Foreword |
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ix | |
Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xii | |
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Chapter 1 Getting Acquainted with the 6 Traits |
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1 | (29) |
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2 | (2) |
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Who Invented the 6 Traits? |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (3) |
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Responding to Student Writing |
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8 | (3) |
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What Teachers Value in Writing |
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11 | (6) |
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Warming Up with the One-Pager |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (3) |
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Connecting the 6 Traits to Research |
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20 | (1) |
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Connecting the 6 Traits to the Common Core Standards for Writing |
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21 | (6) |
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27 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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27 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Setting the Stage with Writing Process and Writing Workshop |
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30 | (32) |
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Setting the Stage with Writing Process |
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31 | (13) |
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Experience: The Well We Draw From |
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33 | (1) |
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Rehearsing and Prewriting: Giving Shape to the Ideas We've Chosen |
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34 | (3) |
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Drafting: Going from Beginning to End |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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Revising: Letting the Traits Shine |
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39 | (2) |
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Editing: Making the Reader Feel "At Home" in Your Text |
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41 | (2) |
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Publishing: Honoring and Preserving Writing |
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43 | (1) |
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Assessing: For Students, the First Step in Revising |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Setting the Stage with Writing Workshop |
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44 | (4) |
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What Happens in Writing Workshop? |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Are Some Writers Too Young? |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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In Judy's Third-Grade Writing Workshop |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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In Billie's Seventh-Grade Writing Workshop |
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49 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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In Barbara's Middle School Writing Workshop |
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51 | (4) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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Assessing Writing as a Class |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Reviewing Individual Students' Work |
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52 | (1) |
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Learning to "Read" Each Other's Writing |
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53 | (2) |
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In Andrea's Multiage Second-Language Classroom |
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55 | (2) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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In Rosey's High School Writing Workshop |
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57 | (2) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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59 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Making Meaning with Ideas |
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62 | (34) |
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63 | (2) |
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Student Writing Guide for IDEAS (Figure 3.2) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Teacher Writing Guide for IDEAS (Figure 3.3) |
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66 | (1) |
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Trait Shortie for IDEAS (Figure 3.4) |
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67 | |
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Warming Up with Literature |
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66 | (4) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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Other Books Wonderful for Teaching IDEAS |
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69 | (1) |
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Assessing Writing Samples for IDEAS |
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70 | (12) |
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Paper 1 Making Decisions (Expository, Grade 8) |
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71 | (1) |
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Paper 2 The Best Gift (Memoir, Grade 6) |
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72 | (1) |
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Paper 3 The Baseball (Narrative/Descriptive, Grade 5) |
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73 | (1) |
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Paper 4 Metamorphosis (Narrative, Grade 9) |
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74 | (2) |
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Paper 5 Going Veggie (Argument, Grade 4) |
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76 | (2) |
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Paper 6 Writing Is Important (Expository, Grade 11) |
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78 | (1) |
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Paper 7 Harder Than You Think (Expository, Grade 10) |
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79 | (1) |
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Paper 8 Why Writing Matters (Expository, Grade 6) |
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80 | (2) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Teaching IDEAS |
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82 | (10) |
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Some Quick Trait Logistics |
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92 | (3) |
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How Long Should I Spend Teaching a Single Trait? |
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92 | (1) |
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Is It Important to Teach the Traits in a Particular Order? |
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92 | (1) |
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Do I---Should I---Teach Every Feature of Every Trait? |
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93 | (1) |
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What Happens Once I Finish Teaching All the Traits? |
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94 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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95 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Showcasing the Message with Organization |
