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Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping 4th Revised edition [Pehme köide]

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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 488 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x177 mm, kaal: 850 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jan-2017
  • Kirjastus: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1506331033
  • ISBN-13: 9781506331034
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Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping 4th Revised editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 488 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x177 mm, kaal: 850 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jan-2017
  • Kirjastus: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1506331033
  • ISBN-13: 9781506331034
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781506331034.html
Märksõnad:

Crime Analysis With Crime Mapping, Fourth Edition provides students and practitioners with a solid foundation for understanding the conceptual nature and practice of crime analysis to assist police in preventing and reducing crime and disorder. Author Rachel Boba Santos offers an in-depth description of this emerging field, as well as guidelines and techniques for conducting crime analysis supported by evidence-based research, real world application, and recent innovations in the field. As the only introductory core text for crime analysis, this must-have resource presents readers with opportunities to apply theory, research methods, and statistics to careers that support and enhance the effectiveness of modern policing.

Arvustused

"This is an easy to read and comprehensive text, designed to provide an understanding of crime analysis and the techniques employed today by the criminal justice system. All Criminal justice can benefit from the Administrative Analysis as well.  Emphasis has been presented to understand the importance of proactively using the data generated to prevent future occurrences as well as providing information for tactical deployment and administrative interpretation of data. The text makes you a believer in crime analysis" -- Charles J. Kocher "Good balance of context, theory, and practice." -- Jonathan Allen Kringen "Good companion study site, with useful material included such as quizzes and PPT chapter summaries, as well as the link the ATAC software." -- Dr. Stephanie Bennett

