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Cosmochemistry 2nd Revised edition [Kõva köide]

(University of Hawaii, Manoa), (University of Tennessee, Knoxville)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 452 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 260x206x26 mm, kaal: 1300 g, Worked examples or Exercises
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108839835
  • ISBN-13: 9781108839839
  • Formaat: Hardback, 452 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 260x206x26 mm, kaal: 1300 g, Worked examples or Exercises
  • Ilmumisaeg: 03-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 1108839835
  • ISBN-13: 9781108839839
Cosmochemistry is a rapidly evolving field of planetary science and the second edition of this classic text reflects the exciting discoveries made over the past decade from new spacecraft missions. Topics covered include the synthesis of elements in stars, behaviour of elements and isotopes in the early solar nebula and planetary bodies, and compositions of extra-terrestrial materials. Radioisotope chronology of the early Solar System is also discussed, as well as geochemical exploration of planets by spacecraft, and cosmochemical constraints on the formation of solar systems. Thoroughly updated throughout, this new edition features significantly expanded coverage of chemical fractionation and isotopic analyses; focus boxes covering basic definitions and essential background material on mineralogy, organic chemistry and quantitative topics; and a comprehensive glossary. An appendix of analytical techniques and end-of-chapter review questions, with solutions available at www.cambridge.org/cosmochemistry2e, also contribute to making this the ideal teaching resource for courses on the Solar System's composition as well as a valuable reference for early career researchers.

This second edition is thoroughly updated with exciting discoveries made by new spacecraft missions and in state-of-the-art terrestrial laboratories. With boxes covering basic definitions and essential background material, an appendix of analytical techniques, end-of-chapter questions, and a glossary, this is ideal text for cosmochemistry courses.

Arvustused

'Cosmochemistry deserves a wide distribution as a text for undergraduate and research students. Indeed, the book is worthy of the American Astronomical Society's Chambliss Astronomical Writing Award given for textbooks at either the upper-division or graduate level.' David L. Lambert, The Observatory 'The authors have done an admirable job of providing context for the ongoing research in this field, and the current and anticipated results from the exploration of the solar system by spacecraft, including returned samples from asteroids, the Moon, and Mars.' Christopher Herd, American Mineralogist 'It would be effectively impossible for any textbook to capture the current state of cosmochemistry, given the pace of discovery. The authors acknowledge that their book is a snapshot. However, they have done an admirable job of providing context for the ongoing research in this field, and the current and anticipated results from the exploration of the solar system by spacecraft, including returned samples from asteroids, the Moon, and Mars.' Christopher Herd, American Mineralogist

