| About the Series |
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iii | |
| Preface |
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vii | |
| Contributors |
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ix | |
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Cosmeceuticals: A Broad-Spectrum Category between Cosmetics and Drugs |
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1 | (10) |
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The Origin of the Cosmeceutical Concept |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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Cosmeceuticals: A Diversity of Opinions |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (6) |
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13 | (4) |
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Amino Acids and Derivatives |
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17 | (20) |
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17 | (1) |
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Amino Acids: Basic Features |
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18 | (12) |
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Existence and Roles of Amino Acids in the Skin |
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18 | (12) |
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Harmonized Integrity of Skin Function with Amino Acids |
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30 | (1) |
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Effective Amino Acid Delivery into Skin |
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30 | (1) |
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Amino Acid Derivatives for Extended Applications |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (3) |
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Antioxidant Defense Systems in Skin |
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37 | (52) |
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38 | (1) |
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Constitutive Skin Antioxidants |
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39 | (16) |
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Water-Soluble Antioxidants |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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Lipid-Soluble Antioxidants |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Ubiquinols/Ubiquinones (``Coenzyme Q'') |
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45 | (3) |
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Carotenoids and Vitamin A |
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48 | (1) |
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Enzymatic Antioxidant Systems |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Effect of Environmental Stressors on Skin Antioxidants |
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51 | (1) |
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Hydrophilic Skin Antioxidants |
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52 | (1) |
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Lipophilic Skin Antioxidants |
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53 | (1) |
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Enzymatic Skin Antioxidants |
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54 | (1) |
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Role of Antioxidants in the Photoprotection of Skin |
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55 | (19) |
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Topical Application of Antioxidants |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (8) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (7) |
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70 | (3) |
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Topical Application of Antioxidants after UVR Exposure |
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73 | (1) |
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Topical Application of Substances Other than Conventional Antioxidants |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (14) |
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89 | (10) |
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Origin of Botanical Extracts |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (6) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Lipids of the Epidermis and Barrier Function |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (30) |
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99 | (2) |
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Stratum Corneum, the Lipid Barrier and Its ``Repair'' |
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101 | (11) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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Visualization of Barrier Disruption and Lipid Integration (= ``Repair'') |
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108 | (2) |
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Barrier Repair Leads to Improved Water Retention |
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110 | (2) |
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Epidermis: How to Build the Stratum Corneum Barrier |
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112 | (7) |
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Dermis: The Final Frontier |
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119 | (5) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (4) |
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Seborrheic Dermatitis (Dandruff) |
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129 | (8) |
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Etiology and Pathogenesis |
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130 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (4) |
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137 | (48) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (3) |
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Color Additive Regulation |
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141 | (1) |
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Color Additives: Definitions |
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141 | (1) |
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United States Regulations |
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142 | (1) |
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21 CFR Part 73: Listing of Color Additives Exempt from Certification |
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142 | (1) |
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21 CFR Part 74: Listing of Color Additives Subject to Certification |
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142 | (1) |
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21 CFR Part 82: Listing of Certified Provisionally Listed Colors |
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142 | (1) |
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Proposed Permanent Listing of Color Additive Lakes (FR Vol. 61 #43), March 4, 1996 |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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Annex IV: List of Coloring Agents Allowed in Cosmetic Products |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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Inorganic/Natural Colorants |
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144 | (1) |
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US Colorants Not Permitted/Restricted in Japan |
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144 | (1) |
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Color Chemistry and Manufacture |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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Categories of Organic Colorants |
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146 | (1) |
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Stability of Organic Pigments |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (3) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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Chromium Hydroxide (Cr2O(OH)4) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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Quality Control of Colorants |
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150 | (1) |
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Establishment of Standards |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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Pearlescent Pigments and Other Specialty Pigments |
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151 | (3) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (5) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Pressed Powder Eye Shadows |
