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Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures [Kõva köide]

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(University of Maryland, College Park, USA), (University of Maryland, College Park, USA)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 632 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 2200 g, 57 Tables, black and white; 405 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Dec-2014
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1466579846
  • ISBN-13: 9781466579842
Teised raamatud teemal:
Computational Analysis and Design of Bridge StructuresSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 632 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 2200 g, 57 Tables, black and white; 405 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Dec-2014
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1466579846
  • ISBN-13: 9781466579842
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781466579842.html
Märksõnad:
The book provides information on the methods of analysis and related modeling techniques suitable for the design and evaluation of various types of bridges. For the purpose of analysis, several special topics such as strut-and-tie modeling, linear and nonlinear buckling analysis, redundancy analysis, integral bridges, dynamic/earthquake analysis and bridge geometry, will also be covered. The book is mainly focused on highway bridges, although some information is provided for railway bridges-- Fu and Wang present students, academics, researchers, and professionals working in a variety of contexts with an examination of the computational analysis and the design and modeling of contemporary and historic bridge structures. The authors have organized the main body of their text in three parts, providing a general introduction to analysis, covering bridge behavior and modeling, and special topics in bridge design, modeling, and analysis. Chung C. Fu and Shuqing Wang are faculty members of the University of Maryland. Annotation ©2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com) Gain Confidence in Modeling Techniques Used for Complicated Bridge StructuresBridge structures vary considerably in form, size, complexity, and importance. The methods for their computational analysis and design range from approximate to refined analyses, and rapidly improving computer technology has made the more refined and complex methods of analyses more commonplace. The key methods of analysis and related modeling techniques are set out, mainly for highway bridges, but also with some information on railway bridges. Special topics such as strut-and-tie modeling, linear and nonlinear buckling analysis, redundancy analysis, integral bridges, dynamic/earthquake analysis, and bridge geometry are also covered. The material is largely code independent. The book is written for students, especially at MSc level, and for practicing professionals in bridge design offices and bridge design authorities worldwide.Effectively Analyze Structures Using Simple Mathematical ModelsDivided into three parts and comprised of 18 chapters, this text:Covers the methods of computational analysis and design suitable for bridge structuresProvides information on the methods of analysis and related modeling techniques suitable for the design and evaluation of various types of bridgesPresents material on a wide range of bridge structural types and is fairly code independentComputational Analysis and Design of Bridge Structures covers the general aspects of bridges, bridge behavior and the modeling of bridges, and special topics on bridges. This text explores the physical meanings behind modeling, and reveals how bridge structures can be analyzed using mathematical models.

Arvustused

