This study covers the fundamentals of 2D and 3D computer vision and their most widespread industrial applications, such as automated inspection, robot guidance and workpiece acquisition. The level of explanation is that of an introductory text; however, besides the basic material, some specified advanced topics are included in each chapter, together with an extensive bibliography. The book covers the different aspects of computer vision, following a unified line of exposition with the result that the book is not biased towards any particular topic or approach. The text aims to provide readers with a solid background on the techniques used at the successive stages of the vision process, as well as a broad view of the possibilities of applying this new technology in industry.