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159 | (1) |
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Quality Assurance on Powder Products |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (3) |
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160 | (1) |
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Formulation Considerations |
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160 | (1) |
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Makeup Manufacturing Equipment |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (5) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (3) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (10) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Pressed Powder Foundation |
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173 | (1) |
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Two-Way Powder Foundation (Wet and Dry) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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Liquid Compact Foundation |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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Emulsion-Resistant Mascara |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (22) |
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185 | (5) |
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Screening Tests for Depigmentation Agents |
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190 | (4) |
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194 | (6) |
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200 | (4) |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (12) |
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207 | (1) |
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Chemical Structure and Natural Sources of AHAs |
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208 | (1) |
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Biological Activities of Hydroxyacids |
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209 | (1) |
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Effects on Corneocyte Cohesion and Stratum Corneum Functions |
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210 | (1) |
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Peeling and Caustic Effects |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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Acne and Pseudofolliculitis Treatment |
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212 | (1) |
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Boosting Physiological Aspects of Skin |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (5) |
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219 | (28) |
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219 | (2) |
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The Chemistry of ``Dry'' SC |
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221 | (3) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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Chemistry and Use of Moisturizers |
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224 | (4) |
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Fats, Oils, and Emulsifiers |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (1) |
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Protection of Moisturizers |
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227 | (1) |
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Influence of Moisturizers on Skin Chemistry |
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227 | (1) |
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Skin Structure and Desquamation |
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228 | (4) |
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Influence of Moisturizers on Skin Structure and Desquamation |
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228 | (4) |
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The Barrier Function of SC |
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232 | (3) |
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Influence of Moisturizers on Skin Barrier Function |
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233 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (11) |
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Alternative Drugs in Dermatology: An Overview |
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247 | (14) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (3) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (3) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (3) |
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Cosmeceuticals in Photoaging |
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261 | (18) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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Clinical and Histological Presentations |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (6) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (4) |
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279 | (14) |
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279 | (2) |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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Phytosterols in Membranes |
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282 | (1) |
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Phytosterols and Cholesterol-Lowering Functional Foods |
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282 | (1) |
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Phytosterols and the Immune System |
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283 | (1) |
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Clinical Examples for the Use of Phytosterols in Medicine |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Sterols/Phytosterols and the Skin |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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Phytosterols in Cosmeceuticals---The Future? |
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287 | (1) |
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Are Risks Entailed in Using Phytosterols? |
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288 | (1) |
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Trends---From Insect to Plant to Skin |
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289 | (1) |
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289 | (4) |
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293 | (14) |
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293 | (1) |
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Specific Aspects of Topical Formulations |
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294 | (6) |
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294 | (2) |
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Role of Physiological Lipids |
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296 | (1) |
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Barrier Protection and Barrier Recovery |
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297 | (3) |
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Protective Creams with Special Ingredients |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Adverse Effects and Contraindications |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (5) |
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307 | (12) |
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307 | (3) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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Variation with Age and Gender |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (3) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (4) |
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319 | (14) |
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319 | (3) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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Penetration, Absorption, and Cutaneous Metabolism of Topical Retinoids |
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323 | (4) |
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Cellular Uptake of Retinol |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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Pharmacological Effects of Retinol In Vitro and In Vivo |
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326 | (1) |
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Tretinoin Therapy in Photoaging |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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330 | (3) |
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333 | (16) |
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333 | (1) |