"With the increasing complexity of bridges today, bridge engineers require more contemporary references on the topic of bridge analysis. This book provides a great desktop reference for the entry-level to the seasoned bridge engineer. The authors have provided a great balance in theory and application to cover the spectrum of bridge types we design, rehabilitate, preserve, and repair in the industry today. The analysis of bridges continues to evolve to meet the complexity of todays bridges - this book will serve as a vital tool to bridge engineers challenged with implementing a more refined analysis." Shane R. Beabes, PE, AECOM, District Chief Engineer Bridges, Associate Vice President Chair - AASHTO / NSBA Joint Collaboration Committee

"Modern bridge design has evolved, along with the technology of computers, exponentially in our time. The expertise offered by these authors in this book will be invaluable to anyone interested in learning modern bridge design thru computer modeling. All of the available options for computer modeling are discussed along with their pros and cons, and are demonstrated with examples and powerful graphics. The application of today's computer technology to the art of bridge design can be a big challenge. This book lays out the available options and their limitations, for the use of computer modeling in designing virtually all types of bridge components, structure types and span lengths." William J. Moreau, P.E., New York State Bridge Authority, USA "With the increasing complexity of bridges today, bridge engineers require more contemporary references on the topic of bridge analysis. This book provides a great desktop reference for the entry-level to the seasoned bridge engineer. The authors have provided a great balance in theory and application to cover the spectrum of bridge types we design, rehabilitate, preserve, and repair in the industry today. The analysis of bridges continues to evolve to meet the complexity of todays bridges - this book will serve as a vital tool to bridge engineers challenged with implementing a more refined analysis." Shane R. Beabes, PE, AECOM, District Chief Engineer Bridges, Associate Vice President Chair - AASHTO / NSBA Joint Collaboration Committee

"Modern bridge design has evolved, along with the technology of computers, exponentially in our time. The expertise offered by these authors in this book will be invaluable to anyone interested in learning modern bridge design thru computer modeling. All of the available options for computer modeling are discussed along with their pros and cons, and are demonstrated with examples and powerful graphics. The application of today's computer technology to the art of bridge design can be a big challenge. This book lays out the available options and their limitations, for the use of computer modeling in designing virtually all types of bridge components, structure types and span lengths." William J. Moreau, P.E., New York State Bridge Authority, USA

Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Authors xxiii
Part I General 1(96)
1 Introduction
3(14)
1.1 History of bridges
3(3)
1.2 Bridge types and design process
6(3)
1.3 Loads and load factors
9(3)
1.4 Current development of analysis and design of bridges
12(1)
1.5 Outlook on analysis and design of bridges
13(4)
2 Approximate and refined analysis methods
17(40)
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Various bridge structural forms
17(6)
2.2.1 Beam deck type
18(1)
2.2.2 Slab deck type
19(2)
2.2.3 Beam-slab deck type
21(1)
2.2.4 Cellular deck type
21(2)
2.3 Approximate analysis methods
23(7)
2.3.1 Plane frame analysis method
23(7)
2.4 Refined analysis methods
30(11)
2.4.1 Grillage analogy method
30(1)
2.4.2 Orthotropic plate method
31(2)
2.4.3 Articulated plate method
33(2)
2.4.4 Finite strip method
35(1)
2.4.5 Finite element method
36(3)
