| Preface |
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| Chapter 1 Catch Me If You Can Game as Well as Packaging System Efficient Design Using Arduino UNO |
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Trinadh Manikanta Gangadhar Dangeti |
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Naga Subrahmanyam Boddeda |
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Manikanta Prem Kumar Bheemuni |
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This chapter is about a basic power-efficient object dropping game named "Catch Me If You Can," which works on the Arduino platform. |
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A dropping mechanism is developed using the servo motors interfaced to Arduino. |
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The mechanism includes an object holder attached to the servomotor and a loading tube. |
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The dropping of the objects is controlled by any wireless Bluetooth controlling device like a mobile phone or joystick and by the keypad interface installed in the design. |
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The game is about catching the objects dropping randomly as a challenge which is controlled by the operator. |
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The overall simulated design can be done in EasyEDA platform. |
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The overall game can be controlled by an app which is designed by MIT App Inventor. |
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This game can be implemented in Amusement parks, exhibitions, kid schools, and shopping malls. |
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Besides this entertainment aspect, commercially it works as a small-scale product packaging system by involving DC motors, which are needed in moving packaging belts. |
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This mechanism is efficient in packaging products in some specific count. |
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| Chapter 2 Reconstruction of 2D Images Into 3D |
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3D reconstruction is a long-standing complication when comes to testing happening from decades from machine learning, computer graphics, and computer perspective environments. |
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Using CNN for the reconstruction of the 3D image has enchanted growing attentiveness and shown spectacular execution. |
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Emerging in the new era of abrupt development, this chapter lays out an in-depth study of the latest developments in the field. |
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Its focuses on activities that use in-depth learning strategies for measuring the 3D status of common things from one or more RGB images. |
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It organizes based on literature in the layout presentations, network structures, and training methods they use. |
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As the survey was conducted for methods of reconstructing common objects, this chapter also evaluates some of the latest efforts that emphasize particular categories of an object such as the shape of the human body and face. |
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This provides an examination and correspondence of the execution of some important papers, summarizing some open-ended issues in the field, and exploring encouraging indications for subsequent research. |
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| Chapter 3 Machine Learning Based Intrusion Detection System for Denial of Service Attack |
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29 | (19) |
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Machine learning-based intrusion detection system (IDS) is a research field of network security which depends on the effective and accurate training of models. |
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The models of IDS must be trained with new attacks periodically; therefore, it can detect any security violations in the network. |
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One of most frequent security violations that occurs in the network is denial of service (DoS) attack. |
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Therefore, training of IDS models with latest DoS attack instances is required. |
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The training of IDS models can be more effective when it is performed with the help of machine learning algorithms because the processing capabilities of machine learning algorithms are very fast. |
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Therefore, the work presented in this chapter focuses on building a model of machine learning-based intrusion detection system for denial of service attack. |
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Building a model of IDS requires sample dataset and tools. |
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The sample dataset which is used in this research is NSL-KDD, while WEKA is used as a tool to perform all the experiments. |
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| Chapter 4 Reliability Importance Measures-Based Analysis of Substation Communication Network |
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48 | (19) |
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Smart grid can work effectively only when a reliable, fast communication network is available. |
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The communication network is a prerequisite to connect different protection, control, and monitoring equipment within the substation. |
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Ethernet fulfills all the requisites such as reliable, fast, secure, interoperable, LAN-based communication system for smart substations. |
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Therefore, the main aspect is to improve the reliability of the network by prioritizing the critical components by using the knowledge of component importance measures (CIM). |
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In this chapter, analysis of IEC 61850 ethernet-based substation communication network (SCN) architectures has been examined using various reliability importance measures (RIM). |
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The importance measures namely Birnbaum, improvement potential, criticality importance, and reliability achievement worth have given their justified rankings of the various components of SCN architectures. |
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The practice of these CIMs works towards the identification of the components that can be allocation of resources for the improvement of system reliability. |
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| Chapter 5 Solution to Big Data Security Issues |
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Organizations now have knowledge of big data significance, but new challenges stand up with new inventions. |
