Editor's Introduction |
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xv | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xxi | |
Prologue: Physical Science Before 1800 |
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xxiii | |
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1 Johann Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841) and Psychophysics |
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1 | (36) |
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1 | (3) |
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1 | (2) |
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Herbart's Educational Psychology |
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3 | (1) |
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A Short Introduction to Herbart's Theory |
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4 | (14) |
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"Clear and Distinct" Ideas: Vorstellungen |
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4 | (2) |
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How Herbart Arrived at His Mathematical Psychology |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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Herbart's Model Applied to Two Vorstellungen |
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9 | (3) |
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Herbart's Model Applied to Time Vorstellungen |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (1) |
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Combinations of Vorstellungen |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (3) |
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Herbart's Theory Compared to Alternatives |
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18 | (4) |
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Herbart's Success Compared with Newton's |
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18 | (1) |
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Herbart's Theory of the Origin of the Time-Concept Compared with Hooke's |
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19 | (2) |
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The Measurement of a Vorstellung's Strength Presented a Dilemma for Herbart |
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21 | (1) |
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Chapter 1A: Herbart's Fragment on the Measurement of Vorstellungen |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (13) |
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The Discovery of the Confrontation |
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22 | (2) |
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My Rendering of Herbart's Confrontation |
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24 | (8) |
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Interpreting the Fragment |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (2) |
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2 The Measurement and Variability of Physical Intensities |
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37 | (17) |
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37 | (1) |
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William Wheweli on "Extensive" and "Intensive" Measurements |
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37 | (10) |
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Measurement from a Present-Day Perspective |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (2) |
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Of the Idea of a Medium as Commonly Employed |
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41 | (1) |
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On the Measurement of Secondary Qualities |
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42 | (5) |
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The Gaussian Distribution |
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47 | (1) |
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The Problem it Poses for Non-Mathematicians |
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47 | (1) |
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On the History of the Gaussian Distribution |
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48 | (5) |
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Abraham de Moivre (1667-1754) |
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48 | (2) |
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Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827): After 1817, the Marquis de Laplace |
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50 | (2) |
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Johann Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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3 An Introduction to Weber's Law |
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54 | (19) |
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54 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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The Connection between Gauss and the Scientist Members of Weber's Family |
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54 | (3) |
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E. H. Weber's Experimental Work on the Touch-Sense |
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57 | (12) |
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Weber's Writings on the Touch-Sense |
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57 | (1) |
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The Contents and Importance of Weber's DeTactu (1834) |
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58 | (9) |
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The Contents and Importance of Weber's DerTastsinn (1846) |
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67 | (2) |
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Weber as a Pioneer of Experimental Psychology |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (1) |
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4 An Introduction to Fechner's Law |
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73 | (39) |
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The Historical Background to Fechner's Law |
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73 | (11) |
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Fechner's Early Research on Electricity |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (6) |
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From Weber's Law to Fechner's Law: Fechner's Own Argument |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (5) |
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84 | (2) |
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A Numerical Demonstration of Fechner's Law |
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86 | (3) |
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Fechner's Own Research Findings |
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89 | (9) |
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89 | (1) |
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Using Lifted Weights to Examine the Validity of Weber's Law: Fechner's Large Experiment |
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90 | (1) |
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Fechner's "Parallel Law" to Weber's Law |
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91 | (7) |
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Fechner on Outer Versus Inner Psychophysics |
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98 | (6) |
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Fechner's Outer Psychophysics |
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98 | (1) |
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Fechner's Inner Psychophysics |
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99 | (5) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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Appendix 1 Fechner's Theory and D. Bernoulli's (1738) Conjecture |
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105 | (4) |
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Appendix 2 Fechner's Theory and Ideal Observer Theory |
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109 | (3) |
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5 Psychophysics at Gottingen |
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112 | (15) |
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112 | (14) |
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G. E. Mailer's Reputation among Historians of Psychology |
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112 | (2) |
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Muller and Schumann (1889) on Expectation ("Set") in Psychophysical Tasks |
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114 | (6) |
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Martin and Muller (1899) on Individual Differences in Psychophysical Tasks |
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120 | (6) |
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126 | (1) |
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6 Measuring Psychological Magnitudes: I. Variability Measures |
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127 | (12) |
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127 | (5) |
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127 | (2) |
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Titchener (1901a, 1901b) on Qualitative Experimentation |
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129 | (1) |
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Titchener (1905a, 1905b) on Quantitative Experimentation |
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130 | (1) |
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Fechner's Own Equation Expressing how Variability Can Be Determined for Response Proportions |
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131 | (1) |
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The Cumulative Gaussian Distribution |
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132 | (3) |
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The Psychometric Function |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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Other Estimations Used in Fechner's Psychophysics |
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135 | (2) |
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Estimating the Numerical Value of an "Absolute" or "Differential" Threshold |
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135 | (1) |
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Estimating the Numerical Value of the Proportion of Right Responses, (r/n) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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7 Measuring Psychological Magnitudes: II. The Quantity Objection |
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139 | (15) |
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Objections to Fechner's Psychophysics |
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139 | (10) |
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The Meaning of "Quantity Objection" |
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139 | (1) |
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Tannery's Importance in the History of the Quantity Objection |
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140 | (2) |
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Von Kries (1882) on the "Equality" of Measurement-Units |
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142 | (2) |
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Stadler (1878) on the Lack of "Homogeneity" between Stimulus and Sensation |
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144 | (4) |
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The Arbitrary Aspects of Assigning Magnitudes to Sensations |
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148 | (1) |
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Ernst Mach (1838-1916) on Why Sensations Matter in Physics |
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149 | (3) |
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149 | (1) |
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Mach's View that Sensations Precede the Mechanical Sciences |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (2) |
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8 The Power Law in Early Psychophysics |
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154 | (18) |
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A Question in Visual Psychophysics |
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154 | (1) |
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J.A.F. Plateau (1801-1883) |
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154 | (2) |
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Plateau's (1872) Experiments |
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154 | (2) |
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Hering's (1875) Criticism of Fechner's Psychophysics |
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156 | (4) |
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Hering's Experimental Contributions |
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157 | (2) |
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Hering's Thought-Experiment |
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159 | (1) |
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Delboeuf's Contributions to Psychophysics |
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160 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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Delboeuf's (1883) Ideas about Psychophysics |
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161 | (1) |
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Helmholtz on Psychophysics |
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162 | (7) |
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Delboeuf's (1873) Experiments on Psychophysics |
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163 | (6) |
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Delboeuf's Influence on Titchener |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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Appendix: The Role of the Weight of the Apparatus Itself in Determining Hering's (1875) Weber Fractions |
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171 | (1) |
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9 William James and Psychophysics |
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172 | (12) |
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What James's Principles of Psychology Said about Fechner |
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172 | (1) |
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James's Chapter 13 on "Discrimination and Comparison" |
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172 | (8) |
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The Four Sections of Chapter 13 |
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173 | (3) |
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James on Fechner's Originality |
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176 | (1) |
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An Evaluation of the Final Paragraph of Chapter 13 |
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177 | (3) |
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Late Nineteenth-Century Research on Confidence Ratings and Response Times in Psychophysics |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (5) |
Passing the Torch |
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184 | (9) |
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Plateau, Hering, Delboeuf and Later Psychophysics |
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187 | (6) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (5) |
References |
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193 | (19) |
Index |
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212 | |