2.4.6 Live load influence surface
39(2)
2.5 Different types of bridges with their selected mathematical modeling
41(16)
2.5.1 Beam bridge and rigid frame bridge
42(1)
2.5.2 Slab bridge
43(2)
2.5.3 Beam-slab bridge
45(1)
2.5.4 Cellular/box girder bridge
46(1)
2.5.5 Curved bridge
47(3)
2.5.6 Truss bridge
50(1)
2.5.7 Arch bridge
51(1)
2.5.8 Cable-stayed bridge
52(2)
2.5.9 Suspension bridge
54(3)
3 Numerical methods in bridge structure analysis
57(40)
3.1 Introduction
57(1)
3.2 Finite element method
58(25)
3.2.1 Basics
58(2)
3.2.2 Geometric and elastic equations
60(3)
3.2.3 Displacement functions of an element
63(3)
3.2.4 Strain energy and principles of minimum potential energy and virtual works
66(5)
3.2.5 Displacement relationship processing when assembling global stiffness matrix
71(2)
3.2.6 Nonlinearities
73(2)
3.2.7 Frame element
75(3)
3.2.8 Elastic stability
78(2)
3.2.9 Applications in bridge analysis
80(3)
3.3 Automatic time incremental creep analysis method
83(6)
3.3.1 Incremental equilibrium equation in creep and shrinkage analysis
84(2)
3.3.2 Calculation of equivalent loads due to incremental creep and shrinkage
86(1)
3.3.3 Automatic-determining time step
87(1)
3.3.4 A simple example of creep analysis
88(1)
3.4 Influence line/surface live loading method
89(10)
3.4.1 Dynamic planning method and its application in searching extreme live loads
89(5)
3.4.2 Transverse live loading
94(1)
3.4.3 Influence surface loading
94(3)
Part II Bridge behavior and modeling 97(300)
4 Reinforced concrete bridges
99(30)
4.1 Introduction
99(2)
4.2 Concrete and steel material properties
101(7)
4.2.1 Unconfined and confined concrete
102(2)
4.2.2 Reinforcing steel
104(2)
4.2.3 FRC and FRP
106(6)
4.2.3.1 Inverse analysis method
106(2)
4.3 Behavior of nonskewed/skewed concrete beam-slab bridges
108(4)
4.4 Principle and modeling of concrete beam-slab bridges
112(4)
4.4.1 Linear elastic modeling
112(2)
4.4.2 Nonlinear modeling
114(1)
4.4.2.1 Cracking and retention of shear stiffness
114(1)
4.4.3 FRC/FRP modeling
115(1)
4.5 2D and 3D illustrated examples: Three-span continuous skewed concrete slab bridges
116(4)
4.6 2D and 3D illustrated examples: RC T-beam bridge
120(3)
4.7 3D illustrated examples: Skewed simple-span transversely post-tensioned adjacent precast-concrete slab bridges-Knoxville Bridge, Frederick, Maryland
123(6)
5 Prestressed/post-tensioned concrete bridges
129(42)
5.1 Prestressing basics
129(5)
5.2 Principle and modeling of prestressing
134(6)
5.2.1 Tendon modeled as applied loading
135(2)
5.2.2 Tendon modeled as load-resisting elements
137(1)
5.2.3 2D and 3D modeling
137(3)
5.3 2D illustrated example of a prototype prestressed/post-tensioned concrete bridge in the United States
140(4)
5.4 3D illustrated example of a double-cell post-tensioning concrete bridge-Verzasca 2 Bridge, Switzerland
144(11)
5.4.1 Visual Bridge design system
144(1)
5.4.2 Verzasca 2 Bridge models
145(6)
5.4.2.1 Model 1: Continuous girder with constant cross section
146(1)
5.4.2.2 Model 2: Continuous girder with skew supports
147(1)
5.4.2.3 Model 3: One girder built in a single stage
147(2)
5.4.2.4 Model 4: Girder built with actual construction stages
149(1)
5.4.2.5 Model 5: Three girders skew supported
149(2)
5.4.3 Verzasca 2 Bridge analysis results
151(4)
5.4.3.1 Model 1: Continuous girder with constant cross section
151(1)
5.4.3.2 Model 2: Continuous girder with skew supports
152(1)
5.4.3.3 Model 3: One girder built in a single stage
152(1)
5.4.3.4 Model 4: Girder built with actual construction stages
153(1)
5.4.3.5 Model 5: Three girders skew supported
154(1)
5.5 3D illustrated example of US23043 precast prestressed concrete beam bridge-Maryland
155(5)
5.5.1 US23043 bridge models
156(4)
5.5.1.1 Model 1: Slab modeled with plate elements
156(3)
5.5.1.2 Model 2: Slab modeled with beam elements
159(1)
