Preface |
|
xv | |
Guide to the Interactive eTextbook and Instructor eResource |
|
xvi | |
Table of Cases |
|
xix | |
Table of UK and International Legislation |
|
li | |
Table of Statutory Instruments |
|
lxx | |
Table of Decisions, Directives, Regulations, Treaties and Conventions |
|
lxxii | |
Part 1 General Introduction |
|
1 | (46) |
|
1 Introducing Constitutional Law |
|
|
3 | (26) |
|
|
4 | (12) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
Classifying Constitutions |
|
|
8 | (5) |
|
The Concept of Constitutionalism |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Part B: A Very Little History |
|
|
16 | (7) |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
Part C: The United Kingdom |
|
|
23 | (6) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
The United Kingdom and the Commonwealth |
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2 Sources of the Constitution |
|
|
29 | (18) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
Definitional Difficulties |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
31 | (6) |
|
Non-Legal Sources of the Constitution |
|
|
37 | (9) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
Part 2 Fundamental Constitutional Concepts |
|
47 | (100) |
|
|
49 | (26) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Contrasting Attitudes to the Rule of Law |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
Uncertainty in the Western Rule of Law |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Natural Law and the Rule of Law |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
Law and Order: The Obligation to Obey Law |
|
|
57 | (3) |
|
Marxism and the Rule of Law |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
Dicey and the Rule of Law |
|
|
61 | (3) |
|
Fuller and the Rule of Law |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
Dworkin and the Rule of Law |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Bingham and the Rule of Law |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
The Rule of Law and the Legal System |
|
|
69 | (4) |
|
The Rule of Law in International Dimension |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
4 The Separation of Powers |
|
|
75 | (18) |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
The Contemporary Doctrine |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Defining the Institutions |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
The Office of Lord Chancellor |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
The Relationship between Executive and Legislature; Legislature and Judiciary; Executive and Judiciary |
|
|
80 | (11) |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
|
93 | (22) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
The Prerogative Before 1688 |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
The Prerogative Illustrated |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
The Prerogative and Domestic Affairs |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Appointment of Prime Minister |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
100 | (2) |
|
Power to Establish Non-Statutory Agencies |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Regulation of the Civil Service |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Regulation of the Armed Forces |
|
|
103 | (2) |
|
The Prerogative and Foreign Affairs |
|
|
105 | (4) |
|
Judicial Control of the Prerogative |
|
|
109 | (4) |
|
Political Control of the Prerogative |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
Reform of the Prerogative? |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
6 Parliamentary Sovereignty |
|
|
115 | (32) |
|
|
116 | (1) |
|
Legal and Political Sovereignty |
|
|
116 | (2) |
|
Sovereignty and Written Constitutions |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
|
120 | (12) |
|
Alternative Views on Sovereignty |
|
|
132 | (3) |
|
Parliamentary Sovereignty and the European Union |
|
|
135 | (3) |
|
Devolution and the Human Rights Act |
|
|
138 | (2) |
|
The Emergence of the 'Constitutional Statute' |
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
Shared, or Bi-Polar Sovereignty? |
|
|
142 | (3) |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
145 | (2) |
Part 3 The European Union |
|
147 | (56) |
|
7 Structures and Institutions of the European Union |
|
|
149 | (30) |
|
|
149 | (2) |
|
|
151 | (3) |
|
Evolution of the European Union |
|
|
154 | (5) |
|
The Institutions of the European Union |
|
|
159 | (15) |
|
Understanding Human Rights in Europe |
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
8 European Union Law and National Law |
|
|
179 | (24) |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Direct Applicability and Direct Effect |
|
|
181 | (10) |
|
The Interaction between National Courts and the European Court of Justice |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
The Question of Legal Supremacy |
|
|
193 | (2) |
|
The Reception of EU Law into the United Kingdom |
|
|
195 | (6) |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
Part 4 Central, Regional And Local Government |
|
203 | (80) |
|
|
205 | (20) |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
The Structure of Government |
|
|
206 | (2) |
|