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Acute UV-Induced Skin Damage |
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334 | (2) |
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Chronic UV-Induced Skin Damage |
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336 | (1) |
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Reactive Oxygen Species Generated by UV Irradiation and Skin Damage |
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336 | (5) |
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Superoxide Anion, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Hydroxyl Radical |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (2) |
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Prevention of Skin Damage by Scavenging of Reactive Oxygen Species |
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341 | (4) |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (3) |
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Use of Growth Factors in Cosmeceuticals |
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349 | (16) |
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349 | (1) |
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Pathology of Photoaged Skin |
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350 | (1) |
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Cosmetic Approaches to Photoaged Skin |
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350 | (1) |
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Growth Factors: What Are They? |
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351 | (1) |
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Growth Factors and Wound Healing |
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351 | (2) |
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Growth Factors in Cosmetic Applications |
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353 | (3) |
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Combination Approaches: Laser Plus Topical Growth Factors |
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356 | (1) |
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Risks Associated with Growth Factors |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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359 | (6) |
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365 | (8) |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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Biological and Pharmacological Actions |
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366 | (3) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (2) |
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Hyaluronan: The Natural Skin Moisturizer |
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373 | (34) |
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374 | (1) |
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375 | (2) |
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The ``Ground Substance'' Era |
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375 | (1) |
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``Mucopolysaccharide'' Period |
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376 | (1) |
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Discovery of HA (Hyaluronan) |
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376 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (7) |
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377 | (1) |
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Structure and Terminology |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
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|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
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384 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
385 | (5) |
|
Artifacts of Hyaluronan Histolocalization in Skin |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Acute and Chronic Inflammation |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Hyaluronan in Skin Substitutes |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Non-enzymatic Degradation |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
Macromolecular Inhibitors |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Low Molecular Weight Inhibitors |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
Oxidative Stress and Skin Hyaluronan |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
Enhancing Skin Moisture by Modulating Hyaluronan |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Retinoic Acid and Its Derivatives |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
General Comments from Dermatology and Cosmetic Perspectives |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (11) |
|
|
|
407 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
408 | (2) |
|
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
Melatonin: A Hormone, Drug, or Cosmeceutical |
|
|
413 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
Melatonin and UV Protection |
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
Melatonin: A ``Hair Growth Inducer'' |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Melatonin: A Natural Product in Edible Plants |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Melatonin: A Food Supplement |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (3) |
|
Topical Niacinamide Provides Skin Aging Appearance Benefits while Enhancing Barrier Function |
|
|
421 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
422 | (7) |
|
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
Involucrin Synthesis Assay |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Filaggrin Synthesis Assay |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Lipogenesis in Skin Biopsy Samples |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Sebum Excretion Measurement Study |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Pore Size Measurement Study |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (9) |
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
Facial Skin Tolerance of Niacinamide |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Reduction in Sebum Excretion and Pore Size |
|
|
435 | (3) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Topical Retinyl Propionate Achieves Skin Benefits with Favourable Irritation Profile |
|
|
441 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (4) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
Stability of Test Materials in Products |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
Back Cumulative Irritation Test |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
447 | (12) |
|
Back Cumulative Irritation Test |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
|
|
450 | (5) |
|
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
Inhibition of Dermal GAG Production |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (4) |
|
|
|
465 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
Condensed Tannins (Proanthocyanidins) |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Tannins of Phyllanthus emblica |
|
|
470 | (14) |
|
Product Description and Standardization |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Hydroxy Radical Quenching |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Superoxide Anion Radical Quenching |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
Nitrogen Radical Quenching |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
Boosting of Antioxidant Defense Enzymes |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Chelators as Oxidation Enhancer |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Antioxidants Act as Pro-Oxidants |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Chelating Property of Emblica Antioxidant |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Matrix Metalloprotease (MMP) Enzymes |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
Collagenase (MMP-1) Inhibitory Activity of Emblica Antioxidant |
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
Stromelysin 1 (MMP-3) Inhibitory Activity of Emblica Antioxidant |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Proteins |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Stimulation of Noncollagenic Protein Synthesis |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Skin Lightening/Skin Even-Toning |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Emblica Antioxidant Lightens the Normal Skin Color |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Emblica Antioxidant Reduces Freckle Spots |
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
Emblica Antioxidant Reduces UV-Induced Erythema |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Acute Oral Toxicity Study in Rats |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Primary Eye Irritation Study in Rabbits |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of Phototoxicity Potential by UV-A Irradiation on Human Subjects |
