
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7.1 Radian Measure of Angles |
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150 | (1) |
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7.2 The Argument of a Complex Number |
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151 | (2) |
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7.3 The Complex Logarithm |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (4) |
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7.5 The Winding Number as an Integral |
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159 | (1) |
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7.6 The Winding Number Round an Arbitrary Point |
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159 | (1) |
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7.7 Components of the Complement of a Path |
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160 | (1) |
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7.8 Computing the Winding Number by Eye |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (5) |
8 Cauchy's Theorem |
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169 | (18) |
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8.1 The Cauchy Theorem for a Triangle |
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171 | (2) |
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8.2 Existence of an Antiderivative in a Star Domain |
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173 | (2) |
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8.3 An Example - the Logarithm |
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175 | (1) |
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8.4 Local Existence of an Antiderivative |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (3) |
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8.6 Applications of Cauchy's Theorem |
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180 | (3) |
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8.6.1 Cuts and Jordan Contours |
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181 | (2) |
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8.7 Simply Connected Domains |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (3) |
9 Homotopy Versions of Cauchy's Theorem |
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187 | (20) |
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9.1 Informal Description of Homotopy |
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187 | (2) |
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9.2 Integration Along Arbitrary Paths |
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189 | (2) |
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9.3 The Cauchy Theorem for a Boundary |
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191 | (4) |
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9.4 Formal Definition of Homotopy |
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195 | (2) |
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9.5 Fixed End Point Homotopy |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (3) |
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9.7 Converse to Cauchy's Theorem |
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201 | (1) |
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9.8 The Cauchy Theorems Compared |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (3) |
10 Taylor Series |
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207 | (18) |
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10.1 Cauchy Integral Formula |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (3) |
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217 | (2) |
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10.7 Local Maxima and Minima |
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219 | (1) |
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10.8 The Maximum Modulus Theorem |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (4) |
11 Laurent Series |
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225 | (18) |
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11.1 Series Involving Negative Powers |
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225 | (5) |
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11.2 Isolated Singularities |
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230 | (2) |
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11.3 Behaviour Near an Isolated Singularity |
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232 | (2) |
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11.4 The Extended Complex Plane, or Riemann Sphere |
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234 | (2) |
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11.5 Behaviour of a Differentiable Function at Infinity |
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236 | (1) |
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11.6 Meromorphic Functions |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (4) |
12 Residues |
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243 | (25) |
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12.1 Cauchy's Residue Theorem |
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243 | (3) |
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12.2 Calculating Residues |
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246 | (2) |
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12.3 Evaluation of Definite Integrals |
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248 | (10) |
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258 | (3) |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (5) |
13 Conformal Transformations |
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268 | (21) |
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13.1 Measurement of Angles |
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268 | (3) |
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13.1.1 Real Numbers Modulo 2π |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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13.1.3 Operations on Angles |
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270 | (1) |
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13.1.4 The Argument Modulo 2π |
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270 | (1) |
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13.2 Conformal Transformations |
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271 | (5) |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (3) |
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13.4.1 Mobius Maps Preserve Circles |
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278 | (1) |
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13.4.2 Classification of Mobius Maps |
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279 | (2) |
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13.4.3 Extension of Mobius Maps to the Riemann Sphere |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (3) |
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13.5.1 Laplace's Equation |
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281 | (2) |
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13.5.2 Design of Aerofoils |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (5) |
14 Analytic Continuation |
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289 | (26) |
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14.1 The Limitations of Power Series |
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289 | (2) |
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14.2 Comparing Power Series |
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291 | (2) |
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14.3 Analytic Continuation |
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293 | (3) |
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14.3.1 Direct Analytic Continuation |
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293 | (2) |
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14.3.2 Indirect Analytic Continuation |
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295 | (1) |
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14.3.3 Complete Analytic Functions |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (3) |
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14.4.1 The Logarithm as a Multiform Function |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (3) |
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14.5.1 Riemann Surface for the Logarithm |
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299 | (1) |
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14.5.2 Riemann Surface for the Square Root |
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300 | (1) |
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14.5.3 Constructing a General Riemann Surface by Gluing |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (2) |
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14.7 Conformal Maps Using Multiform Functions |
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304 | (1) |
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14.8 Contour Integration of Multiform Functions |
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305 | (6) |
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311 | (4) |
15 Infinitesimals in Real and Complex Analysis |
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315 | (35) |
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316 | (2) |
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15.2 The Relationship Between Real and Complex Analysis |
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318 | (4) |
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320 | (2) |
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15.3 Interpreting Power Series Tending to Zero as Infinitesimals |
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322 | (1) |
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15.4 Real Infinitesimals as Variable Points on a Number Line |
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323 | (1) |
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15.5 Infinitesimals as Elements of an Ordered Field |
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324 | (3) |
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15.6 Structure Theorem for any Ordered Extension Field of R |
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327 | (1) |
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15.7 Visualising Infinitesimals as Points on a Number Line |
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328 | (3) |
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15.8 Complex Infinitesimals |
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331 | (2) |
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15.9 Non-standard Analysis and Hyperreals |
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333 | (3) |
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15.10 Outline of the Construction of Hyperreal Numbers |
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336 | (1) |
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15.11 Hypercomplex Numbers |
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337 | (4) |
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15.12 The Evolution of Meaning in Real and Complex Analysis |
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341 | (5) |
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341 | (1) |
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15.12.2 Non-standard Analysis in Mathematics Education |
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342 | (2) |
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15.12.3 Human Visual Senses |
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344 | (1) |
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15.12.4 Computer Graphics |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (4) |
16 Homology Version of Cauchy's Theorem |
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350 | (24) |
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351 | (2) |
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16.0.2 Group-theoretic Interpretation |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (2) |
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16.2.1 Sums and Formal Sums of Paths |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (2) |
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16.5 Proof of Cauchy's Theorem, Homology Version |
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362 | (6) |
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16.5.1 Grid of Rectangles |
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363 | (2) |
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16.5.2 Proof of Theorem 16.2 |
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365 | (1) |
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16.5.3 Rerouting Segments |
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366 | (2) |
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16.5.4 Resumption of Proof of Theorem 16.2 |
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368 | (1) |
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16.6 Cauchy's Residue Theorem, Homology Version |
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368 | (2) |
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370 | (4) |
17 The Road Goes Ever On... |
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374 | (8) |
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17.1 The Riemann Hypothesis |
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374 | (3) |
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377 | (1) |
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17.3 Several Complex Variables |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (2) |
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381 | (1) |
References |
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382 | (1) |
Index |
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383 | |