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96 | (31) |
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Organization: Structure and Design |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Student Writing Guide for Organization (Figure 4.1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Teacher Writing Guide for Organization (Figure 4.2) |
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99 | (1) |
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Trait Shortie for Organization (Figure 4.3) |
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100 | |
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Warming Up with Literature |
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97 | (7) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (3) |
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Other Books with Interesting Organizational Structure |
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102 | (2) |
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Assessing Writing Samples for Organization |
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104 | (11) |
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Paper 1 Some Cartoons Are Violent! (Argument, Grade 3) |
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104 | (1) |
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Paper 2 A Great Book (Literary Analysis, Grade 8) |
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105 | (1) |
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Paper 3 Movies and Books: A Comparison (Expository, Grade 8) |
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106 | (2) |
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Paper 4 Are Films Too Violent? (Argument, Grade 5) |
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108 | (1) |
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Paper 5 How to Be a Good Driver (Expository, Grade 12) |
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109 | (2) |
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Paper 6 Computing Batting Averages (Expository, Grade 6) |
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111 | (1) |
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Paper 7 Cats or Dogs (Argument, Grade 6) |
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112 | (1) |
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Paper 8 Sand Dollar (Narrative, Grade 8) |
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113 | (2) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Teaching Organization |
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115 | (10) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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125 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Making the Heart Beat with Voice |
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127 | (35) |
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128 | (2) |
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128 | (1) |
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What Is Voice? (Figure 5.1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Student Writing Guide for Voice (Figure 5.2) |
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129 | (1) |
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Teacher Writing Guide for Voice (Figure 5.3) |
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130 | (1) |
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Trait Shortie for Voice (Figure 5.4) |
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131 | |
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Warming Up with Literature |
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130 | (7) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (3) |
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Other Books with Striking (Read-Aloud) Voice |
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134 | (3) |
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Assessing Writing Samples for Voice |
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137 | (8) |
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Paper 1 Why You Need a Job (Argument, Grade 9) |
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137 | (1) |
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Paper 2 Zeena and the Marshmellows (Argument, Grade 5) |
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138 | (1) |
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Paper 3 A Sunflower Seed (Expository/Reflective, Grade 5) |
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139 | (1) |
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Paper 4 Fishing (Expository, Grade 11) |
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140 | (1) |
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Paper 5 You Whant to Be My Friend? (Personal Essay, Grade 3) |
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141 | (1) |
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Paper 6 Unscripted Television: Enjoy It While You Can (Argument, Middle School) |
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142 | (2) |
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Paper 7 The Perfect Tree (Descriptive/Narrative, Grade 7) |
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144 | (1) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Teaching Voice |
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145 | (15) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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160 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Enhancing Meaning & Voice with Word Choice |
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162 | (28) |
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Word Choice: Phrasing and Terminology |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Student Writing Guide for Word Choice (Figure 6.1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Teacher Writing Guide for Word Choice (Figure 6.2) |
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165 | (1) |
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Trait Shortie for Word Choice (Figure 6.3) |
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166 | |
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Warming Up with Literature |
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164 | (7) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
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Other Books in Which Word Choice Sings |
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169 | (2) |
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Assessing Writing Samples for Word Choice |
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171 | (8) |
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Paper 1 Chad (Descriptive, Grade 3) |
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171 | (1) |
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Paper 2 Pets Are Forever: An Investigative Report (Expository, Grade 8) |
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172 | (1) |
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Paper 3 Fishing Lessons (Memoir, Grade 7) |
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173 | (1) |
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Paper 4 Elephants (Expository, Grade 5) |
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174 | (2) |
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Paper 5 A Strange Visitor (Narrative/Imaginative, Grade 5) |
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176 | (1) |
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Paper 6 The Pirate Ship (Descriptive, Grade 5) |
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177 | (1) |
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Paper 7 Kill Measure 34---Now! (Argument, Grade 8) |
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178 | (1) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Teaching Word Choice |
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179 | (10) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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189 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Enhancing Meaning & Voice with Sentence Fluency |