|
|
483 | (1) |
|
Repeat Insult Patch Test on Human Subjects/Skin Irritation and Skin Sensitization Evaluation |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
Bacterial Mutagenicity Test |
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
484 | (1) |
|
|
|
485 | (4) |
|
Management of Unwanted Facial Hair by Topical Application of Eflornithine |
|
|
489 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management of Unwanted Facial Hair in Women |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Eflornithine, a Selective Inhibitor of ODC and Hair Growth |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Eflornithine Delivery to Anagen Hair Follicle |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
Preclinical and Pharmacokinetic Studies with Eflornithine Formulations |
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
Percutaneous ADME Studies |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Clinical Safety of Topical Eflornithine |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
Eflornithine Clinical Studies for Facial Hair Growth Reduction |
|
|
496 | (11) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Phase II and Phase III Clinical Studies (Placebo Controlled) |
|
|
497 | (3) |
|
Objective Measures of Facial Hair Growth by Videoimaging in the Phase II and Phase III Studies |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Phase II Objective Hair Length Reductions |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
Phase II Investigator Perceptions |
|
|
502 | (2) |
|
Subject Perception Evaluations |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
508 | (3) |
|
|
|
511 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
511 | (2) |
|
Skin-Whitening Ingredients |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
|
514 | (6) |
|
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Physicochemical Properties |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Skin-Whitening Activity in Humans |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Preventing Skin Pigmentation after Sunburn |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Improving Effect on Skin-Pigmentation Conditions |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (3) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
Heat Shock Proteins for Cosmeceuticals |
|
|
523 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
Medical and Pharmaceutical Interest in Hsp |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Cosmeceutical Interest in Hsp |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Effects of Hsp on the Skin: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies |
|
|
528 | (4) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (2) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
533 | (4) |
|
|
|
537 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
537 | (3) |
|
Clinical Study with Evelle® |
|
|
538 | (2) |
|
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
|
|
543 | (2) |
|
Retinaldehyde: A New Compound in Topical Retinoids |
|
|
545 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (3) |
|
|
|
549 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
550 | (5) |
|
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
Copperceuticals and Skin: The GHK--Cu Tripeptide |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
552 | (2) |
|
The Importance of the Copper Peptide Complex |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Skin Penetration Study of GHK--Cu |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Immunohistological Assessment |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Controlled Usage Study in Photodamaged Skin |
|
|
555 | (4) |
|
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Safety of GHK--Cu Complex |
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
561 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
Dermatotoxicology Overview |
|
|
567 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Dermatopharmacokinetics: Relation to Predictive Assays |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
In Vivo Percutaneous Absorption Assays |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
In Vitro Percutaneous Penetration Assays |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Allergic Contact Dermatitis |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
Guinea Pig Sensitization Tests |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Freund's Complete Adjuvant Test |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Guinea Pig Maximization Test |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Human Sensitization Assays |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Repeat Insult Patch Tests |
|
|
575 | (2) |
|
Modified Draize Human Sensitization Test |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Irritation Tests in Animals |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Non-Draize Animal Studies |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Contact Urticaria Syndrome |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
Nonimmunological Contact Urticaria |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
Immunological Contact Urticaria |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
Guinea Pig Ear Swelling Test |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Trimellitic Anhydride-Sensitive Mouse Assay |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
Subjective Irritation and Paresthesia |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
|
582 | (5) |
|
Contact Urticaria Syndrome and Claims Support |
|
|
587 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Contact Urticaria |
|
|
589 | (2) |
|
Nonimmunological Contact Urticaria |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
Immunological Contact Urticaria |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
Site Specificity of Contact Urticaria Reactions |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Human Experimental Protocols |
|
|
591 | (3) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
Paired Comparison Studies |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Clinical Assessment and Quantitative Methods |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
Visual Scoring of Contact Urticaria |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Laser-Doppler Blood Flowmetry |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
Animal Experimental Protocols |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
|
|
597 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
Process Engineering in Cosmetics to Utilize Active Ingredients |
|
|
603 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Application for Decreasing the Amount of Emulsifier |
|
|
604 | (3) |
|
Application Correspondence in Order to Decrease Preservatives |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
Application to Solubility and Dispersion |
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
Application for Improvement in Usability and Feeling |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
|
612 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
Cosmeceuticals or Not? The Industry View: Europe |
|
|
615 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
Advances in the Science of Skin and Cosmetic Care |
|
|
619 | (3) |
|
|
|
622 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
The Legal Distinction in USA between Cosmetic and Drug |
|
|
625 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Legislative History of the Cosmetic and Drug Provisions of the 1938 Act |
|
|
627 | (2) |
|
Implementation of the FD&C Act |
|
|
629 | (10) |
|
Initial FDA Action under the FD&C Act |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Wrinkle Remover Cases of the 1960s |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Warning Letters of the Late 1980s |
|
|
633 | (2) |
|
The Alpha-Hydroxy Acid (AHA) Products of the 1990s |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Use of Foreign Marketing Experience |
|
|
635 | (2) |
|
Rationale of the Tobacco Initiative |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
Labeling and Manufacturing Difficulties for Cosmetic Drugs |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Budgetary Impact on the FDA |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Potential Future Approaches |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (3) |
|
Drugs versus Cosmetics: Cosmeceuticals? |
|
|
643 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
643 | (7) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
Cosmeceuticals in the Future |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
|
652 | (3) |
| Index |
|
655 | |