5.5.2 US23043 bridge analysis results
160(5)
5.5.2.1 Model 1: Slab modeled with beam elements
160(1)
5.6 Illustrated example of a three-span prestressed box-girder bridge
160(5)
5.7 Illustrated example of long-span concrete cantilever bridges-Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
165(6)
5.7.1 The continuous rigid frame of Sutong Bridge approach spans
167(2)
5.7.2 Results of webs' bent-down tendons
169(1)
5.7.3 Results of two approaches on deflections
169(2)
6 Curved concrete bridges
171(22)
6.1 Basics of curved concrete bridges
171(5)
6.1.1 Introduction
171(1)
6.1.2 Stresses of curved concrete box under torsion
172(4)
6.1.2.1 Equations for multiple cells
173(1)
6.1.2.2 Equilibrium equations
174(1)
6.1.2.3 Compatibility equations
175(1)
6.1.2.4 Constitutive laws of materials
176(1)
6.1.3 Construction geometry control
176(1)
6.2 Principle and modeling of curved concrete bridges
176(6)
6.2.1 Modeling of curved concrete bridges
177(4)
6.2.2 Modeling of material properties
181(1)
6.2.3 Modeling of live loads
181(1)
6.2.4 Modeling of lateral restraint and movement
182(1)
6.3 Spine model illustrated examples of Pengpo Interchange, Henan, People's Republic of China
182(3)
6.4 Grillage model illustrated examples- FHWA Bridge No. 4
185(1)
6.5 3D finite element model illustrated examples-NCHRP case study bridge
186(7)
7 Straight and curved steel I-girder bridges
193(40)
7.1 Behavior of steel I-girder bridges
193(9)
7.1.1 Composite bridge sections under different load levels
193(3)
7.1.2 Various stress effects
196(2)
7.1.3 Section property in the grid modeling considerations
198(4)
7.2 Principle and modeling of steel I-girder bridges
202(16)
7.2.1 Analysis methods
202(8)
7.2.2 Modeling in specific regions
210(2)
7.2.3 Live load application
212(2)
7.2.4 Girder-substringer systems
214(1)
7.2.5 Steel I-girder bridge during construction
215(3)
7.3 2D and 3D illustrated example of a haunched steel I-girder bridge-MD140 Bridge, Maryland
218(6)
7.4 2D and 3D illustrated example of a curved steel I-girder bridge-Rock Creek Trail Pedestrian Bridge, Maryland
224(2)
7.5 2D and 3D illustrated example of a skewed and kinked steel I-girder bridge with straddle bent
226(3)
7.6 2D and 3D illustrated example of a global and local modeling of a simple-span steel I-girder bridge-I-270 Middlebrook Road Bridge, Germantown, Maryland
229(4)
8 Straight and curved steel box girder bridges
233(32)
8.1 Behavior of steel box girder bridges
233(11)
8.1.1 Bending effects
235(2)
8.1.1.1 Longitudinal bending
236(1)
8.1.1.2 Bending distortion
237(1)
8.1.2 Torsional effects
237(6)
8.1.2.1 Mixed torsion
238(2)
8.1.2.2 Torsional distortion
240(3)
8.1.3 Plate behavior and design
243(1)
8.2 Principle and modeling of steel box girder bridges
244(5)
8.2.1 2D and 3D finite element method
244(3)
8.2.2 Consideration of modeling steel box girder bridges
247(2)
8.2.2.1 Design considerations
247(1)
8.2.2.2 Construction
247(1)
8.2.2.3 Description of the noncomposite bridge models
248(1)
8.3 2D and 3D illustrated examples of a straight box girder bridge
249(4)
8.3.1 Straight box shell model (M1)
250(1)
8.3.2 Straight box beam model (M3)
251(1)
8.3.3 Comparison results
251(2)
8.4 2D and 3D illustrated examples of a curved box girder bridge-Metro bridge over 1495, Washington, DC
253(2)
8.4.1 Curved box shell model (M2)
253(1)
8.4.2 Curved box beam model (M4)
254(1)
8.5 2D and 3D illustrated examples of three- span curved box girder bridge-Estero Parkway Bridge, Lee County, Florida
255(10)
9 Arch bridges
265(32)
9.1 Introduction
265(6)
9.1.1 Classifications of arch bridges
267(4)
9.2 Construction of arch bridges
271(9)
9.2.1 Lupu Bridge, People's Republic of China
272(3)
9.2.1.1 Foundations
273(1)
9.2.1.2 Arch ribs
274(1)
9.2.1.3 Deck girders
274(1)
9.2.2 Yajisha Bridge, People's Republic of China
275(5)
9.2.2.1 Cross section of the main arch
