| Acknowledgements |
|
xiii | |
| Foreword |
|
xv | |
| Notes on contributors |
|
xvii | |
|
|
|
xxviii | |
|
|
|
xxxvi | |
|
PART I Introduction and overview of Construction 4.0, CPS, Digital Ecosystem, and innovation |
|
|
1 | (2) |
|
1 Construction 4.0: Introduction and overview |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
1.2 Introduction to Construction 4.0 |
|
|
3 | (3) |
|
1.3 Current state of the construction sector |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
1.4 Overview of Industry 4.0 |
|
|
7 | (6) |
|
1.5 Construction 4.0 framework |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
1.6 Benefits of Construction 4.0 |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
1.7 Challenges to implementation of Construction 4.0 |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
1.8 Structure of the handbook |
|
|
17 | (2) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (4) |
|
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
2 Introduction to cyber-physical systems in the built environment |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
2.3 Cyber-physical systems and Construction 4.0 |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
2.4 What does success look like? |
|
|
25 | (5) |
|
2.5 CPS for Smart Built Environment |
|
|
30 | (7) |
|
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
|
38 | (4) |
|
|
|
39 | (3) |
|
3 Digital ecosystems in the construction industry---current state and future trends |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
3.2 Introduction to digital ecosystems |
|
|
42 | (4) |
|
3.3 Current state of digital technologies in construction |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
3.4 Overview of ecosystems and platforms |
|
|
47 | (7) |
|
3.5 Digital ecosystems in construction |
|
|
54 | (4) |
|
3.6 Emerging trends and future directions---platforms and ecosystems |
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
|
60 | (2) |
|
|
|
60 | (2) |
|
4 Innovation in the construction project delivery networks in Construction 4.0 |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (2) |
|
|
|
64 | (7) |
|
4.4 Opportunity for Construction 4.0 (the promise) |
|
|
71 | (5) |
|
4.5 Ramifications of Construction 4.0 |
|
|
76 | (5) |
|
4.6 Challenges and considerations |
|
|
81 | (3) |
|
|
|
84 | (3) |
|
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
PART II Core components of Construction 4.0 |
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
5 Potential of cyber-physical systems in architecture and construction |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
5.3 Towards cyber-physical construction |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
5.4 Context: challenges and opportunities for cyber-physical systems within architectural production |
|
|
93 | (3) |
|
5.5 New possibilities enabled in architecture by cyber-physical systems |
|
|
96 | (11) |
|
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
|
|
109 | (4) |
|
6 Applications of cyber-physical systems in construction |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
6.3 Drivers for cyber-physical systems in construction |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
6.4 Requirements for CPCS in construction |
|
|
115 | (2) |
|
6.5 Cyber-physical construction systems |
|
|
117 | (3) |
|
|
|
120 | (6) |
|
6.7 Challenges and barriers |
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
128 | (3) |
|
|
|
128 | (3) |
|
7 A review of mixed-reality applications in Construction 4.0 |
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
131 | (8) |
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
|
139 | (3) |
|
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
8 Overview of optoelectronic technology in Construction 4.0 |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
8.3 Fundamentals of laser scan devices |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
8.4 Modes of delivery and specifications |
|
|
144 | (2) |
|
8.5 Applications in construction |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
8.6 Translating as-built progress |
|
|
147 | (3) |
|
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
|
151 | (4) |
|
|
|
151 | (4) |
|
9 The potential for additive manufacturing to transform the construction industry 15 |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
|
155 | (2) |
|
9.3 Additive manufacturing processes |
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
9.4 Printable raw materials for construction |
|
|
159 | (5) |
|
9.5 Practical and commercial challenges and opportunities for 3D printing construction |
|
|
164 | (16) |
|
9.6 Future areas of research and development |
|
|
180 | (2) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
183 | (5) |
|
|
|
183 | (5) |
|
10 Digital fabrication in the construction sector |
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
|
|
188 | (1) |
|
10.3 Digital fabrication in architecture and construction |
|
|
189 | (5) |
|
10.4 State of research in digital fabrication |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
10.5 Research demonstrator case study: DFAB HOUSE (ETH, 2017-2019) |
|
|
195 | (5) |
|
10.6 Practice case study: SHoP architects |
|
|
200 | (4) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (4) |
|
|
|
205 | (4) |
|
11 Using BIM for multi-trade prefabricate in construction |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
11.2 Introduction -- prefabrication as a core component of Construction 4.0 |
|
|
209 | (1) |
|
11.3 Background -- applications of BIM for multi-trade prefabrication |
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
