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Computational Modeling of Shallow Geothermal Systems [Kõva köide]

(Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 254 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 630 g
  • Sari: Multiphysics Modeling
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Sep-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415596270
  • ISBN-13: 9780415596275
Teised raamatud teemal:
Computational Modeling of Shallow Geothermal SystemsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 254 pages, kõrgus x laius: 246x174 mm, kaal: 630 g
  • Sari: Multiphysics Modeling
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Sep-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415596270
  • ISBN-13: 9780415596275
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780415596275.html
Märksõnad:
"Geothermal heat is a renewable source of energy offering a number of advantages over conventional fossil fuel resources, particularly its environmental impact in terms of CO2 emissions is significantly lower. Shallow geothermal energy is considered as one of the alternative energy resources and has been widely utilized for heating of buildings and greenhouses, using borehole heat exchangers (BHE). This book presents innovative computational modeling of shallow geothermal systems consisting of borehole heat exchangers embedded in a soil mass"--

"Geothermal heat is a viable source of energy and its environmental impact in terms of CO2 emissions is significantly lower than conventional fossil fuels. Shallow geothermal systems are increasingly utilized for heating and cooling of buildings and greenhouses. However, their utilization is inconsistent with the enormous amount of energy available underneath the surface of the earth. Projects of this nature are not getting the public support they deserve because of the uncertainties associated with them, and this can primarily be attributed to the lack of appropriate computational tools necessary to carry out effective designs and analyses. For this energy field to have a better competitive position in the renewable energy market, it is vital that engineers acquire computational tools, which are accurate, versatile and efficient. This book aims at attaining such tools. This book is the first of its kind. It addresses computational modeling of shallow geothermal systems in considerable details, and provides researchers and developers in computational mechanics, geosciences, geology and geothermal engineering with the means to develop computational tools capable of modeling the complicated nature of heat flow in shallow geothermal systems in rather straightforward methodologies. Coupled conduction-convection models for heat flow in borehole heat exchangers and the surrounding soil mass are formulated and solved using analytical, semi-analytical and numerical methods. Background theories, enhanced by numerical examples, necessary for formulating the models and conducting the solutions are thoroughly addressed.The book concentrates on two main aspects: mathematical modeling and computational procedure. In geothermics, both aspects are considerably challenging because of the involved geometry and physical processes. However, they are highly stimulating and inspiring. A good combination of mathematical modeling and computational procedures can greatly reduce the computational efforts. This book thoroughly treats this issue and introduces step-by-step methodologies for developing innovative computational models, which are both rigorous and computationally efficient. The book is structured in three parts: Part I: preliminaries (chapters 1-5); Part II: analytical and semi-analytical modeling (chapters 6-10); and Part III: numerical modeling (chapters 11-12)"--

Provided by publisher.