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190 | (32) |
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How Can I Tell If the Real Problem Is with Conventions---Or Fluency? |
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191 | (1) |
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Sentence Fluency: Rhythm and Readability |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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Student Writing Guide for Sentence Fluency (Figure 7.1) |
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193 | (1) |
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Teacher Writing Guide for Sentence Fluency (Figure 7.2) |
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194 | (1) |
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Trait Shortie for Sentence Fluency (Figure 7.3) |
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195 | |
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Warming Up with Literature |
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192 | (8) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (2) |
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Other Books with Lyrical Sentence Fluency |
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197 | (3) |
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Assessing Writing Samples for Sentence Fluency |
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200 | (10) |
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Paper 1 The Closet Monster (Fiction, Grade 3) |
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200 | (1) |
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Paper 2 The Big Road (Narrative, Grade 7) |
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201 | (1) |
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Paper 3 Xeriscaping (Argument, Grade 5) |
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202 | (2) |
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Paper 4 The Ritual of Rocks and Sticks (Imaginative/Narrative, Grade 6) |
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204 | (1) |
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Paper 5 Why I Write (Expository, Grade 7) |
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205 | (2) |
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Paper 6 A Rescue (Narrative, Grade 4) |
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207 | (1) |
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Paper 7 Marco Polo (Imaginative Journal, Grade 4) |
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208 | (1) |
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Paper 8 Call Me When You Get There (Expository, Grade 7) |
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209 | (1) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Teaching Sentence Fluency |
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210 | (11) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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221 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Preparing to Publish with Conventions & Presentation |
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222 | (44) |
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Step 1 Editing (Textual Conventions) |
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223 | (1) |
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Conventions? Isn't That the Easiest Trait to Assess? |
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223 | (1) |
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Step 2 Packaging (Visual Conventions/Presentation) |
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224 | (1) |
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Conventions & Presentation: Readiness for Publication |
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224 | (4) |
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224 | (2) |
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Student Writing Guide for Conventions & Presentation (Figure 8.2) |
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226 | (1) |
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Teacher Writing Guide for Conventions & Presentation (Figure 8.3) |
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227 | (1) |
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Trait Shortie for Conventions & Presentation (Figure 8.4) |
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228 | |
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How Important Is Presentation in the Overall Score? |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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Warming Up with Literature |
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229 | (4) |
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Books with Intriguing Conventions |
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229 | (2) |
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Books with Arresting Presentation |
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231 | (2) |
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Assessing Writing Samples for Conventions |
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233 | (6) |
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6 Keys to Scoring Conventions Well |
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233 | (1) |
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Paper 1 Haircut from Hell (Narrative/Imaginative, Grade 7) |
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234 | (1) |
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Paper 2 Japan (Expository, Grade 3) |
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235 | (1) |
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Paper 3 The Joke (Memoir, Grade 7) |
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236 | (2) |
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Paper 4 Computer Blues (Narrative, Grade 12) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (6) |
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239 | (1) |
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A Published Piece: Coco Writes |
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240 | (1) |
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Original Art for an Informational Report: Thandi |
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241 | (1) |
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An Original Picture Book: A Great Journey |
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241 | (3) |
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A Collage of Covers: Creating Writers |
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244 | (1) |
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Lessons and Strategies for Teaching Conventions |
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245 | (7) |
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A Message for Parents and Guardians |
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252 | (3) |
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Resource Books for You, Your Students, or Both |
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255 | (1) |
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Strategies for Introducing and Teaching Presentation |
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256 | (2) |
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Expanding Presentation through Technology |
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258 | (6) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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264 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Going Informational |
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266 | (42) |
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Trait by Trait: A Quick Review |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (6) |
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268 | (1) |
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One-Page Informational Writing Guide for Teachers (9.1) |
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269 | (2) |
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Informational Writing Guides for Students (9.2 through 9.7) |