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These challenges are not only limited to the three Vs of big data, but also to privacy and security. |
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Attacks on big data system ranges from DDoS to information theft, ransomware to end user level security. |
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So implementing security to big data system is a multiple phase-based ongoing process in which security is imposed from perimeter level to distributed file system security, cloud security to data security, storage to data mining security, and so on. |
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In this chapter, the authors have identified some key vulnerable point related to big data and also proposed a security model. |
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| Chapter 6 Machine Learning Approaches for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction: A Survey |
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75 | (10) |
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In a human body, the heart is the second primary organ after the brain. |
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It causes either a long-term impairment or death of a person if suffering from a cardiovascular disease. |
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In medical science, a proper medical analysis and examination of a cardiovascular disease is very crucial, convincing, and sophisticated task for saving a human life. |
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Data analytics rises because of the absence of sufficient practical tools for exploring the trends and unknown relationships in e-health records. |
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It predicts and achieves information which can ease the diagnosis. |
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This survey examines cardiovascular disease prediction systems developed by different researchers. |
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It also reviews the trend of machine learning approaches used in the past decade with results. |
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Related studies comprise the performance of various classifiers on distinct datasets. |
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| Chapter 7 Review of an EMG-Controlled Prosthetic Arm |
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85 | (8) |
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Amputation, especially of the upper limbs, is a condition that exists in almost all parts of the world. |
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There are more than 110 thousand amputees in India itself. |
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It is extremely difficult for amputees to carry out their daily activities and to deal with daily life as normal people do. |
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The purpose of the myoelectric prosthesis is to restore the basic functions of the lost organs in the joint using neural signals produced by the muscles. |
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Unfortunately, the use of such myosignals is complicated. |
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In addition, once detected, it usually requires a computational force strong enough to convert it into a user-controlled signal. |
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Its modification to the actual function of the implant is limited by a number of factors, especially those associated with the fact that each amputee has a different muscle movement. |
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Modified artificial intelligence systems designed for pattern recognition have the potential to improve the size of implants but still fail to provide a system in which artificial arms can be controlled by brain signals. |
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| Chapter 8 Analysis and Design of a Parallel Switched-Inductor DC-DC Converter |
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93 | (18) |
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This chapter proposes a switched inductor configuration-based non-isolated DC-DC converter with high voltage gain. |
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The proposed converter has two output capacitors instead of a single output capacitor for voltage boosting capabilities. |
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Enhancement of the output voltage with the addition of more number of switched inductor cells is also possible in this configuration. |
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The most advantageous factor of this proposed converter is the use of low-voltage semiconductor devices as they don't require large heat sinks. |
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The converter operation in the steady state is fully analyzed. |
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In addition to that, for the purpose of stability analysis, the small signal model for the proposed converter has also been developed. |
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The frequency response using the small-scale transfer function of the converter has also been done by employing MATLAB. |
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A suitable controller with suitable parameters has also been designed to improve the overall stability of the DC-DC converter in consideration. |
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The results obtained after simulation verifies the feasibility of the converter. |
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| Chapter 9 Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Cardiovascular Disease Prediction |
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Cardiovascular disease prediction is a research field of healthcare which depends on a large volume of data for making effective and accurate predictions. |
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These predictions can be more effective and accurate when used with machine learning algorithms because it can disclose all the concealed facts which are helpful in making decisions. |
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The processing capabilities of machine learning algorithms are also very fast which is almost infeasible for human beings. |
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Therefore, the work presented in this research focuses on identifying the best machine learning algorithm by comparing their performances for predicting cardiovascular diseases in a reasonable time. |
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The machine learning algorithms which have been used in the presented work are naive Bayes, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest. |
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The dataset which has been utilized for this comparison is taken from the University of California, Irvine (UCI) machine learning repository named "Heart Disease Data Set." |