Muu info

Thoroughly updated to include exciting discoveries from spacecraft missions and laboratory analyses, as well as new teaching resources.
Preface xiii
1 Introduction to Cosmochemistry
1(19)
Overview
1(1)
1.1 What Is Cosmochemistry?
1(1)
1.2 Geochemistry versus Cosmochemistry
2(2)
1.3 Beginnings of Cosmochemistry (and Geochemistry)
4(11)
1.4 The Tools of Cosmochemistry
15(3)
1.5 Relationship of Cosmochemistry to Other Disciplines
18(2)
Questions
19(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
19(1)
Other References
19(1)
2 Nuclides and Elements: The Building Blocks of Matter
20(17)
Overview
20(1)
2.1 Elementary Particles, Isotopes, and Elements
20(2)
2.2 Chart of the Nuclides: Organizing Elements by Their Nuclear Properties
22(3)
2.3 Radioactive Elements and Their Modes of Decay
25(2)
2.4 The Periodic Table: Organizing Elements by Their Chemical Properties
27(4)
2.5 Chemical Bonding
31(3)
2.6 Chemical and Physical Processes Relevant to Cosmochemistry
34(3)
Summary
35(1)
Questions
35(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
35(1)
Other References
35(2)
3 Origin of the Elements
37(23)
Overview
37(1)
3.1 In the Beginning
37(3)
3.2 Nucleosynthesis in Stars
40(16)
3.3 Origin of the Galaxy and Galactic Chemical Evolution
56(4)
Summary
58(1)
Questions
59(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
59(1)
Other References
59(1)
4 Solar System and Cosmic Abundances: Elements and Isotopes
60(25)
Overview
60(1)
4.1 Chemistry on a Grand Scale
60(1)
4.2 Historical Perspective
60(2)
4.3 How Are Solar System Abundances Determined?
62(1)
4.4 Determining Chemical Abundances in the Sun
62(10)
4.5 Solar System Abundances of the Elements
72(1)
4.6 Solar System Abundances of the Isotopes
72(5)
4.7 How Did Solar System Abundances Arise?
77(2)
4.8 Differences between Solar System and Cosmic Abundances
79(2)
4.9 How Are Solar System Abundances Used in Cosmochemistry?
81(4)
Summary
82(1)
Questions
83(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
83(1)
Other References
83(2)
5 Presolar Grains: A Record of Stellar Nucleosynthesis and Processes in Interstellar Space
85(25)
Overview
85(1)
5.1 Grains that Predate the Solar System
85(1)
5.2 A Cosmochemical Detective Story
85(4)
5.3 Recognizing Presolar Grains in Meteorites
89(1)
5.4 Known Types of Presolar Grains
90(1)
5.5 Locating and Identifying Presolar Grains
91(1)
5.6 Characterizing Presolar Grains
91(2)
5.7 Identification of Stellar Sources
93(5)
5.8 Presolar Grains as Probes of Stellar Nucleosynthesis
98(4)
5.9 Presolar Grains as Tracers of Circumstellar and Interstellar Environments
102(2)
5.10 Presolar Grains as Probes of the Early Solar System
104(6)
Summary
107(1)
Questions
107(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
107(1)
Other References
107(3)
6 Meteorites, Interplanetary Dust, and Lunar Samples
110(29)
Overview
110(1)
6.1 Primitive versus Differentiated
110(1)
6.2 Components of Chondrites
111(4)
6.3 Chondrite Classification
115(5)
6.4 Oxygen Isotopes in Chondrites
120(1)
6.5 Interplanetary Dust Particles
121(2)
6.6 Nonchondritic Meteorites
123(1)
6.7 Primitive Achondrites
124(3)
6.8 Magmatic Achondrites
127(1)
6.9 Irons and Stony Irons
128(2)
6.10 Lunar Samples and Meteorites
130(2)
6.11 Martian Meteorites
132(1)
6.12 Oxygen Isotopes in Differentiated Meteorites
133(1)
6.13 Trading Rocks: Meteorites on Other Worlds
134(5)
Summary
134(1)
Questions
135(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
135(1)
Other References
136(3)
7 Element Fractionations by Cosmochemical and Geochemical Processes
139(26)
Overview
139(1)
7.1 What Are Element Fractionations and Why Are They Important?
139(3)
7.2 Condensation as a Fractionation Process
142(6)
7.3 Volatile Element Depletions
148(2)
7.4 Physical Fractionations in the Solar Nebula
150(3)
7.5 Igneous Fractionations
153(4)
7.6 Fractionations in Aqueous Systems
157(1)
7.7 Physical Fractionations on Planetesimals and Planets
158(1)
7.8 Differentiation of Rocky Planetesimals and Planets
159(1)
7.9 Differentiation of Giant Planets and Icy Satellites
160(5)
Summary
161(1)
Questions
162(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
162(1)
Other References
162(3)
8 Stable-Isotope Fractionations by Cosmochemical and Geochemical Processes
165(27)
Overview
165(1)
8.1 What Are Isotopic Fractionations and Why Are They Important?
165(1)
8.2 Mass-Dependent Isotope Fractionations
166(15)
8.3 Mass-Independent Isotope Effects
181(4)
8.4 Isotopic Anomalies Inherited from the Sun's Parent Molecular Cloud
185(7)
Summary
187(1)
Questions
188(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
189(1)
Other References
189(3)
9 Radioisotopes as Chronometers
192(46)
Overview
192(1)
9.1 Methods of Age Determination
192(1)
9.2 Discussing Radiometric Ages and Time
193(1)
9.3 Basic Principles of Radiometric Age Dating
193(3)
9.4 Long-Lived Radionuclides
196(24)
9.5 Short-Lived Radionuclides
220(18)
Summary
232(1)
Questions
232(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
