Computed Tomography: Physical Principles, Clinical Applications and Quality Control 2nd Revised edition [Pehme köide]

Computed Tomography Meaning 2(1) Process 3(3) How CT Scanners Work 6(1) Historical Perspectives 7(7) Digital Image Processing 14(1) Applications of Volume Scanning 15(7) Introduction to Computers Computer Systems 22(2) Computer Architectures and Processing Capabilities 24(1) Digital Fundamentals 25(4) Computer Hardware 29(3) Data Storage Technologies 32(3) Computer Software 35(2) Data Communications 37(2) The Internet 39(1) Other Topics 40(1) Computers in Radiology 41(5) Digital Image Processing Historical Perspectives 46(1) Image Formation and Representation 46(1) Definitions 47(1) Image Digitization 48(3) Image Processing Techniques 51(4) Image Processing Hardware 55(1) CT as a Digital Image Processing System 56(4) Physical Principles of Computed Tomography Limitations of Radiography and Tomography 60(1) Physical Principles 61(10) Technologic Considerations 71(2) Advantages and Limitations of CT 73(3) Data Acquisition Concepts Basic Scheme for Data Acquisition 76(1) Data Acquisition Geometries 77(4) Slip-Ring Technology 81(2) X-Ray System 83(5) CT Detector Technology 88(3) Detector Electronics 91(2) Data Acquisition and Sampling 93(5) Image Reconstruction Basic Principles 98(1) Image Reconstruction from Projections 99(2) Reconstruction Algorithms 101(5) Types of Data 106(2) Image Reconstruction in Single-Slice Spiral/Helical CT 108(1) Image Reconstruction in Multislice Spiral/Helical CT 108(1) Comparison of Reconstruction Algorithms 108(1) 3D Algorithms 109(3) Instrumentation CT Scanner 112(1) Imaging System 113(4) CT Computer and Image Processing System 117(3) Image Display, Storage, Recording, and Communications 120(3) CT Control Console 123(4) Options and Accessories for CT Systems 127(1) Other Considerations 127(5) Image Manipulation Image Manipulation 132(1) Windowing 132(6) Specilized Computer Programs 138(6) Visualization Tools 144(4) Advanced Visualization and Analysis Workstations 148(6) Electron Beam Computed Tomography Imaging Moving Organs 154(1) Electron Beam CT Scanner 154(12) Mobile Computed Tomography Rationale 166(1) Physical Principles 166(1) Instrumentation 166(4) Scan Parameters 170(1) Imaging Performance 170(1) Scattered Radiation Considerations 171(1) Clinical Applications 171(3) Image Quality Qualities 174(2) Resolution 176(9) Noise Properties in CT 185(2) Linearity 187(1) Cross-Field Uniformity 187(1) Image Artifacts 188(8) Image Quality in Spiral/Helical CT 196(1) Quality Control 197(3) Measuring Patient Dose from Computed Tomography Scanners Robert Cacak CT Scanner X-Ray Beam Geometry 200(1) Methods of Measuring Patient Dose 201(3) Measurement Procedure 204(2) Reduction of Patient Dose 206(1) Dosimetry Survey 207(3) Single-Slice Spiral/Helical Computed Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation Historical Background 210(1) Conventional Slice-by-Slice Data Acquisition 210(2) Slice-by-Slice Volume Scanning 212(4) Instrumentation 216(5) Basic Scan Parameters 221(1) Image Quality Considerations 221(5) Radiation Dose Considerations 226(1) Multidimensional Imaging 226(1) Advantages and Limitations 227(5) Advances in Volume Scanning Bryan R. Westerman Continuous Imaging 232(2) Subsecond Scanning 234(2) Multislice Detectors 236(3) Spiral/Helical Scanning with Multislice Detectors 239(2) Clinical Applications 241(2) The Catch 243(1) Where Now? 243(3) Multislice Spiral/Helical Computed Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation Limitations of Single-Slice Volume CT Scanners 246(1) Evolution of Multislice CT Scanners 246(2) Physical Principles 248(5) Image Reconstruction 253(3) Instrumentation 256(5) Image Quality Considerations 261(1) Advantages of Multislice CT 262(6) Continuous Imaging: Real-Time Computed Tomography Fluoroscopy Conventional CT as an Interventional Guidance Tool 268(1) History 268(1) Imaging Principles 269(1) Equipment Components and Data Flow 270(1) X-Ray Technique Parameters 271(1) Image Quality and Radiation Dose Considerations 271(3) Tools for Use in CT-Guided Interventional Procedures 274(3) Clinical Applications 277(3) Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography: Basic Concepts Rationale for 3D Imaging 280(1) History 280(1) Fundamental 3D Concepts 281(2) Classification of 3D Imaging Approaches 283(2) Generic 3D Imaging System 285(1) Technical Aspects of 3D Imaging 285(4) Rendering Techniques 289(6) Equipment 295(2) Clinical Applications of 3D Imaging 297(3) The Future of 3D Imaging 300(1) The Role of the Radiologic Technologist 301(3) Computed Tomography Angiography: Technical Considerations Definition 304(1) Requirements of CTA 304(4) Postprocessing Techniques: Visualization Tools 308(8) Virtual Reality Imaging 2D Data Sets 316(1) Overview of Virtual Reality Imaging 316(1) Applications of Virtual Endoscopy 317(1) Advantages and Limitations 317(1) Technical Considerations 317(3) Software Tools for Interactive Image Assessment 320(1) Flight Path Planning 320(3) The Future of CT Virtual Endoscopy 323(1) Virtual Endoscopy on the Internet 323(3) Computer Tomography of the Head, Neck, and Spine Robert Nugent Donna Keobke Sectional Anatomy 326(2) Indications 328(2) Patient Preparation 330(1) Positioning and Scanning Protocols 330(2) Radiographic Technique 332(1) Use of Contrast Media 333(1) Helical Scanning 334(1) Abnormalities Shown by CT 334(4) CT versus Other Diagnostic Imaging Techniques 338(4) Computed Tomography of the Body Borys Flak David KB Li Lois Doody Clinical Indications 342(12) Examination Preparation 354(3) Scanning Protocols 357(9) Pediatric Computed Tomography Jeremy Lysne Role of the CT Technologist 366(1) Patient Management 367(2) CT of the Head and Spine 369(5) CT of the Body 374(8) Xenon CT 382(4) Quality Control for Computed Tomography Scanners Robert Cacak What Is Quality Control? 386(1) Why Quality Control? 387(1) Principles of Quality Control 387(1) Quality Control Tests for CT Scanners 388 Appendices