Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
1 Why Bother with a Reference Interview? |
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1 | (38) |
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1.1 What Is a Reference Interview? |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 The Service Orientation of Libraries |
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4 | (4) |
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8 | (4) |
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1.4 Why Didn't You Say So in the First Place? |
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12 | (11) |
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1.4.1 The Ill-Formed Query |
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16 | (4) |
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20 | (3) |
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1.5 The Helpful Answer: Two Ways of Thinking about Information |
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23 | (4) |
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1.5.1 Information as a Commodity |
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23 | (2) |
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1.5.2 Questions in Contexts |
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25 | (2) |
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1.6 Reference as an Art of Translation |
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27 | (2) |
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1.7 There Are No Bad Guy Users |
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29 | (1) |
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1.8 Annotated Readings and Cited References |
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30 | (9) |
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1.8.1 Principles of Interviewing |
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30 | (1) |
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1.8.2 The Reference Interview |
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31 | (1) |
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1.8.3 Evaluating the Quality of the Reference Transaction |
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32 | (4) |
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1.8.4 The Ill-Formed Query, Translation Problems, and Users' Mental Models |
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36 | (1) |
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1.8.5 Useful Conceptual Frameworks for Thinking about Information and Information Behavior |
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37 | (2) |
2 The First Thirty Seconds |
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39 | (24) |
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39 | (2) |
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2.2 The Library as a Physical Space |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.4 Skills for the First Thirty Seconds |
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45 | (10) |
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2.4.1 The Microtraining Approach |
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45 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Nonverbal Attending Skills |
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46 | (5) |
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51 | (1) |
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2.4.4 Minimal Encouragers |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
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2.5 Approachability in Virtual Spaces |
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55 | (3) |
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2.6 Annotated Readings and Cited References |
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58 | (5) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (2) |
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2.6.3 Approachability and Nonverbal Behavior in the Reference Context |
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60 | (3) |
3 Finding Out What They Really Want to Know |
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63 | (38) |
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63 | (14) |
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3.1.1 "Without Speaking She Began to Type" |
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65 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Bypassing the Reference Interview |
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66 | (1) |
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3.1.3 Taking a System-Based Perspective |
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67 | (3) |
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3.1.4 The Unmonitored Referral |
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70 | (2) |
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3.1.5 Negative Closure: How to Make Users Go Away |
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72 | (5) |
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3.2 Skills for Negotiating the Question |
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77 | (18) |
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3.2.1 Open and Closed Questions |
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77 | (6) |
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3.2.2 Avoiding Premature Diagnosis |
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83 | (2) |
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3.2.3 Sense-Making Questions |
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85 | (7) |
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3.2.4 Reflecting Content: Paraphrasing and Summarizing |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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3.3 Annotated Readings and Cited References |
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95 | (6) |
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3.3.1 The Reference Interview: General Works |
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95 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Problems and Issues |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (1) |
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3.3.4 Reflecting Content and Feeling |
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100 | (1) |
4 Beyond Negative Closure |
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101 | (18) |
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4.1 Skills for Working Together |
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101 | (13) |
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4.1.1 Inclusion: Telling People What You Are Doing |
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104 | (3) |
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4.1.2 Library Use Instruction |
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107 | (4) |
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4.1.3 Follow-up Questions |
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111 | (3) |
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4.2 Integrating Reference Interview Skills |
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114 | (2) |
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4.2.1 Tips for Practicing |
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115 | (1) |
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4.3 Annotated Readings and Cited References |
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116 | (3) |
5 Special Contexts for the Reference Interview |
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119 | (64) |
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5.1 Introduction to Special Contexts |
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119 | (1) |
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5.2 The Phone Reference Interview |
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119 | (9) |
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5.2.1 Interview Skills for the Phone |
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121 | (6) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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5.3 The Secondhand Reference Interview |
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128 | (5) |
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129 | (4) |
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5.4 The Reference Interview with Children and Young Adults |
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133 | (9) |