233(1)
Other References
233(5)
10 Chronology of the Solar System from Radioactive Isotopes
238(33)
Overview
238(1)
10.1 Age of the Elements and the Sun's Formation Environment
238(5)
10.2 Age of the Solar System
243(12)
10.3 Accretion, Differentiation, and Igneous History of Planets and the Moon
255(4)
10.4 Shock Ages and Impact Histories
259(3)
10.5 Cosmogenic Nuclides in Meteorites
262(3)
10.6 Up Next: Flight Instruments for In Situ Dating
265(6)
Summary
266(1)
Questions
266(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
267(1)
Other References
267(4)
11 The Most Volatile Elements and Compounds: Ices, Noble Gases, and Organic Matter
271(27)
Overview
271(1)
11.1 Volatility
271(1)
11.2 Condensation of Ices
272(1)
11.3 Accretion of Ices and the Snowline
272(1)
11.4 Noble Gases and How They Are Analyzed
272(2)
11.5 Noble Gas Components in Extraterrestrial Samples
274(3)
11.6 Planetary Atmospheres
277(2)
11.7 Extraterrestrial Organic Matter: Occurrence and Complexity
279(6)
11.8 Are Organic Compounds Interstellar, Nebular, or Planetary?
285(1)
11.9 Ices, Noble Gases, and Organic Matter in Planetesimals and Planets
286(12)
Summary
294(1)
Questions
295(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
295(1)
Other References
295(3)
12 Planetesimals: Leftover Planetary Building Blocks
298(25)
Overview
298(1)
12.1 Millions and Millions
298(1)
12.2 Physical Properties of Planetesimals
299(3)
12.3 Spectroscopy and Taxonomy of Planetesimals, and Relation to Samples
302(8)
12.4 Orbital Distributions of Planetesimals
310(2)
12.5 Thermal Metamorphism, Aqueous Alteration, and Melting of Planetesimals
312(4)
12.6 Compositional and Thermal Structure of the Asteroid Belt
316(2)
12.7 Collisions among Planetesimals
318(5)
Summary
319(1)
Questions
320(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
320(1)
Other References
320(3)
13 Chemistry of Planetesimals and Their Samples
323(23)
Overview
323(1)
13.1 The Value of Bulk Chemical Analyses
323(1)
13.2 Compositions of Chondrites and Primitive Planetesimals
323(7)
13.3 Geochemical Exploration of Dwarf Planet Ceres
330(3)
13.4 Compositions of IDPs and Comet Samples
333(1)
13.5 Compositions of Differentiated Meteorites
334(5)
13.6 Geochemical Exploration of Asteroid Vesta
339(7)
Summary
342(1)
Questions
343(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
343(1)
Other References
344(2)
14 Geochemical Exploration: The Moon and Mars as Case Studies
346(24)
Overview
346(1)
14.1 Why the Moon and Mars?
346(1)
14.2 Global Geologic Context for Lunar Geochemistry
347(1)
14.3 Geochemical Tools for Lunar Exploration
348(2)
14.4 Composition of the Lunar Crust
350(1)
14.5 Compositions of the Lunar Mantle and Core
351(3)
14.6 Geochemical Evolution of the Moon
354(1)
14.7 Global Geologic Context for Mars Geochemistry
355(1)
14.8 Geochemical Tools for Mars Exploration
356(4)
14.9 Composition of the Martian Crust
360(2)
14.10 Compositions of the Martian Mantle and Core
362(2)
14.11 Geochemical Evolution of Mars
364(6)
Summary
365(1)
Questions
366(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
366(1)
Other References
366(4)
15 Cosmochemical Models for the Formation and Evolution of Solar Systems
370(30)
Overview
370(1)
15.1 Constraining and Testing Models with Cosmochemistry
370(1)
15.2 From Gas and Dust to Stars and Our Sun
370(3)
15.3 Formation of the Accretion Disk and Planets
373(1)
15.4 Temperatures in the Accretion Disk
374(6)
15.5 Compositional Variations within the Accretion Disk
380(2)
15.6 How to Estimate Bulk Compositions of Planets
382(3)
15.7 Compositions and Differentiation of the Terrestrial Planets
385(5)
15.8 Compositions and Differentiation of the Giant Planets
390(1)
15.9 Orbital and Collisional Evolution of the Solar System
391(2)
15.10 Inferring the Compositions of Exoplanets
393(7)
Summary
394(1)
Questions
395(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading
395(1)
Other References
395(5)
Appendix: Some Analytical Techniques Commonly Used in Cosmochemistry 400(19)
Glossary 419(10)
Index 429
Harry McSween is Chancellor Professor Emeritus at the University of Tennessee. His research on meteorites and Mars has resulted in hundreds of scientific papers. He has authored/co-authored six books on planetary science, including the textbook Planetary Geoscience (Cambridge, 2019) and was co-investigator on four NASA spacecraft missions. He has received awards from the US National Academy of Sciences, Meteoritical Society, and American Geophysical Union, and is the namesake for an asteroid. Gary Huss is Research Professor and Director of the W. M. Keck Cosmochemistry Laboratory, University of Hawai'i. He is grandson of H. H. Nininger, the father of modern meteoritics, and has 50 years of experience collecting and carrying out research on meteorites. He has published approximately 130 papers on cosmochemistry. He is a Fellow of, and has served as President of, the Meteoritical Society. He also has an asteroid named after him.