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271 | (3) |
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Assessing Informational Writing |
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274 | (14) |
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Paper 1 Black Widows (Informational, Grade 3) |
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274 | (1) |
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Paper 2 Gorillas (Informational, Grade 4) |
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275 | (1) |
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Paper 3 Our History: Strange But True (Informational, Grade 5) |
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276 | (1) |
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Paper 4 Mini Vampires (Informational, Grade 5) |
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277 | (2) |
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Paper 5 Stars (Informational, Grade 5) |
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279 | (1) |
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Paper 6 The Middle Ages (Informational, Grade 7) |
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280 | (1) |
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Paper 7 Life in the Middle Ages (Informational, Grade 7) |
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281 | (2) |
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Paper 8 Humboldt Penguins (Informational, Grade 9) |
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283 | (2) |
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Paper 9 Method Acting (Informational, Grade 12) |
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285 | (3) |
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9 Strategies for Helping Students Create Powerful Informational Writing |
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288 | (8) |
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Informational Favorites (A Booklist) |
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296 | (4) |
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A Quick Look at Persuasive Argument and Thoughts About "Trait Eight" |
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300 | (1) |
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4 Simple Steps to Your Own Persuasive Checklist |
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301 | (6) |
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Paper 11 Driving Tests Should Be Harder (Persuasive, Grade 7) |
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303 | (2) |
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Paper 12 Smoking Stinks! (Persuasive, Grade 5) |
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305 | (2) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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307 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 Exploring the World of Beginning Writers |
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308 | (54) |
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309 | (1) |
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Paper 1 Bat and Spider (Age 4) |
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309 | (1) |
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Paper 2 Mike's Note (Age 5) |
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310 | (1) |
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Taking a Close Look at Primary Writing |
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310 | (14) |
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Things to Look for in Primary Writing (Figure 10.1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Early Guides to Traits (Figure 10.2) |
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312 | (2) |
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Paper 3 Jack's Penguins (Grade 1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Paper 4 Sam Is My Friend by Kean (Grade 1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Paper 5 My Favorite Brother Is Nick by Lincoln (Grade 1) |
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315 | (1) |
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Paper 6 I Like My Library by Nicholas (Grade 1) |
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316 | (1) |
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Paper 7 Catdog Shopping by Jocelyn (Grade 1) |
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316 | (1) |
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Paper 8 Mason's First Book (Kindergarten) |
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317 | (1) |
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Paper 9 Old by Megan (Grade 3) |
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318 | (1) |
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Paper 10 Dear Tooth Fairy by Leah (Grade 2) |
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318 | (1) |
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Paper 11 Jamey the Cat by Veronica (Grade 2) |
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319 | (1) |
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Paper 12 Pyramid by Brad (Grade 2) |
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320 | (1) |
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Papers 13, 14, 15 Three Short Pieces by Andrew (Kindergarten) |
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321 | (1) |
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Paper 16 Love by Kaden (Grade 1) |
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321 | (1) |
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Paper 17 My Friend by Jane (Grade 1) |
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322 | (1) |
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Paper 18 Spiderman by Wyatt (Grade 1) |
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323 | (1) |
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Paper 19 My Winter Vacation by Connor (Grade 2) |
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323 | (1) |
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Paper 20 Guess Why I Like School by Hollie (Grade 1) |
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324 | (1) |
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Using the 6 Traits to Teach Primary Writing |
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324 | (15) |
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326 | (8) |
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Paper 22 Moving Day by Andrew (Grade 1) |
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334 | (1) |
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Paper 23 Cookies by Griffin (Grade 2) |
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335 | (4) |
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Primary Books for Teaching Ideas |
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339 | (1) |
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Primary Books for Teaching Organization |
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340 | (1) |
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Primary Books for Teaching Voice |
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341 | (1) |
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Primary Books for Teaching Word Choice |
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342 | (1) |
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Primary Books for Teaching Sentence Fluency |
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343 | (1) |
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Primary Books for Teaching Conventions & Presentation |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (15) |
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Assessment Step 1 Looking Carefully at Student Writing |
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346 | (1) |
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Assessment Step 2 Observing Young Writers Carefully |
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347 | (1) |
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Assessment Step 3 Asking Children to Talk about Their Process |
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348 | (1) |
