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Computational Electromagnetic-Aerodynamics [Kõva köide]

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This book is the first to address modeling and simulation science and technology for studying ionized gas phenomena in engineering applications. The first three chapters consist of an introduction to the fundamentals of plasmadynamics, chemical-physics of ionization, formulations of classical magnetohydrodynamics, and their extension to the engineering applications. The next three chapters of the book provide in-depth descriptions of numerical algorithms and procedures for solving Maxwell and Navier-Stokes equations for plasma wave propagation, radar signature prediction, and fluid motion that can enhance aerodynamic performance by electromagnetic effects. Emphasis is placed on overlapping areas of technical issues and realizable application opportunities. The last four chapters discuss the interaction of electromagnetic fields with ionized fluid flow for aerodynamic applications.

Preface ix
1 Plasma Fundamentals
1(35)
Introduction 1(35)
1.1 Electromagnetic Field
3(4)
1.2 Debye Length
7(3)
1.3 Plasma Frequency
10(2)
1.4 Poisson Equation of Plasmadynamics
12(1)
1.5 Electric Conductivity
13(3)
1.6 Generalized Ohm's Law
16(3)
1.7 Maxwell's Equations
19(1)
1.8 Waves in Plasma
20(3)
1.9 Electromagnetic Waves Propagation
23(4)
1.10 Joule Heating
27(2)
1.11 Transport Properties
29(3)
1.12 Ambipolar Diffusion
32(4)
References
34(2)
2 Ionization Processes
36(33)
Introduction
36(2)
2.1 Microscopic Description of Gas
38(5)
2.2 Macroscopic Description of Gas
43(4)
2.3 Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium
47(3)
2.4 Saha Equation of Ionization
50(1)
2.5 Ionization Mechanisms
51(3)
2.6 Photoionization
54(2)
2.7 Thermal Ionization
56(5)
2.8 Electron Impact Ionization
61(8)
References
67(2)
3 Magnetohydrodynamics Formulation
69(33)
Introduction
69(2)
3.1 Basic Assumptions of MHD
71(3)
3.2 Ideal MHD Equations
74(6)
3.3 Eigenvalues of Ideal MHD Equation
80(6)
3.4 Full MHD Equations
86(5)
3.5 Shock Jump Condition in Plasma
91(4)
3.6 Solutions of MHD Equations
95(7)
References
100(2)
4 Computational Electromagnetics
102(44)
Introduction
102(3)
4.1 Time-Dependent Maxwell Equations
105(3)
4.2 Characteristic-Based Formulation
108(4)
4.3 Governing Equations on Curvilinear Coordinates
112(9)
4.4 Far Field Boundary Conditions
121(2)
4.5 Finite-Difference Approximation
123(8)
4.6 Finite-Volume Approximation
131(6)
4.7 High-Resolution Algorithms
137(9)
References
143(3)
5 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation and Scattering
146(46)
Introduction
146(1)
5.1 Plane Electromagnetic Waves
147(3)
5.2 Motion in Waveguide
150(5)
5.3 Wave Passes through Plasma Sheet
155(5)
5.4 Pyramidal Horn Antenna
160(8)
5.5 Wave Reflection and Scattering
168(9)
5.6 Radar Signature Reduction
177(3)
5.7 A Prospective of CEM in the Time Domain
180(12)
References
189(3)
6 Computational Fluid Dynamics
192(45)
Introduction
192(2)
6.1 Governing Equations
194(5)
6.2 Viscous--Inviscid Interactions
199(10)
6.3 Self-Sustained Oscillations
209(12)
6.4 Vortical Dynamics
221(7)
6.5 Laminar--Turbulent Transition
228(9)
References
232(5)
7 Computational Electromagnetic-Aerodynamics
237(42)
Introduction
237(2)
7.1 Multifluid Plasma Model
239(3)
7.2 Governing Equations of CEA
242(8)
7.3 Chemical Kinetics for Thermal Ionization
250(8)
7.4 Chemical Kinetics for Electron Impact Ionization
258(4)
7.5 Transport Properties
262(6)
7.6 Numerical Algorithms
268(11)
References
276(3)
8 Modeling Electron Impact Ionization
279(46)
Introduction
279(3)
8.1 Transport Property via Drift-Diffusion Theory
282(7)
8.2 Drift-Diffusion Theory in Transverse Magnetic Field
289(3)
8.3 Boundary Conditions on Electrodes
292(8)
8.4 Quantum Chemical Kinetics
300(5)
8.5 Numerical Algorithms
305(6)
8.6 Innovative Numerical Procedures
311(14)
References
322(3)
9 Joule-Heating Actuators
325(44)
Introduction
325(2)
9.1 Features of Direct Current Discharge
327(6)
9.2 Virtual Leading Edge Strake
333(8)
9.3 Magnetic Field Amplification
341(8)
9.4 Virtual Variable Geometry Cowl
349(9)
9.5 Trailing Edge of Airfoil
358(4)
9.6 Hydrodynamic Stability and Self-Oscillation
362(7)
References
366(3)
10 Lorentz-Force Actuator
369(50)
Introduction
369(2)
10.1 Remote Energy Deposition
371(5)
10.2 Stagnation Point Heat Transfer Mitigation
376(3)
10.3 Features of Dielectric Barrier Discharge
379(11)
10.4 Periodic Electrostatic Force
390(12)
10.5 DBD Flow Control Actuator
402(4)
10.6 Laminar--Turbulent Transition
406(2)
10.7 Ion Thrusters for Space Exploration
408(5)
10.8 Plasma Micro Jet
413(6)
References
415(4)
Index 419
Joseph Shang is a Research Professor Emeritus at Wright State University, USA, and a Scientist Emeritus at the Air Force Research Laboratory. He received his PhD in Aerospace Engineering from Ohio State University. Dr. Shang is a pioneer of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), and led the development of three-dimensional, mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations simulations for the aerodynamic performance of aerospace vehicles as well as the characteristic-based formulation for solving three-dimensional Maxwell equations in the time domain. He is a fellow of the American Institute of Aeronauts and Astronautics, and serves on the advisory board of the Aerospace Engineering Department. He has written nearly 400 articles and conference papers, as well as 14 book chapters.