Preface xv
About the Author xx
Part I: Foundations Of Crime Analysis 1(88)
Chapter 1 Crime Analysis and the Profession
3(36)
Definition of Crime Analysis
3(4)
Foundation of the Definition
3(1)
Crime Analysis Definition
4(3)
Definitions of GIS and Crime Mapping
7(1)
History of Crime Analysis
8(5)
Beginnings of Crime Analysis
9(1)
United States: 1900 to 1970
10(1)
United States: 1970 to 2000
10(3)
History of Crime Mapping
13(3)
Beginnings of Crime Mapping
13(1)
United States: 1900 to 1970
13(1)
United States: 1970 to 2000
14(2)
Research on Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping: 2000 to Present
16(4)
Crime Analysis as a Career Track
20(5)
Crime Analyst Qualifications and Job Descriptions
21(4)
Interns/Volunteers
21(1)
Crime Analysis Assistant/Technician
22(1)
Entry-Level Crime Analyst
22(1)
Experienced Crime Analyst
22(1)
Specialty Crime Analyst
23(1)
Crime Analysis Supervisor
24(1)
Embedded Criminologist
24(1)
CAU Organizational Chart
25(1)
Developing and Improving a Crime Analysis Unit
25(3)
Crime Analysis Profiles
28(4)
Challenges and the Future of Crime Analysis
32(2)
Summary Points
34(3)
Exercises
37(2)
Chapter 2 Theoretical Foundations of Crime Analysis
39(22)
Environmental Criminology
39(7)
Problem Analysis Triangle
40(3)
Rational Choice Theory
43(1)
Crime Pattern Theory
44(1)
Routine Activities Theory
45(1)
Law of Crime Concentration
46(1)
Repeat Victimization, Near Repeats, and the 80/20 Rule
47(3)
Situational Crime Prevention
50(4)
Displacement and Diffusion of Benefits
53(1)
Displacement of Crime
53(1)
Diffusion of Benefits
54(1)
Opportunity
55(1)
Summary Points
56(2)
Exercises
58(3)
Chapter 3 Evidence-Based Policing and the Role of Crime Analysis
61(28)
Research on Crime Analysis and Crime Reduction
61(24)
Standard Model of Policing
64(2)
Community Policing
66(1)
Problem-Oriented Policing
67(2)
Hot Spots Policing
69(1)
Focused Deterrence
70(1)
Disorder Policing
70(2)
Compstat
72(1)
Intelligence-Led Policing
73(1)
Predictive Policing
73(1)
Conclusions About Police Effectiveness and Crime Analysis
74(2)
Stratified Policing: Framework for Crime Analysis
76(15)
Problem Stratification
78(1)
Immediate Problems
78(1)
Short-Term Problems
79(1)
Long-Term Problems
80(3)
Stratification of Police Responsibility
83(1)
Stratification of Accountability and Evaluation
83(2)
Conclusion
85(1)
Summary Points
85(3)
Exercises
88(1)
Part II: Crime Analysis Process, Data, And Purpose 89(120)
Chapter 4 Crime Analysis Process and Application
91(20)
The Crime Analysis Process
91(6)
Collection
91(2)
Collation
93(1)
Analysis
94(1)
Data Modification Subcycle
94(1)
Dissemination
95(1)
Feedback
96(1)
Summary
96(1)
Types of Crime Analysis
97(12)
Crime Intelligence Analysis
97(3)
Tactical Crime Analysis
100(1)
Strategic Crime Analysis
101(2)
Administrative Crime Analysis
103(3)
Not Types of Crime Analysis
106(1)
Crime Mapping by Type of Analysis
107(2)
Summary Points
109(1)
Exercises
110(1)
Chapter 5 Crime Analysis Data and Technology
111(38)
Key Terms
111(7)
Data Matrix
111(1)
Database
111(1)
Geographic Data
112(1)
Tabular Data
112(1)
Secondary Data
112(1)
Primary Data
113(1)
Computer-Aided Dispatch System
113(1)
Records Management System
113(2)
Agency Management System
115(1)
Information-Sharing Platforms
115(1)
Jail Management System (JMS)
116(1)
Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS)
116(1)
National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
116(1)
Geographic Data System
117(1)
Databases Used in Crime Analysis
118(10)
Crime Incidents
118(1)
Arrests
119(2)
Calls for Service
121(2)
Traffic Crashes
123(3)
Other Databases
126(2)
Primary Data Collection
128(3)
Data Considerations
131(13)
"Reported" Activity
131(1)
Local and Federal Crime Data Standards
132(9)
Using Call for Service Data to Study Crime Problems
141(1)
Using Arrest Data to Study Crime Problems and Offenders
141(1)
Data Integrity
142(2)
Hardware and Software Considerations
144(1)
Summary Points
145(2)
Exercises
147(2)
Chapter 6 Geographic Data and Crime Mapping
149(34)
Geographic Data
149(9)
Vector Data
149(4)
Raster Data
153(1)
Projections
154(1)
Coordinate Systems
154(1)
Scale
155(1)
Getting Events on a Map
155(3)
Crime Mapping Techniques
158(21)
Types of Descriptive Crime Mapping
159(4)
Single-Symbol Mapping
159(1)
Buffers
160(1)
Graduated Mapping
160(2)
Chart Mapping
162(1)
Interactive Crime Mapping
163(1)
Methods for Descriptive Crime Mapping
163(13)
By Category
163(2)
By Statistical Classification
165(7)
By Manual Method
172(1)
Classification Guidelines and Summary
173(3)
Analytical Mapping: Density Mapping
176(3)
Summary Points
179(2)
Exercises
181(2)
Chapter 7 Crime Analysis Purpose and Audience
183(26)
Crime Analysis Purpose
183(4)
Situational Awareness
183(1)
Crime Reduction
184(1)
Contrasting the Purposes of Crime Analysis Results
184(3)
Crime Analysis Audiences
187(1)
Crime Analysis Typology
188(1)
Situational Awareness Examples
189(6)
Immediate
189(1)
Operational
189(1)
Management
189(1)
Command
190(1)
Short-Term
190(2)
Operational
192(1)
Management
192(1)
Command
192(1)
Long-Term
192(3)
Operational
193(2)
Management
195(1)
Command
195(1)
Crime Reduction Examples
195(11)
Immediate
196(2)
Operational
196(1)
Management
196(1)
Command
197(1)
Short-Term
198(5)
Operational
198(2)
Management
200(1)
Command
201(2)
Long-Term
203(8)
Operational
203(1)
Management
203(2)
Command
205(1)
Summary Points
206(1)
Exercises
207(2)
Part III: Tactical Crime Analysis 209(96)
Chapter 8 Repeat Incidents and Tactical Data Collection
211(18)
Repeat Incidents
211(4)
Repeat Incident Data
212(1)
Repeat Incident Location Report
213(1)
Summary
214(1)
Collection and Collation of Tactical Crime Analysis Data
215(11)
Crime Report Data
216(7)
Modus Operandi
218(2)
Persons Involved in the Crime
220(3)
Vehicle Involved in the Crime
223(1)