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| Chapter 10 IoT-Based Dynamic Traffic Management and Control for Smart City in India |
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127 | (13) |
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The world is becoming smart as IoT is now an integral part of individuals' routine lives. |
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To control any devices at any place and at anytime from anywhere is now just a matter of access. |
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The goal of this work is to provide simple, efficient, cost-effective, and reliable communication system for traffic management. |
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Keeping in view the aim of smart city, after cleanliness, traffic is the major concern nowadays. |
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A case study is presented through proposed model in this work that will help in improving traffic condition of the city. |
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The available data is analyzed and processed through Raspberry-pi. |
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This data is simultaneously being updated at the web server through cloud. |
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Based on the data available in real time, the system enables controlling traffic system dynamically. |
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This helps in reducing congestion and provides fast going way for heavy vehicular traffic. |
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The system can be clubbed with existing centralized traffic control system in the Indore city to manage traffic conditions in a better way. |
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| Chapter 11 Machine Learning Based Intrusion Detection System: A Survey |
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140 | (10) |
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Security is one of the fundamental issues for both computer systems and computer networks. |
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Intrusion detection system (IDS) is a crucial tool in the field of network security. |
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There are a lot of scopes for research in this pervasive field. |
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Intrusion detection systems are designed to uncover both known and unknown attacks. |
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There are many methods used in intrusion detection system to guard computers and networks from attacks. |
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These attacks can be active or passive, network based or host based, or any combination of it. |
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Current research uses machine learning techniques to make intrusion detection systems more effective against any kind of attack. |
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This survey examines designing methodology of intrusion detection system and its classification types. |
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It also reviews the trend of machine learning techniques used from past decade. |
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Related studies comprise performance of various classifiers on KDDCUP99 and NSL-KDD dataset. |
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| Chapter 12 Low-Cost Wireless Speed Control and Fault Mitigation of Three-Phase Induction Motor |
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150 | (13) |
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This chapter presents a design proposal for low-cost speed control and electrical fault mitigation of three-phase induction motors. |
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The proposed system can control and monitor TIMs (three-phase induction motors) from far-flung areas. |
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Here authors have proposed a relay-free system for fast fault clearance. |
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IoT technology and low-cost microcontrollers have helped in achieving a system that is more reliable, economical, user friendly, and fast. |
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It can be controlled by mobile application at the comfort of home. |
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Data related to fault occurrence can be stored and analyzed for preventive maintenance. |
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V/f scalar control method is used for speed control of TIM and able to control it in a wide range. |
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Electrical faults such as over-current, over-temperature, over-voltage, and under-voltage are considered in this chapter. |
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Simulation of the proposed design is done using Proteus 8 software. |
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ESP32 is used to runs a web server that connects the mobile app with simulation. |
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| Chapter 13 Reliability of Smart Grid Including Cyber Impact: A Case Study |
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Smart grid has changed power systems and their reliability concerns. |
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Along with that, cyber security issues are also introduced due to the use of intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), wireless sensory network (WSN), and internet of things (IoT) for two-way communication. |
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This chapter presents a review of different methods used from 2010 to 2020 focusing on citation as the main criteria for reliability assessment of smart grids and proposals to improve reliability when it comes to assessing a practical transmission system. |
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It shows that evolutionary techniques are the latest trend for smart grid security. |
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| Chapter 14 Customer-Operated Solar Photovoltaic System to Improve the System and Customer Reliability: Solar Photovoltaic System Incorporation for Reliability Analysis of Composite System |
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In this chapter, the advantage of distributed generation can be seen in terms of system reliability and reliability of customer load. |
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The solar photovoltaic (SPV) system is one of the distributed generations that may lead to the supply of electrical energy. |
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The customer at the site of load demand mainly uses the SPV system. |
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The installation of the SPV system is advantageous for the electrical load demand. |