The Channels of Communication between Crown and Government |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
|
208 | (1) |
|
Functions of the Privy Council |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
The Office of Prime Minister |
|
|
210 | (4) |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
Appointment and Management |
|
|
216 | (1) |
|
Constitutional Principles and the Civil Service |
|
|
216 | (2) |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
The Government and the Courts |
|
|
219 | (5) |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
10 Responsible Government |
|
|
225 | (22) |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
Collective Cabinet Responsibility |
|
|
226 | (3) |
|
Individual Ministerial Responsibility |
|
|
229 | (4) |
|
The Morality of Public Office |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Individual Responsibility for Personal Conduct |
|
|
234 | (6) |
|
Government Openness and Government Secrecy |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Standards of Public Service and the Openness of Government |
|
|
241 | (4) |
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
11 Devolution and Local Government |
|
|
247 | (36) |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (6) |
|
|
255 | (8) |
|
|
263 | (5) |
|
Regulating Relations between the Nations |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
London: The Greater London Authority and Mayor |
|
|
270 | (3) |
|
Local government: An Outline |
|
|
273 | (8) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
282 | (1) |
Part 5 Parliament |
|
283 | (118) |
|
|
285 | (25) |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
287 | (4) |
|
|
291 | (2) |
|
Initiating the Election Process |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
The Conduct of Election Campaigns |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Broadcasting and Elections |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (4) |
|
|
302 | (2) |
|
Reform of the Voting System |
|
|
304 | (2) |
|
The Case For and Against Reforming the Simple Majority System |
|
|
306 | (3) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
13 Introduction to the House of Commons |
|
|
310 | (11) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
The Functions of Parliament |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Summoning, Adjournment, Prorogation and Dissolution |
|
|
312 | (2) |
|
The Organisation of Business |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
Personnel of the House of Commons |
|
|
314 | (2) |
|
|
316 | (2) |
|
Government and Opposition |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
Parliamentary Publications and Papers |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
14 The Legislative Process |
|
|
321 | (16) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
The United Kingdom Parliament and Devolution |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (6) |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
|
331 | (3) |
|
Scrutiny of Legislation by the House of Lords |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
Parliament and European Union (EU) Legislation |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
15 Scrutiny of the Executive |
|
|
337 | (16) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (3) |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Daily Adjournment Debates |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
Select Committees of the House of Commons |
|
|
342 | (7) |
|
Scrutiny of National Finance |
|
|
349 | (3) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
353 | (21) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
The Composition of the House of Lords |
|
|
354 | (6) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
The Scrutiny of Legislation |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
The Amendment of Legislation |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
The Balance of Power Between the House of Lords and the House of Commons |
|
|
363 | (4) |
|
Select Committees in the House of Lords |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Members' Interests in the House of Lords |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Reform of the House of Lords |
|
|
369 | (4) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
17 Parliamentary Privilege |
|
|
374 | (27) |
|
|
374 | (2) |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
The Current Scope and Role of Privilege |
|
|
376 | (10) |
|
Members' Interests and Members' Independence |
|
|
386 | (10) |
|
Publication of Parliamentary Proceedings |
|
|
396 | (3) |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
399 | (2) |
Part 6 The Individual And The State |
|
401 | (166) |
|
18 The Protection of Human Rights |
|
|
403 | (57) |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
The Emergence of the Constitutional Protection of Rights |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Part A: The European Convention On Human Rights And Fundamental Freedoms |
|
|
405 | (5) |
|
The European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms |
|
|
405 | (5) |
|
Part B: The Human Rights Act 1998 |
|
|
410 | (18) |
|
|
410 | (15) |
|
Towards a Bill of Rights? |
|
|