11.4 Decision making on BIM for multi-trade prefabrication |
|
|
212 | (5) |
|
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
|
|
218 | (4) |
|
|
|
218 | (4) |
|
12 Data standards and data exchange for Construction 4.0 |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
12.3 Elements of a data standard |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
12.4 Industry Foundation Classes: overview, application, and limitation |
|
|
224 | (5) |
|
12.5 Uses and applications |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
12.6 Evolutions of building data standards |
|
|
230 | (7) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (3) |
|
|
|
238 | (2) |
|
13 Visual and virtual progress monitoring in Construction 4.0 |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
13.2 Computer vision for monitoring construction -- an overview |
|
|
240 | (4) |
|
13.3 Review on the current state-of-the-art for computer vision applications in the industry and research |
|
|
244 | (13) |
|
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
|
259 | (5) |
|
14 Unmanned Aerial System applications in construction |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
14.3 Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) |
|
|
265 | (9) |
|
|
|
274 | (9) |
|
14.5 UAS implementation challenges |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
284 | (5) |
|
|
|
285 | (4) |
|
15 Future of robotics and automation in construction |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (3) |
|
|
|
292 | (3) |
|
15.4 Current status/examples |
|
|
295 | (4) |
|
15.5 Main challenges and future directions |
|
|
299 | (4) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
303 | (4) |
|
|
|
303 | (4) |
|
16 Robots in indoor and outdoor environments |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
16.3 Classification of robots |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
16.4 Key fundamental capabilities |
|
|
309 | (7) |
|
16.5 Case study application |
|
|
316 | (6) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (4) |
|
|
|
322 | (4) |
|
17 Domain-knowledge enriched BIM in Construction 4.0: design-for-safety and crane safety cases |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
|
326 | (4) |
|
17.3 Tacit knowledge application 1: design-for-safety knowledge enrich BIM for risk reviews |
|
|
330 | (10) |
|
17.4 Explicit knowledge application 2: BIM-based tower crane safety compliance system |
|
|
340 | (7) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
18 Internet of things (IoT) and internet enabled physical devices for Construction 4.0 |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
18.4 The IoT technologies |
|
|
352 | (4) |
|
18.5 Applications of IoT in construction |
|
|
356 | (3) |
|
|
|
359 | (8) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (3) |
|
|
|
368 | (2) |
|
19 Cloud-based collaboration and project management |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
19.3 Construction today -- critical evaluation of current project management frameworks |
|
|
372 | (3) |
|
19.4 Construction 4.0 -- cloud based collaboration and evolution of construction information supply chain solutions |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
19.5 Transitioning to Construction 4.0 |
|
|
374 | (5) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (5) |
|
|
|
390 | (5) |
|
20 Use of blockchain for enabling Construction 4.0 |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
20.3 Construction challenges in the era of BIM |
|
|
396 | (4) |
|
20.4 Context and aspects of blockchain |
|
|
400 | (6) |
|
20.5 Application considerations |
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
20.6 Blockchain and the construction sector |
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
20.7 Challenges in the adoption of blockchain |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
20.8 The fourth wave: what might happen next |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
412 | (7) |
|
|
|
413 | (6) |
|
PART III Practical aspects of construction 4.0 including case studies, overview of start-ups, and future directions |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
21 Construction 4.0 case studies |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
21.2 Case study 1: 4D BIM for logistics purposes |
|
|
421 | (7) |
|
21.3 Case study 2: the WikiHouse project |
|
|
428 | (6) |
|
21.4 Case study 3: the innovation lab |
|
|
434 | (5) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
22 Cyber threats and actors confronting the Construction 4.0 |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
441 | (4) |
|
22.3 The digital uprising |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
22.4 Smart cities and digital economies |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
22.5 Cyberspace, cyber-physical attacks and critical infrastructure hacks |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
22.6 What motivates a cyber-attacker? Actors and incident analysis |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
22.7 Looking at the literature |
|
|
450 | (2) |
|
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
|
454 | (6) |
|
|
|
455 | (5) |
|
23 Emerging trends and research directions |
|
|
460 | (23) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (3) |
|
|
|
463 | (4) |
|
23.4 Emerging 4.0 trends in the AEC industry |
|
|
467 | (3) |
|
|
|
470 | (4) |
|
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (8) |
|
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
|
|
477 | (6) |
| Index |
|
483 | |