276(1)
9.2.2.2 Vertical rotation
276(1)
9.2.2.3 Horizontal rotation
277(3)
9.3 Principle and analysis of arch bridges
280(7)
9.3.1 Perfect arch axis of an arch bridge
280(1)
9.3.2 Fatigue analysis and affecting factors
281(4)
9.3.2.1 Positions of hangers
282(1)
9.3.2.2 Space of hangers
283(1)
9.3.2.3 Distance between side hanger and arch springing
283(2)
9.3.3 Measuring of hanger-cable force
285(2)
9.4 Modeling of arch bridges
287(2)
9.4.1 Arches
288(1)
9.4.2 Deck
288(1)
9.4.3 Hangers
288(1)
9.4.4 Stability
288(1)
9.5 3D illustrated example of construction analyses-Yajisha Bridge, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
289(3)
9.6 3D illustrated example of a proposed tied-arch bridge analyses-Linyi, People's Republic of China
292(1)
9.7 3D illustrated example of an arch bridge-Liujiang Yellow River Bridge, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
292(5)
10 Steel truss bridges
297(32)
10.1 Introduction
297(5)
10.2 Behavior of steel truss bridges
302(4)
10.2.1 Simple and continuous truss bridges
302(1)
10.2.2 Cantilevered truss bridges
303(2)
10.2.3 Truss arch bridges
305(1)
10.3 Principle and modeling of steel truss bridges
306(2)
10.4 3D illustrated example-Pedestrian pony truss bridge
308(5)
10.5 2D illustrated example-Tydings Bridge, Maryland
313(5)
10.5.1 Thermal analysis
315(3)
10.6 3D illustrated example-Francis Scott Key Bridge, Maryland
318(3)
10.7 3D illustrated examples-Shang Xin Bridge, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
321(8)
11 Cable-stayed bridges
329(40)
11.1 Basics of cable-stayed bridges
329(6)
11.2 Behavior of cable-stayed bridges
335(17)
11.2.1 Weakness of cable supports
336(1)
11.2.2 Ideal state
337(3)
11.2.3 Desired state
340(2)
11.2.4 Anchor of pylons
342(1)
11.2.5 Backward and forward analyses
343(1)
11.2.6 Geometric nonlinearity-P-Delta effect
344(1)
11.2.7 Geometric nonlinearity-Cable sag effect
345(2)
11.2.8 Geometric nonlinearity- Large displacements
347(1)
11.2.9 Stability
348(1)
11.2.10 Dynamic behavior
349(3)
11.3 Construction control
352(3)
11.3.1 Observation errors
352(1)
11.3.2 Measurement of cable forces
353(1)
11.3.3 Construction errors
353(1)
11.3.4 General procedures of construction control
354(1)
11.4 Principle and modeling of cable-stayed bridges
355(6)
11.4.1 Main girders
356(2)
11.4.2 Pylons
358(1)
11.4.3 Connections between girder and pylon
359(1)
11.4.4 Cables
360(1)
11.5 Illustrated example of Sutong Bridge, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
361(4)
11.6 Illustrated example with dynamic mode analysis of Panyu Bridge, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
365(2)
11.7 Illustrated example with dynamic mode analysis of long cables with crossties
367(2)
12 Suspension bridges
369(28)
12.1 Basics of suspension bridges
369(4)
12.2 Construction of suspension bridges
373(6)
12.2.1 Construction of pylons and anchorages and install catwalk system
373(3)
12.2.2 Erection of main cables
376(1)
12.2.3 Erection of stiffened girder
377(2)
12.3 Behavior of suspension bridges
379(10)
12.3.1 Basis of cable structures-Initial stress and large displacements
379(3)
12.3.2 Basics of suspension bridge analysis
382(2)
12.3.3 Live load analyses of a suspension bridge
384(1)
12.3.4 Determination of the initial configuration of a suspension bridge
385(2)
12.3.5 Consideration of cable tangent changes
387(1)
12.3.6 Offset of saddles and release of the deflection of pylons
388(1)
12.3.7 Low initial stress stiffness of the main cable close to pylon
388(1)
12.4 Principle and modeling of suspension bridges
389(4)
12.4.1 Main cables
389(2)
12.4.2 Hangers
391(1)
12.4.3 Stiffened girder
391(1)
12.4.4 Pylons
392(1)
12.4.5 Saddles
392(1)
12.5 3D illustrated example of Chesapeake Bay Suspension Bridge, Maryland
393(4)
Part III Special topics of bridges 397(178)
13 Strut-and-tie modeling
399(36)