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5.4.1 "Got Any Books on Fleas?" |
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133 | (4) |
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5.4.2 Information Literacy |
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137 | (1) |
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5.4.3 The School Assignment |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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5.4.5 Children, Teens, and the Virtual Reference Interview |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (2) |
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5.6 Interviewing Adults from Diverse Communities |
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144 | (5) |
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5.6.1 Cross-Cultural Communication |
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145 | (1) |
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5.6.2 English Language Learners |
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146 | (3) |
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5.7 Interviewing People with Disabilities |
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149 | (2) |
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5.8 Interviewing the User Who Is "Problematic" |
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151 | (4) |
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5.9 Interviewing Users with Consumer Health and Legal Questions |
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155 | (8) |
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5.10 Annotated Bibliography and Cited References |
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163 | (20) |
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5.10.1 Introduction to Special Contexts |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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5.10.4 Interviewing Children and Young Adults |
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167 | (2) |
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5.10.5 Interviewing Seniors |
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169 | (1) |
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5.10.6 Interviewing Adults from Diverse Communities |
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170 | (4) |
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5.10.7 Interviewing People with Disabilities |
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174 | (1) |
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5.10.8 Interviewing the User Who Is "Problematic" |
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175 | (3) |
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5.10.9 Interviewing Users with Consumer Health and Legal Questions |
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178 | (5) |
6 The Reference Encounter in Virtual Environments |
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183 | (54) |
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6.1 Introduction to Virtual Reference Service (VRS) |
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183 | (8) |
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186 | (5) |
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6.2 Real-Time Reference: Live Chat, Instant Messaging, and Texting |
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191 | (18) |
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6.2.1 The Synchronous Reference Interview |
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194 | (6) |
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6.2.2 Improving Accuracy in Live Chat Reference |
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200 | (3) |
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6.2.3 Avoiding Face-Threats and Microaggressions in VRS |
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203 | (4) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (10) |
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6.3.1 The E-Mail Reference Interview and Forms |
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213 | (6) |
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219 | (4) |
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6.5 Annotated Readings and Cited References |
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223 | (14) |
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6.5.1 Websites, Discussion Lists, Bibliographies, and Discussion Groups |
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223 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Articles, Books, and Websites, including Cited References |
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223 | (14) |
7 The Readers' Advisory Interview |
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237 | (28) |
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7.1 Introduction to the Readers' Advisory Interview |
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237 | (1) |
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7.2 Towards a Reader-Centered Service |
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238 | (3) |
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7.3 Evaluating the Readers' Advisory Encounter |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (3) |
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7.5 Conducting the Interview |
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247 | (9) |
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7.6 Annotated Readings and Cited References |
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256 | (9) |
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7.6.1 Research-Based Work on Readers' Advisory, Reading, and the Reader |
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256 | (2) |
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7.6.2 Readers' Advisory Service |
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258 | (3) |
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7.6.3 Evaluation of the Readers' Advisory Transaction |
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261 | (1) |
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7.6.4 The RA Interview and Form-Based RA |
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262 | (1) |
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7.6.5 Resources for Readers' Advisors |
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262 | (3) |
8 Establishing Policy and Training for the Reference Interview |
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265 | (30) |
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265 | (1) |
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8.2 Institutional Policy and the Reference Interview |
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265 | (7) |
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265 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Reference Service Policy Statements for Library Users |
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266 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Policy and Procedures Manuals for Staff |
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267 | (3) |
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8.2.4 Consortial Reference Policies |
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270 | (2) |
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8.3 Training Staff in Reference Interview Skills |
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272 | (11) |
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8.3.1 Independent Learning |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (3) |
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8.3.3 Training for Virtual Reference Service |
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279 | (2) |
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8.3.4 Evaluation of Training |
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281 | (1) |
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8.3.5 Resistance to Training-and Some Answers |
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282 | (1) |
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8.4 Annotated Readings and Cited References |
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283 | (12) |
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8.4.1 Library Association Policies and Guidelines for Reference Staff |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (8) |
About The Authors |
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295 | (2) |
Index |
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297 | |