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Solar systems have greater efficiency for supplying both types of load (i.e., thermal and electrical) simultaneously. |
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The modeling of two power system components (i.e., generation and distribution) can be performed using the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. |
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The data used for generation modeling is taken from IEEE-RTS (reliability test system) and data for the distribution system is obtained from IEEE-RBTS (reliability busbar test system). |
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The reliability parameters such as average energy not supplied (AENS) and loss of energy expectation (LOEE) are evaluated for the analysis of individual customer reliability and overall system reliability simultaneously. |
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| Chapter 15 The Growing Need of Renewable Energy in India |
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186 | (11) |
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This chapter discusses the current situation of renewable energy and the growing need for renewable energy. |
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The present and past research revealed that the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has done a great job and heading India towards renewable energy, but this is not done yet. |
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India has not only sufficient climate condition, but also a large surface area which set a good chance for India to lead in the renewable sector in the world. |
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An effort has been made to summarize the current scenario, benefits, and recent development of renewable energy. |
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| Chapter 16 Solar PV Installation for Conventional Shutdown Units of Delhi |
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Conventional generation is the most reliable option to meet the increased energy consumption in terms of operating performance. |
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However, the increased greenhouse gas emission is a major threat from the conventional generating units due to fuel pollution. |
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Although to meet the increased energy consumption, reliably conventional generating units are inevitable. |
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So the government has taken the initiative to shut down the conventional generating units with higher pollution levels than the defined norms. |
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This imposes the overall load burden to the other state generating units. |
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As Delhi is sufficiently rich with solar radiation, the chapter proposes the solar PV installation to meet the generation gap of shutdown units. |
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| Chapter 17 Thermal Analysis of Realistic Breast Model With Tumor and Validation by Infrared Images |
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Breast thermography is an emerging adjunct tool to mammography in early breast cancer detection due to its non-invasiveness and safety. |
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Steady-state infrared imaging proves promising in this field as it is not affected by tissue density. |
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The main aim of the present study is to develop a computational thermal model of breast cancer using real breast surface geometry and internal tumor specification. |
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The model depicting the thermal profile of the subject's aggressive ductal carcinoma is calibrated by variation of blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation rate. |
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The subject's IR image is used for validation of the simulated temperature profile. |
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The thermal breast model presented here may prove useful in monitoring the response of tumor post-chemotherapy for female subjects with similar breast cancer characteristics. |
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| Chapter 18 Metaheuristic Techniques of Parameter Estimation of Solar PV Cell |
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The performance and efficiency of a solar PV cell are greatly dependent on the precise estimation of its current-voltage (I-V) characteristic. |
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Usually, it is very difficult to estimate accurate I-V characteristics of solar PV due to the nonlinear relation between current and voltage. |
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Metaheuristic optimization techniques, on the other hand, are very powerful tools to obtain solutions to complex non-linear problems. |
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Hence, this chapter presents two metaheuristic algorithms, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO) and harmony search (HS), to estimate the single-diode model parameters. |
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The feasibility of the metaheuristic algorithms is demonstrated for a solar cell and its extension to a photovoltaic solar module, and the results are compared with the numerical method, namely the Newton Raphson method (NRM), in terms of the solution accuracy, consistency, absolute maximum power error, and computation efficiency. |
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The results show that the metaheuristic algorithms were indeed capable of obtaining higher quality solutions efficiently in the parameter estimation problem. |
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| Chapter 19 A Compact Antenna Design With High Gain for Wireless Energy Harvesting |
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A compact rectangular slotted antenna fed through coplanar waveguide for rectenna system is proposed in the application of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting at center frequency of 2.45 GHz in the wireless local area network (WLAN) band. |
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Three unequal widths of rectangular slots with equal distance have been created step by step to maximize the peak gain to 3.6 dB of the antenna. |
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Radiation plot of the proposed antenna has been depicted to be omnidirectional for RF energy harvesting with maximum radiation efficiency characteristics. |
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The dimension of the antenna is reduced up to 28 x 17 mm2 with better reflection coefficient of -34.6dB. |
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| Compilation of References |
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| About the Contributors |
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| Index |
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