13.1 Principle of strut-and-tie model
399(8)
13.1.1 Development of STM
400(3)
13.1.2 Design methodology
403(4)
13.1.2.1 Struts
403(2)
13.1.2.2 Ties
405(1)
13.1.2.3 Nodes
405(2)
13.2 Hand-calculation example of STM
407(7)
13.2.1 Hammerhead Pier No. 49 of Thomas Jefferson Bridge, Maryland
407(3)
13.2.1.1 Data
407(1)
13.2.1.2 Determination of member forces
407(1)
13.2.1.3 Design of the tie
408(1)
13.2.1.4 Design of the strut
409(1)
13.2.2 Representative pile-supported footing
410(4)
13.2.2.1 Check the capacity of the ties
411(1)
13.2.2.2 Check the capacity of struts
412(1)
13.2.2.3 Check nodal zone stress limits
413(1)
13.2.2.4 Check the detailing for the anchorage of the ties
414(1)
13.3 2D illustrated example 1-Abutment on pile
414(2)
13.3.1 General properties
415(1)
13.4 2D illustrated example 2-Walled pier
416(1)
13.5 2D illustrated example 3-Crane beam
416(5)
13.6 2D/3D illustrated example 4-Hammerhead Pier of Thomas Jefferson Bridge
421(5)
13.7 2D illustrated example 5-Integral bent cap
426(1)
13.8 Alternate compatibility STM and 2D illustrated example 6-Cracked deep bent cap
427(8)
14 Stability
435(24)
14.1 Basics of structural stability
435(2)
14.2 Buckling
437(9)
14.2.1 Linear buckling of a steel plate
439(2)
14.2.1.1 Formulation of plate buckling
439(1)
14.2.1.2 Solving plate and box girder buckling problem
440(1)
14.2.2 Linear buckling of steel members
441(21)
14.2.2.1 Buckling of steel structure members
441(2)
14.2.2.2 Buckling analysis of a pony truss by Timoshenko's method
443(1)
14.2.2.3 Case study of pony truss by Timoshenko's method
444(2)
14.3 FEM approach of stability analysis
446(1)
14.4 3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a pony truss, Pennsylvania
447(3)
14.5 3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a standard simple arch rib
450(2)
14.6 3D illustrated example with linear buckling analysis of a proposed tied-arch bridge-Linyi, People's Republic of China
452(5)
14.7 3D illustrated example with nonlinear stability analysis of a cable-stayed bridge, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
457(2)
15 Redundancy analysis
459(32)
15.1 Basics of bridge redundancy
459(3)
15.2 Principle and modeling of bridge redundancy analysis
462(3)
15.2.1 Analysis cases
463(1)
15.2.2 Finite element modeling
464(1)
15.3 3D example with redundancy analysis of a pony truss, Pennsylvania
465(10)
15.3.1 Loading cases
468(1)
15.3.2 Results
469(6)
15.3.2.1 Extreme event III
469(3)
15.3.2.2 Extreme event IV
472(3)
15.4 3D redundancy analysis under blast loading of a PC beam bridge, Maryland
475(8)
15.4.1 Bridge model
477(1)
15.4.2 Attack scenarios
478(4)
15.4.3 Analyze structural response
482(1)
15.5 3D analysis under blast loading of a steel plate girder bridge, Maryland
483(8)
15.5.1 Bridge model
485(1)
15.5.2 Attack scenarios
485(4)
15.5.3 Analyze structural response
489(2)
16 Integral bridges
491(20)
16.1 Basics of integral bridges
491(4)
16.1.1 Introduction
491(2)
16.1.2 Types of integral abutment
493(2)
16.2 Principle and analysis of IABs
495(3)
16.2.1 Force analysis
496(2)
16.3 Modeling of IABs
498(7)
16.3.1 Equivalent cantilever finite element model
498(1)
16.3.2 Soil spring finite element model
499(6)
16.3.2.1 Soil spring and p-y curve
500(1)
16.3.2.2 Soil behind the abutment
501(1)
16.3.2.3 Soil around piles
501(4)
16.3.3 Soil continuum finite element model
505(1)
16.4 Illustrated example of a steel girder bridge in soil spring finite element model
505(2)
16.4.1 Structure
506(1)
16.4.2 Soil
507(1)
16.5 Illustrated example of a steel girder bridge in 3D soil continuum finite element model
507(4)
17 Dynamic/earthquake analysis
511(36)
17.1 Basics of dynamic analysis
511(3)
17.2 Principle of bridge dynamic analysis
514(14)
17.2.1 Vehicle-bridge interaction
514(3)
17.2.2 Pedestrian bridge vibrations
517(2)
17.2.3 Bridge earthquake analysis
519(4)