Preface xvii
Part I Preliminaries
1 Introduction
3(6)
1.1 Geothermal energy systems
3(2)
1.1.1 Geothermal electricity
4(1)
1.1.2 Geothermal direct use
4(1)
1.1.3 Geothermal heat pumps
5(1)
1.2 Shallow geothermal systems
5(3)
1.2.1 Ground-source heat pumps
5(3)
1.2.2 Underground thermal energy storage
8(1)
1.3 Book theme and objective
8(1)
2 Heat transfer
9(12)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Heat transfer mechanisms
9(5)
2.2.1 Heat conduction
10(2)
2.2.2 Heat convection
12(2)
2.3 Thermal parameters
14(7)
2.3.1 Thermal conductivity
14(1)
2.3.2 Density
15(1)
2.3.3 Specific heat capacity
15(1)
2.3.4 Thermal diffusivity
16(1)
2.3.5 Viscosity
17(1)
2.3.6 Porosity
17(1)
2.3.7 Reynolds number
18(1)
2.3.8 Prandtl number
18(1)
2.3.9 Peclet number
18(1)
2.3.10 Nusselt number
18(3)
3 Heat transfer in porous media
21(10)
3.1 Introduction
21(1)
3.2 Energy field equation: Formal representation
22(4)
3.3 Heat flow in a two-phase soil mass: Engineering representation
26(5)
3.3.1 Local thermal non-equilibrium
27(1)
3.3.2 Local thermal equilibrium
28(3)
4 Heat transfer in borehole heat exchangers
31(8)
4.1 Introduction
31(1)
4.2 Heat equation of a multiple component system
32(3)
4.3 Heat equation of a borehole heat exchanger
35(2)
4.4 Heat equations of some typical borehole heat exchangers
37(2)
4.4.1 Heat equations of a single U-tube borehole heat exchanger (1U)
37(1)
4.4.2 Heat equations of a double U-tube borehole heat exchanger (2U)
37(1)
4.4.3 Heat equations of a coaxial borehole heat exchanger with annular (CXA)
38(1)
4.4.4 Heat equations of a coaxial borehole heat exchanger with centered inlet (CXC)
38(1)
5 Thermal resistance
39(18)
5.1 Introduction
39(1)
5.2 Fourier's law vs. Ohm's law
39(6)
5.2.1 Conductive thermal resistance
40(3)
5.2.2 Convective thermal resistance
43(2)
5.3 Series and parallel configurations
45(1)
5.4 Thermal resistance of a borehole heat exchanger
46(11)
5.4.1 Experimental methods
46(2)
5.4.2 Analytical and numerical methods
48(2)
5.4.3 Thermal circuit methods
50(7)
Part II Analytical and semi-analytical modeling
6 Eigenfunction expansions and Fourier transforms
57(28)
6.1 Introduction
57(1)
6.2 Initial and boundary value problems
57(1)
6.3 Sturm-Liouville problem
58(2)
6.4 Fourier series
60(5)
6.4.1 Fourier trigonometric series
61(1)
6.4.2 Complex Fourier series
62(1)
6.4.3 Fourier-Bessel series
63(2)
6.5 Fourier integral
65(2)
6.6 Fourier transform
67(2)
6.7 Discrete Fourier transform
69(1)
6.8 Fast Fourier transform
70(2)
6.8.1 Aliasing
71(1)
6.8.2 Leakage
72(1)
6.9 Numerical examples
72(13)
6.9.1 Example 1: Solution of heat equation in a finite domain
73(2)
6.9.2 Example 2: Solution of heat equation in an infinite domain
75(3)
6.9.3 Example 3: Solution of heat equation in a semi-infinite domain
78(2)
6.9.4 Example 4: Solution of heat equation in an infinite domain using Fourier transform
80(5)
7 Laplace transforms
85(16)
7.1 Introduction
85(1)
7.2 Forward Laplace transform
85(3)
7.2.1 Properties of Laplace transform
87(1)
7.2.2 Methods of finding Laplace transform
87(1)
7.3 Inverse Laplace transform
88(6)
7.3.1 Direct use of tables
89(1)
7.3.2 Bromwich integral and the calculus of residues
89(3)
7.3.3 Numerical inversion
92(2)
7.4 Numerical examples
94(7)
7.4.1 Example 1: Solution of heat equation in a finite domain
94(3)
7.4.2 Example 2: Solution of heat equation in an infinite domain
97(4)
8 Commonly used analytical models for ground-source heat pumps
101(18)
8.1 Introduction
101(1)
8.2 Modeling soil mass
102(12)
8.2.1 Infinite line source model
102(3)
8.2.2 Infinite cylindrical source model
105(3)
8.2.3 Finite line source model
108(3)
8.2.4 Short-time transient response
111(3)
8.3 Modeling borehole heat exchanger
114(5)
9 Spectral analysis of shallow geothermal systems
119(22)
9.1 Introduction
119(1)
9.2 Modeling shallow geothermal system
120(15)
9.2.1 Sub-system 1: Borehole heat exchanger
121(7)
9.2.2 Sub-system 2: Soil mass
128(7)
9.3 Verification of the BHE model
135(2)
9.4 Verification of the soil model
137(1)
9.5 Computer implementation
138(3)
Appendix 9.1
140(1)
10 Spectral element model for borehole heat exchangers
141(16)
10.1 Introduction
141(1)
10.2 Spectral element formulation
142(3)
10.3 Spectral element formulation for borehole heat exchangers
145(7)
10.3.1 Two-node element
147(3)
10.3.2 One-node element
150(2)
10.4 Element verification
152(2)
10.5 Concluding remarks
154(3)
Part III Numerical modeling
11 Finite element methods for conduction-convection problems
157(30)
11.1 Introduction
157(1)
11.2 Spatial discretization
158(11)
11.2.1 Galrekin finite element method
158(2)
11.2.2 Upwind finite element method
160(8)
11.2.3 Numerical example
168(1)
11.3 Time discretization
169(18)
11.3.1 Finite difference time integration schemes
170(7)
11.3.2 Finite element time integration schemes
177(1)
11.3.3 Numerical example
178(9)
12 Finite element modeling of shallow geothermal systems
187(34)
12.1 Introduction
187(1)
12.2 Soil finite element
188(7)
12.2.1 Basic heat equation
188(1)
12.2.2 Governing equations of heat flow in a fully saturated porous medium
189(2)
12.2.3 Initial and boundary conditions
191(1)
12.2.4 Finite element discretization
192(3)
12.3 Borehole heat exchanger finite element
195(23)
12.3.1 Governing equations of heat flow in a borehole heat exchanger
195(1)
12.3.2 Initial and boundary conditions
196(1)
12.3.3 Steady-state formulation
196(8)
12.3.4 Transient formulation
204(14)
12.4 Numerical implementation
218(2)
12.4.1 Sequential scheme
218(1)
12.4.2 Static condensation scheme
219(1)
12.5 Verifications and numerical examples
220(1)
References 221(4)
Author Index 225(4)
Subject Index 229
Rafid Al-Khoury is a Senior researcher in computational mechanics in the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences at Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands. His main area of interest is in computational mechanics with emphasis on computational geoenvironment. In particular, he is a developer of analytical, semi-analytical and numerical models for wave propagation in layered systems, multiphase flow and heat and fluid flow in shallow geothermal systems. The main focus of his research work is the development of innovative models and efficient computational procedures capable of simulating physical processes occurring in complicated geometry using minimal computational efforts. Along this line, Dr. Al-Khoury has published several models for different fields of computational mechanics, including wave propagation, parameter identification, fracturing porous media, and geothermics.