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1 Vision-Based Driver-Assistance Systems |
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1 | (18) |
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1.1 Driver-Assistance Towards Autonomous Driving |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Vision-Based Driver Assistance |
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4 | (3) |
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1.4 Safety and Comfort Functionalities |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (4) |
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12 | (3) |
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15 | (4) |
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2 Driver-Environment Understanding |
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19 | (18) |
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2.1 Driver and Environment |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (5) |
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2.3 Basic Environment Monitoring |
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25 | (5) |
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2.4 Midlevel Environment Perception |
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30 | (7) |
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37 | (14) |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.3 RGB to HSV Conversion |
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40 | (1) |
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3.4 Line Detection by Hough Transform |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (1) |
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3.6 Stereo Vision and Energy Optimization |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (4) |
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4 Object Detection, Classification, and Tracking |
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51 | (44) |
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4.1 Object Detection and Classification |
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51 | (2) |
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4.2 Supervised Classification Techniques |
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53 | (15) |
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4.2.1 The Support Vector Machine |
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53 | (6) |
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4.2.2 The Histogram of Oriented Gradients |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (5) |
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4.3 Unsupervised Classification Techniques |
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68 | (10) |
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68 | (4) |
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4.3.2 Gaussian Mixture Models |
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72 | (6) |
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78 | (17) |
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80 | (4) |
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4.4.2 Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift |
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84 | (1) |
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4.4.3 The Kanade--Lucas--Tomasi (KLT) Tracker |
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85 | (4) |
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89 | (6) |
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5 Driver Drowsiness Detection |
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95 | (32) |
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95 | (2) |
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5.2 Training Phase: The Dataset |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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5.4 Application Phase: Brief Ideas |
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99 | (3) |
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102 | (5) |
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5.5.1 Failures Under Challenging Lighting Conditions |
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102 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Hybrid Intensity Averaging |
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104 | (1) |
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5.5.3 Parameter Adaptation |
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105 | (2) |
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5.6 Tracking and Search Minimization |
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107 | (3) |
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5.6.1 Tracking Considerations |
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107 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Filter Modelling and Implementation |
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108 | (2) |
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5.7 Phase-Preserving Denoising |
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110 | (1) |
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5.8 Global Haar-Like Features |
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111 | (3) |
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5.8.1 Global Features vs. Local Features |
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112 | (2) |
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5.8.2 Dynamic Global Haar Features |
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114 | (1) |
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5.9 Boosting Cascades with Local and Global Features |
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114 | (1) |
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5.10 Experimental Results |
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115 | (10) |
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125 | (2) |
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6 Driver Inattention Detection |
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127 | (20) |
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127 | (2) |
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6.2 Asymmetric Appearance Models |
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129 | (4) |
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6.2.1 Model Implementation |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
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6.3 Driver's Head-Pose and Gaze Estimation |
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133 | (6) |
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6.3.1 Optimized 2D to 3D Pose Modelling |
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134 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Face Registration by Fermat-Transform |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (5) |
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139 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Yawning Detection and Head Nodding |
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139 | (5) |
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144 | (3) |
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7 Vehicle Detection and Distance Estimation |
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147 | (42) |
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147 | (2) |
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7.2 Overview of Methodology |
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149 | (3) |
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7.3 Adaptive Global Haar Classifier |
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152 | (3) |
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7.4 Line and Corner Features |
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155 | (4) |
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156 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Feature-Point Detection |
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157 | (2) |
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7.5 Detection Based on Taillights |
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159 | (9) |
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7.5.1 Taillight Specifications: Discussion |
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159 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Colour Spectrum Analysis |
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161 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Taillight Segmentation |
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162 | (1) |
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7.5.4 Taillight Pairing by Template Matching |
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163 | (2) |
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7.5.5 Taillight Pairing by Virtual Symmetry Detection |
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165 | (3) |
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7.6 Data Fusion and Temporal Information |
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168 | (3) |
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7.7 Inter-vehicle Distance Estimation |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (13) |
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7.8.1 Evaluations of Distance Estimation |
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175 | (1) |
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7.8.2 Evaluations of the Proposed Vehicle Detection |
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176 | (11) |
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187 | (2) |
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8 Fuzzy Fusion for Collision Avoidance |
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189 | (18) |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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8.3 Fuzzifier and Membership Functions |
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192 | (3) |
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8.4 Fuzzy Inference and Fusion Engine |
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195 | (2) |
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8.4.1 Rule of Implication |
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196 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Rule of Aggregation |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (7) |
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204 | (3) |
Bibliography |
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207 | (14) |
Index |
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221 | |