17.2.3.1 Linear and nonlinear seismic analyses
520(3)
17.2.3.2 Nonlinear time-history analysis
523(1)
17.2.4 Blast loading analysis
523(4)
17.2.5 Wind analysis
527(1)
17.3 Modeling of bridge for dynamic analysis
528(8)
17.3.1 Linear elastic dynamic analysis
528(2)
17.3.2 Soil stiffness
530(3)
17.3.3 Nonlinear analysis
533(3)
17.3.3.1 Nonlinear static-Standard pushover analysis
533(2)
17.3.3.2 Nonlinear static alternate-Modal pushover analysis
535(1)
17.4 3D illustrated example of earthquake analysis by SPA, MPA, and NL-THA-FHWA Bridge No. 4
536(8)
17.4.1 Foundation stiffness
537(1)
17.4.2 Finite element model and analyses
538(6)
17.5 3D illustrated example of a high-pier bridge subjected to oblique incidence seismic waves-Pingtang bridge, People's Republic of China
544(3)
18 Bridge geometry
547(28)
18.1 Introduction
547(1)
18.2 Roadway curves
547(6)
18.2.1 Types of horizontal curves
548(2)
18.2.2 Types of vertical curves
550(1)
18.2.3 Types of transverse curves
550(1)
18.2.4 Superelevation and superwidening
550(2)
18.2.5 Bridge curves
552(1)
18.3 Curve calculations
553(5)
18.3.1 Bridge mainline curve model
553(1)
18.3.2 Roadway transverse curve model
554(1)
18.3.3 Transitions of transverse curves
555(1)
18.3.4 Spiral calculation
556(1)
18.3.5 Vertical parabola calculation
557(1)
18.4 Curve and surface tessellation
558(2)
18.5 Bridge deck point calculations
560(1)
18.6 Precast segmental bridge geometry control
561(12)
18.6.1 Basics
561(3)
18.6.1.1 Long-line casting and short-line casting
561(1)
18.6.1.2 Final curve and theoretical casting curve
562(2)
18.6.1.3 Casting segment and match cast segment
564(1)
18.6.2 Casting and matching
564(2)
18.6.3 Control points and transformation
566(1)
18.6.4 Procedures of casting and control
566(1)
18.6.5 Error finding and correction
567(1)
18.6.6 Evolution of geometry control in precast segmental bridge
568(1)
18.6.7 Geometry transformation
568(3)
18.6.7.1 Direction cosines
569(1)
18.6.7.2 Direction cosines matrix of a local coordinate system
569(1)
18.6.7.3 Transformation between two coordinate systems
570(1)
18.6.7.4 Definition of the casting system in global system
570(1)
18.6.8 An example of short-line match casting geometry control
571(2)
18.7 Trend of bridge computer modeling and visualization
573(2)
References 575(16)
Index 591
Chung C. Fu, PhD, PE, FASCE, is research professor and bridge consultant, and director of the Bridge Engineering Software and Technology (BEST) Center at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. His publications include 50 referred publications, 20 publications, more than 100 presentations and conference proceedings, and 50 public technical reports. His areas of expertise cover all types of structural engineering, bridge engineering, earthquake engineering, computer application in structures, finite element analysis, ultra high-performance concrete, steel and composite applications, including fiber-reinforced polymer and high-performance steel for innovative bridge research and construction, bridge management, testing (material and structural), and nondestructive evaluation applications.







Shuqing Wang

, PhD, PE, is a senior GIS specialist on contract with the Federal Highway Administration; research fellow/bridge consultant in bridge software development and structural analysis at the BEST Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland; and former director of the Bridge CAD Division at the Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Peoples Republic of China. His areas of expertise span from leading-edge software technologies to bridge engineering practices, especially modern bridge modeling and structural analysis system development. His research interests now focus on visualizing structural behavior in real time and representing bridge geometric and mechanics models in three dimensions.