425 | (2) |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (32) |
|
19 Freedom of Expression and Privacy |
|
|
460 | (28) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Freedom of Expression and the Human Rights Act |
|
|
461 | (3) |
|
Restrictions on Freedom of Expression |
|
|
464 | (11) |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
476 | (10) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
20 Freedom of Association and Assembly |
|
|
488 | (17) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Indirect Restrictions on Freedom of Assembly |
|
|
490 | (4) |
|
|
494 | (10) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
21 The Police and Police Powers |
|
|
505 | (25) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Police and Crime Commissioners IPCCs1 |
|
|
506 | (3) |
|
National Crime Agency (NCA) |
|
|
509 | (4) |
|
Police Powers in Relation to the Detection and Investigation of Crime |
|
|
513 | (15) |
|
Alternatives to Prosecution |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
530 | (37) |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
532 | (6) |
|
The Interception of Communications |
|
|
538 | (2) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
The Intelligence Services Commissioner and the Tribunal |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
Parliamentary Scrutiny of the Security Services |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
542 | (5) |
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
|
549 | (12) |
|
The Special Immigration Appeals Commission |
|
|
561 | (3) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (2) |
Part 7 Judges And The Legal System |
|
567 | (32) |
|
23 Judges and the English Legal System |
|
|
569 | (30) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
570 | (15) |
|
The Constitutional Role of Judges |
|
|
570 | (3) |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
574 | (4) |
|
A Diverse and Representative Judiciary? |
|
|
578 | (4) |
|
|
582 | (3) |
|
Part B: The English Legal System |
|
|
585 | (12) |
|
The Principle of Open Justice |
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
Statutory Interpretation: An Introduction |
|
|
589 | (4) |
|
The Doctrine of Precedent |
|
|
593 | (4) |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (2) |
Part 8 Administrative Law |
|
599 | (134) |
|
24 Judicial Review: Introduction, Jurisdiction and Procedure |
|
|
601 | (38) |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
Judicial Review and the Human Rights Act 1998 |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
The Growth in Public Administration |
|
|
605 | (2) |
|
The Courts' Interpretation of Public Bodies |
|
|
607 | (3) |
|
The Basis for Judicial Review |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Standing to Apply for Judicial Review |
|
|
611 | (4) |
|
The Existence of Alternative Remedies |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
A Matter of Public - Not Private - Law |
|
|
616 | (5) |
|
Limitations on Judicial Review |
|
|
621 | (11) |
|
|
632 | (2) |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
|
636 | (3) |
|
25 Grounds for Judicial Review I: The Substantive Grounds for Judicial Review |
|
|
639 | (30) |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
The Traditional Doctrine of Ultra Vires |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
The Constitutional Basis for Judicial Review |
|
|
641 | (3) |
|
|
644 | (15) |
|
Irrationality: Wednesbury Unreasonableness |
|
|
659 | (3) |
|
The Doctrine of Proportionality |
|
|
662 | (5) |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
26 Grounds for Judicial Review II: Procedural Impropriety |
|
|
669 | (22) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Procedural Impropriety Under Statute |
|
|
670 | (2) |
|
Breach of Natural Justice |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
The Rule Against Bias: Nemo ludex in Causa Sua |
|
|
673 | (4) |
|
The Right to a Fair Hearing: Audi Alteram Partem |
|
|
677 | (5) |
|
|
682 | (3) |
|
The Concept of Legitimate Expectations |
|
|
685 | (4) |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
27 Tribunals and Inquiries |
|
|
691 | (20) |
|
|
692 | (10) |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
694 | (7) |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
702 | (9) |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
704 | (1) |
|
|
705 | (5) |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
28 Commissioners for Administration: Ombudsmen |
|
|
711 | (22) |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
Commissioners for Administration in the United Kingdom |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
The Parliamentary Ombudsman |
|
|
713 | (14) |
|
Ombudsmen for Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
Local Government Ombudsmen |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
The Information Commissioner |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
The Legal Services Ombudsman |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
The European Union Ombudsman |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
Reforming the Ombudsman Service |
|
|
730 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
731 | (2) |
Bibliography |
|
733 | (21) |
Index |
|
754 | |