Field Information
223(3)
Summary Points
226(1)
Exercises
227(2)
Chapter 9 Pattern Identification Process
229(16)
Pattern Identification Methodology
229(9)
Types of Patterns
229(2)
Deduction and Induction
231(2)
Initial Pattern Identification
233(4)
Pattern Finalization
237(11)
Identifying the Principal Case
237(1)
Identifying Other Key Cases in the Pattern
237(1)
Identifying Additional Related Cases
237(1)
Identifying Investigative Leads
238(2)
Clearing Cases
240(1)
Conclusion
241(1)
Summary Points
241(2)
Exercises
243(2)
Chapter 10 Identifying Meaningful and Useful Patterns
245(34)
Persons Crime and Property Crime
245(3)
Potential Responses to Patterns by Police
248(5)
Persons Crime
251(1)
Property Crime
252(1)
Identifying Meaningful Patterns
253(22)
Persons Crime Pattern Key Characteristics and Examples
254(8)
Robbery Patterns
255(5)
Sexual Crime-Related Patterns
260(2)
Property Crime Pattern Key Characteristics and Examples
262(17)
Theft from Vehicle Patterns
262(4)
Vehicle Theft Patterns
266(1)
Residential Burglary Patterns
267(3)
Commercial Burglary Patterns
270(3)
Hot Product Patterns
273(2)
Conclusion
275(1)
Summary Points
276(2)
Exercises
278(1)
Chapter 11 Describing and Disseminating Known Patterns
279(26)
Describing Known Patterns
279(16)
Modus Operandi Summary
279(2)
Suspect and Vehicle Descriptions
281(1)
Time Series Analysis
281(13)
Exact Time
281(3)
Exact Day of Week
284(1)
Exact Time of Day and Day of Week
284(3)
Exact Date: Intervals Between Events
287(1)
Weighted Time Span Analysis
288(6)
Spatial Analysis of Patterns
294(1)
Pattern Bulletins
295(6)
Summary Points
301(1)
Exercises
302(3)
Part IV: Strategic Crime Analysis 305(94)
Chapter 12 Analyzing Problems, Process and Statistics
307(20)
Methodology: SARA Process
307(8)
Scanning and Identifying a Problem
308(4)
Analysis
312(2)
Research Related to the Problem
312(1)
Local Context of the Problem: Agency and Community
312(1)
Developing and Testing Hypotheses
313(1)
Response: Role of Analysis
314(1)
Assessment
314(1)
Basic Statistics Used in Crime Analysis
315(8)
Frequency
315(1)
Cross-Tabulation
316(1)
Percent
316(2)
Cross-Tabulation Percent
318(1)
Percentile
319(1)
Rate
320(1)
Mean and Standard Deviation
321(2)
Conclusion
323(1)
Summary Points
323(2)
Exercises
325(2)
Chapter 13 Analyzing Problems, Application of Techniques, Part I
327(30)
What Is the Nature of the Problem?
328(2)
How Frequently Is the Problem Occurring?
330(10)
Frequency and Percent
331(3)
Rate
334(4)
Mean and Standard Deviation
338(2)
Has the Problem Increased or Decreased?
340(7)
By Year
341(1)
By Month or Quarter
342(1)
By Week
343(1)
Percent Change
344(2)
Anticipatory Benefit
346(1)
When Is the Problem Happening?
347(5)
Seasonality
348(1)
Time of Day and Day of Week
348(4)
Summary Points
352(1)
Exercises
353(4)
Chapter 14 Analyzing Problems, Application of Techniques, Part II
357(24)
Where Is the Problem Occurring?
357(12)
Identifying and Analyzing Problem Locations
358(6)
Identifying Problem Areas
364(4)
Manual Method
365(1)
Graduated-Color Mapping
366(1)
Ellipses
367(1)
Density Mapping
368(1)
Summary of Problem Area Identification Methods
368(1)
Who Are the Victims and Does Repeat Victimization Exist?
369(2)
Who Are the Offenders and Does Repeat Offending Exist?
371(3)
Why Is the Problem Occurring?
374(3)
Summary Points
377(1)
Exercises
378(3)
Chapter 15 Strategic Crime Analysis Results and Dissemination
381(18)
Choosing Analysis Information to Disseminate
381(4)
Initial Analysis Results
381(1)
Problem Analysis Results
382(3)
Strategic Crime Analysis Products
385(9)
Types of Products
385(1)
Using Email for Dissemination
386(2)
Guidelines for Product Contents
388(2)
Guidelines for Table and Chart Contents
390(1)
Guidelines for Map Contents
391(3)
Practical Examples
394(1)
Summary Points
394(2)
Exercises
396(3)
Part V: Administrative Crime Analysis 399(30)
Chapter 16 Administrative Crime Analysis: Crime Analysis for Accountability
401(28)
Crime Reduction Accountability
402(3)
Crime Reduction Goal Development
405(3)
Crime Analysis for Weekly Action-Oriented Accountability Meetings
408(3)
Crime Analysis for Monthly Evaluation-Oriented Accountability Meetings
411(6)
Crime and Disorder Monthly Trend Charts
411(2)
Problem Comparison Chart
413(3)
Crime Pattern Trend Map
416(1)
Crime Analysis for Assessment of Agency Goals
417(8)
Performance Indicator (Output) Products
417(2)
Success Indicator (Outcome) Products
419(6)
Crime and Disorder Long-Term Trend Charts
419(1)
Crime Trend Comparison Charts
420(3)
Yearly Comparison Maps
423(2)
Summary Points
425(2)
Exercises
427(2)
Glossary 429(12)
References 441(10)
Index 451
Rachel Boba Santos is a professor at Radford University in the Department of Criminal Justice. She works with police departments and crime analysts. She conducts experimental and applied research on place-based and offender-based police crime reduction strategies, stratified policing, crime analysis, community engagement, and police use of force. Dr. Santos interests include conducting practice-based research which is implementing and evaluating evidence-based practices in the real world of criminal justice. In particular, she seeks to improve crime prevention and crime reduction efforts by police in areas such as crime analysis, problem solving, accountability, as well as leadership and organizational change. She and Dr. Roberto Santos co-created Stratified Policing which is an organizational model for systemizing proactive crime reduction strategies in police departments. Other areas of research include police/researcher partnerships, police/community collaboration, hot spot and problem-oriented policing, predictive policing, environmental criminology, crime and place, police/crime data and technology, experimental research methodology, and program evaluation.