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Criminology of Place: Street Segments and Our Understanding of the Crime Problem [Kõva köide]

(Walter E. Meyer Professor of Law and Criminal Justice, Hebrew University Faculty of Law and University of Maryland, College Park), (Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice, ), (Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice, Temple University)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 288 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 156x234x18 mm, kaal: 581 g, 24 b/w line, 4 b/w halftone, 28 color halftone
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Nov-2012
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0195369084
  • ISBN-13: 9780195369083
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 288 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 156x234x18 mm, kaal: 581 g, 24 b/w line, 4 b/w halftone, 28 color halftone
  • Ilmumisaeg: 29-Nov-2012
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0195369084
  • ISBN-13: 9780195369083
Teised raamatud teemal:
The study of crime has focused primarily on why particular people commit crime or why specific communities have higher crime levels than others. In The Criminology of Place, David Weisburd, Elizabeth Groff, and Sue-Ming Yang present a new and different way of looking at the crime problem by examining why specific streets in a city have specific crime trends over time. Based on a 16-year longitudinal study of crime in Seattle, Washington, the book focuses our attention on small units of geographic analysis-micro communities, defined as street segments. Half of all Seattle crime each year occurs on just 5-6 percent of the city's street segments, yet these crime hot spots are not concentrated in a single neighborhood and street by street variability is tremendous. Weisburd, Groff, and Yang set out to explain why.

The Criminology of Place shows how much essential information about crime is inevitably lost when we focus on larger units like neighborhoods or communities. Reorienting the study of crime by focusing on small units of geography, the authors identify a large group of possible crime risk and protective factors for street segments and an array of interventions that could be implemented to address them. The Criminology of Place is a groundbreaking book that radically alters traditional thinking about the crime problem and what we should do about it.

"This is a very important book for policy-makers, practitioners and academics. The authors carefully and systematically build their case that effective crime prevention efforts must be focused first on a small number of high crime problem places. The detail of their arguments transforms hotspot policing and prevention in the same way keyhole surgery has transformed medical care. Their case is persuasive and, above all, evidence based"
-- Peter Neyroud CBE QPM, University of Cambridge and Former Chief Constable and Chief Executive of the National Policing Improvement Agency

Arvustused

"No one in policing, probation or city government can afford not to read this book. David Weisburd and his colleagues have assembled the most comprehensive account ever of where crime happens. Ignoring what they say is like ignoring a tornado warning." -- Lawrence W. Sherman, Wolfson Professor of Criminology, Cambridge University, and Distinguished University Professor, University of Maryland, College Park. "Criminology has been invigorated by an ecological tradition that takes variation in crime across neighborhoods as its unit of analysis-not the individual. Weisburd, Groff, and Yang drill down further and examine variation in crime by street segments within neighborhoods. Enriching and extending the ecological tradition, The Criminology of Place derives new insights and provides the fullest explanation yet of how "micro places" influence the incidence of crime. The book is a welcome and important contribution to criminology with distinct policy implications." -- Robert J. Sampson, Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences, Harvard University and author of Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect "This is a very important book for policy-makers, practitioners and academics. The authors carefully and systematically build their case that effective crime prevention efforts must be focused first on a small number of high crime problem places. The detail of their arguments transforms hotspot policing and prevention in the same way keyhole surgery has transformed medical care. Their case is persuasive and, above all, evidence based." -- Peter Neyroud CBE QPM, University of Cambridge and Former Chief Constable and Chief Executive of the National Policing Improvement Agency "The Criminology of Place represents an important advance in our understanding of the nature of urban crime problems. It is very well written and comprehensive in its coverage of relevant empirical and theoretical criminological research. The book also presents new data on and empirical analyses of the nature of crime problems at places. The visually-striking color maps and graphs provide clear and easy-to-understand summaries of the authors' key research findings and arguments. This book is a must read for city managers, politicians, police executives, community leaders, and others interested in dealing with urban crime problems in a more effective way." -- Criminal Law and Criminal Justice Books

List of Tables
ix
List of Figures
xi
Acknowledgments xv
1 Introduction
3(26)
The Emergence of the Criminology of Place
6(3)
The Tight Coupling of Crime at Place
9(3)
Key Questions in the Criminology of Place
12(2)
The Focus of Our Research: Seattle, Washington
14(9)
The Street Segment as a Unit of Analysis
23(4)
What Follows
27(2)
2 Putting Crime in Its Place
29(18)
Putting Crime in Its Place
30(9)
The Importance of Examining Crime at a Micro Geographic Level
39(4)
Social Disorganization and Opportunity Theories: Recognizing the Importance of Theoretical Integration
43(2)
Conclusions
45(2)
3 Crime Concentrations and Crime Patterns at Places
47(23)
Is Crime Concentrated at Street Segments?
48(5)
Developmental Patterns of Crime at Place
53(15)
Conclusions
68(2)
4 The Importance of Street Segments in the Production of the Crime Problem
70(20)
Mapping Trajectory Patterns
71(5)
Statistical Clustering of Trajectory Patterns
76(2)
The Heterogeneity of Street Segment Patterns
78(8)
Are Street Segments of Specific Trajectory Patterns Attracted, Repulsed, or Independent?
86(2)
Conclusions
88(2)
5 Concentrations of Crime Opportunities
90(29)
Identifying Retrospective Longitudinal Data on Places
91(1)
Motivated Offenders
92(5)
Suitable Targets
97(8)
Accessibility/Urban Form
105(5)
Guardianship
110(7)
Conclusions
117(2)
6 Are Processes of Social Disorganization Relevant to the Criminology of Place?
119(27)
Structural Variables
120(15)
Intermediating Variables
135(8)
Conclusions
143(3)
7 Understanding Developmental Patterns of Crime at Street Segments
146(20)
An Overall Model for Explaining Developmental Trajectories of Crime at Place
147(3)
How Well Does Our Model Predict Variation in Crime Patterns at Street Segments?
150(4)
Which Variables Are Most Important in Identifying Serious Crime Hot Spots?
154(6)
Do Changes in Opportunity and Social Disorganization at Street Segments Impact upon Crime Waves and Crime Drops?
160(4)
Conclusions
164(2)
8 Conclusions
166(29)
The Law of Concentrations of Crime at Place
167(4)
Stability and Variability of Crime at Place
171(2)
The Importance of Studying Crime at Micro Units of Geography
173(2)
Hot Spots of Opportunity and Social Disorganization
175(4)
Hot Spots of Crime Are Predictable
179(4)
Recognizing the Tight Coupling of Crime to Place: Policy Implications
183(7)
Limitations
190(3)
Conclusions
193(2)
Appendix 1 Trajectory Analysis Model Selection and Diagnostic Statistics
195(2)
Appendix 2 Ripley's K Function
197(2)
Appendix 3 Cross-K Function
199(2)
Appendix 4 Data Collection
201(15)
Characteristics of Street Segments: Opportunity Perspectives
202(5)
Characteristics of Street Segments: Social Disorganization
207(9)
Appendix 5 Additional Statistical Models
216(7)
Notes 223(14)
References 237(28)
Proper Name Index 265(4)
Index 269
David Weisburd is Walter E. Meyer Professor of Law and Criminal Justice and Director of the Institute of Criminology of the Hebrew University Faculty of Law and Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at the University of Maryland, College Park.

Elizabeth Groff is Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Temple University.

Sue-Ming Yang is Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Georgia State University.