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Cumulative Damage of Welded Joints [Kõva köide]

(formerly TWI, UK)
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Cumulative Damage of Welded JointsSuurem pilt
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Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781855739383.html
Fatigue is a mechanism of failure which involves the formation and growth of cracks under the action of repeated stresses. Ultimately, a crack may propagate to such an extent that total fracture of the member may occur. To avoid fatigue it is essential to design the structure with inherent fatigue strength. However, fatigue strength for variable amplitude loading is not a constant material property and any calculations are necessarily built on a number of assumptions. Cumulative damage of welded joints explores the wealth of research in this important field and its implications for the design and manufacture of welded components.After an Introduction, chapter two introduces the constant amplitude database, which contains results obtained in test conditions and which forms the basis of the basic S-N curves for various types of joint. Chapter three discusses the influence of residual stresses which can have a marked effect on fatigue behaviour. Chapter four explores variable amplitude loading and the problem of how information from laboratory tests, obtained under constant amplitude conditions, can be applied to the design of structures for service conditions. This problem is further investigated in the next chapter which is devoted to two and three level load testing. Chapters six, seven and eight look at the influence that the variety of variable loading spectra can have on fatigue strength, whether narrow or wide band loading or cycles of small stress range. Taking all of this knowledge, chapter nine discusses structure designs.Cumulative damage of welded joints is a comprehensive source of invaluable information for welding engineers, supervisors, inspection personnel and designers. It will also be of great interest for academics working in the fields of structural and mechanical engineering.
Preface ix
Nomenclature xiii
1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 Background
1(2)
1.2 Characteristics of fatigue cracking
3(2)
1.3 Fatigue testing
5(3)
1.4 The S-N curve and fatigue strength
8(2)
1.5 Fracture mechanics assessment of constant amplitude fatigue behaviour
10(9)
2 The constant amplitude database
19(56)
2.1 Introduction
19(2)
2.2 Method of analysis and joint design classification
21(44)
2.3 Influence of plate thickness
65(5)
2.4 Influence of mean stress
70(5)
3 Residual stresses
75(25)
3.1 Introduction
75(1)
3.2 The formation of residual stresses
75(3)
3.3 Comparison between static and fatigue conditions
78(1)
3.4 Approximate theoretical analysis
79(4)
3.5 Tests on welded specimens under constant amplitude loading
83(12)
3.6 Prior overloading
95(5)
4 Variable amplitude loading and testing
100(25)
4.1 Introduction
100(1)
4.2 Variable amplitude loading
100(3)
4.3 Rainflow counting
103(3)
4.4 Reservoir counting
106(1)
4.5 Level-crossing counting
107(2)
4.6 Statistical interpretation of count data
109(2)
4.7 Miner's rule
111(6)
4.8 Variable amplitude fatigue testing: a brief history
117(8)
5 Tests under two and three level loading
125(22)
5.1 Introduction
125(5)
5.2 Theoretical analysis
130(4)
5.3 Fatigue tests using stress sequences with excursions of two sizes
134(1)
5.4 Influence of stress ratio and residual stresses
134(10)
5.5 Summary of findings
144(3)
6 The influence of spectrum shape and block length
147(46)
6.1 Introduction
147(1)
6.2 Fatigue tests under concave upwards spectra
148(2)
6.3 Fatigue tests under Rayleigh and Laplace loading spectra
150(21)
6.4 Tests under Weibull stress spectra
171(6)
6.5 Influence of spectrum shape and clipping ratio combined
177(3)
6.6 Influence of block length and clipping ratio combined
180(3)
6.7 Influence of block length and spectrum shape combined
183(6)
6.8 Summary
189(4)
7 The influence of narrow band, wide band and service loading
193(51)
7.1 Introduction
193(3)
7.2 Comparing loading types
196(11)
7.3 Tests under narrow band loading
207(14)
7.4 Tests under wide band loading
221(7)
7.5 Tests under service loading spectra
228(14)
7.6 Summary
242(2)
8 The influence of cycles of small stress range
244(19)
8.1 Introduction
244(3)
8.2 Block testing of low stresses
247(4)
8.3 Comparative tests on stress relieved joints
251(7)
8.4 Predicting fatigue life
258(3)
8.5 Summary
261(2)
9 Design for variable amplitude loading
263(21)
9.1 Introduction
263(2)
9.2 Testing for different types of stress
265(8)
9.3 The area rule
273(1)
9.4 Possible modifications to Miner's rule
274(1)
9.5 The fracture mechanics approach
275(9)
10 More on the fracture mechanics approach -- the effect of stress interaction
284(21)
10.1 Introduction
284(3)
10.2 Summary of experimental evidence about stress interaction effects
287(15)
10.3 Discussion
302(2)
10.4 Concluding remarks
304(1)
Appendix A Statistical analysis of constant amplitude test data 305(20)
Appendix B Fatigue loading spectra 325(31)
Appendix C Summary of test results obtained under variable amplitude loading 356(57)
Appendix D Probability density curves 413(3)
Appendix E Transformation of units in the Paris fatigue crack prorogation equation 416(2)
References and further reading 418(16)
Index 434
Dr Tim Gurney worked at TWI (formerly the British Welding Research Association) for over thirty years, during which time his primary interest was in the fatigue of welded structures. He has written or co-authored over fifty papers throughout his career.