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Assessment Step 4 Keeping Portfolios |
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349 | (2) |
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Assessment Step 5 Using Age-Appropriate Tools for Assessment |
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351 | (1) |
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Avoid Scales Intended for Older Writers |
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351 | (1) |
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Early Guides to Traits (Assessing Examples) |
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352 | (1) |
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Primary Continuums (Figure 10.17) |
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353 | (7) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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360 | (2) |
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Chapter 11 Communicating about Students' Writing |
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362 | (24) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (2) |
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Encouraging Comments + Modeling = Path to Success |
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366 | (6) |
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Offer Suggestions through Modeling |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (1) |
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"Waters of Death" (Figure 11.2) |
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370 | (1) |
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"The Bathroom" (Figure 11.3) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (4) |
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A Good Conference Begins with Listening |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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...Puts the Writer in Control |
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373 | (2) |
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375 | (1) |
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Sharing: Connecting with an Audience |
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376 | (4) |
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10 Things You Can Do to Make Sharing More Successful |
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376 | (1) |
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1 Help students develop good listening skills |
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376 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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6 Encourage responders to "begin with I." |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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8 Don't apologize---and don't overreact |
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378 | (1) |
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9 Make it real---by sharing what you picture, how you feel |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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Communicating with Parents or Other Caregivers |
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380 | (2) |
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Tips for Parents and Guardians (Figure 11.7) |
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382 | (2) |
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My Comments on Student Writing |
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384 | (1) |
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"Waters of Death" (Figure 11.2) |
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384 | (1) |
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"The Bathroom" (Figure 11.3) |
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384 | (1) |
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Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
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384 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Assessing Our Students Well |
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386 | (32) |
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Making Large-Scale Writing Assessment All It Can Be |
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387 | (15) |
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Step 1 Have a clear purpose |
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388 | (1) |
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Step 2 Design an assessment to match our vision of success |
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388 | (1) |
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Step 3 Match the assessment approach to the task |
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389 | (3) |
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Step 4 Design rubrics or writing guides with care |
|
|
392 | (1) |
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Step 5 Be thoughtful about prompts |
|
|
393 | (2) |
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Step 6 Abolish forever the dreaded "off-topic" label |
|
|
395 | (1) |
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Step 7 Become truly skilled assessors |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Step 8 Teach on-demand writing as a genre unto itself |
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|
396 | (4) |
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|
400 | (1) |
|
Step 10 Consider multiple samples |
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|
400 | (1) |
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Step 11 Ensure that assessments are reliable and valid |
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
Step 12 Make writing a priority |
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|
401 | (1) |
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Making Classroom Writing Assessment All It Can Be |
|
|
402 | (9) |
|
Step 1 Define our personal vision of success |
|
|
402 | (1) |
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Step 2 Let the writing tell its own story |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Step 3 Think process---not just product |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Step 4 Assess some pieces deeply---to see what students can do |
|
|
404 | (3) |
|
Step 5 Provide both formative and summative assessment |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Step 6 Assess what matters---not what's obvious |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Step 7 Teach students to evaluate their own work |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Step 8 Make personal comments a major part of any feedback |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
Step 9 Be flexible about genre and format |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Step 10 Encourage students to develop "habits of mind" essential for success |
|
|
410 | (1) |
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|
411 | (5) |
|
What Grades Mean to Students |
|
|
411 | (1) |
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|
412 | (1) |
|
Grading as a Control Issue |
|
|
413 | (1) |
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Translating Analytical Scores into Grades |
|
|
414 | (2) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Study Group: Interactive Questions and Activities |
|
|
416 | (2) |
|
Looking Forward: Expanding the Vision |
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|
418 | (12) |
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|
430 | (16) |
|
Appendix 1 History of the Traits |
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|
430 | (5) |
|
Appendix 2 Teacher Three-Level Writing Guide (Adaptable to 5- or 6-Point) |
|
|
435 | (3) |
|
Appendix 3 Student Three-Level Writing Guide (Adaptable to 5- or 6-Point) |
|
|
438 | (3) |
|
Appendix 4 Student Writing Guide in Spanish |
|
|
441 | (3) |
|
Appendix 5 Student Checklist in Spanish |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Appendix 6 Requirements by Genre: Common Core Standards for Writing |
|
|
445 | (1) |
References |
|
446 | (5) |
Index |
|
451 | |