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Cyanobacteria Biotechnology [Kõva köide]

Series edited by (Massachusetts Institute of Technologie, USA), Edited by , Series edited by (Center for Microbial Biotechnology), Series edited by (KAIST,Daejon,Republik Korea)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 560 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 249x175x33 mm, kaal: 1225 g
  • Sari: Advanced Biotechnology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-May-2021
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527347143
  • ISBN-13: 9783527347148
Teised raamatud teemal:
Cyanobacteria BiotechnologySuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 560 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 249x175x33 mm, kaal: 1225 g
  • Sari: Advanced Biotechnology
  • Ilmumisaeg: 05-May-2021
  • Kirjastus: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527347143
  • ISBN-13: 9783527347148
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9783527347148.html

Unites a biological and a biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria, and includes the industrial aspects and applications of cyanobacteria  

Cyanobacteria Biotechnology offers a guide to the interesting and useful features of cyanobacteria metabolism that keeps true to a biotechnology vision. In one volume the book brings together both biology and biotechnology to illuminate the core acpects and principles of cyanobacteria metabolism.  

Designed to offer a practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria, the book contains relevant examples of how this metabolic "module" is currently being engineered and how it could be engineered in the future. The author includes information on the requirements and real-world experiences of the industrial applications of cyanobacteria. This important book: 

  • Brings together biology and biotechnology in order to gain insight into the industrial relevant topic of cyanobacteria 
  • Introduces the key aspects of the metabolism of cyanobacteria 
  • Presents a grounded, practical approach to the metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria 
  • Offers an analysis of the requirements and experiences for industrial cyanobacteria  
  • Provides a framework for readers to design their own processes 

Written for biotechnologists, microbiologists, biologists, biochemists, Cyanobacteria Biotechnology provides a systematic and clear volume that brings together the biological and biotechnological perspective on cyanobacteria. 

Foreword: Cyanobacteria Biotechnology xv
Acknowledgments xviii
Part I Core Cyanobacteria Processes
1(88)
1 Inorganic Carbon Assimilation In Cyanobacteria: Mechanisms, Regulation, And Engineering
3(30)
Martin Hagemann
Shanshan Song
Eva-Maria Brouwer
1.1 Introduction -- The Need for a Carbon-Concentrating Mechanism
3(1)
1.2 The Carbon-Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) Among Cyanobacteria
4(6)
1.2.1 Ci Uptake Proteins/Mechanisms
5(3)
1.2.2 Carboxysome and RubisCO
8(2)
1.3 Regulation of Ci Assimilation
10(6)
1.3.1 Regulation of the CCM
10(3)
1.3.2 Further Regulation of Carbon Assimilation
13(1)
1.3.3 Metabolic Changes and Regulation During Ci Acclimation
14(1)
1.3.4 Redox Regulation of Ci Assimilation
15(1)
1.4 Engineering the Cyanobacterial CCM
16(1)
1.5 Photorespiration
17(3)
1.5.1 Cyanobacterial Photorespiration
17(2)
1.5.2 Attempts to Engineer Photorespiration
19(1)
1.6 Concluding Remarks
20(13)
Acknowledgments
21(1)
References
21(12)
2 Electron Transport In Cyanobacteria And Its Potential In Bioproduction
33(32)
David J. Lea-Smith
Guy T. Hanke
2.1 Introduction
33(1)
2.2 Electron Transport in a Bioenergetic Membrane
34(4)
2.2.1 Linear Electron Transport
34(3)
2.2.2 Cyclic Electron Transport
37(1)
2.2.3 ATP Production from Linear and Cyclic Electron Transport
37(1)
2.3 Respiratory Electron Transport
38(3)
2.4 Role of Electron Sinks in Photoprotection
41(4)
2.4.1 Terminal Oxidases
41(1)
2.4.2 Hydrogenase and Flavodiiron Complexes
41(2)
2.4.3 Carbon Fixation and Photorespiration
43(1)
2.4.4 Extracellular Electron Export
44(1)
2.5 Regulating Electron Flux into Different Pathways
45(2)
2.5.1 Electron Flux Through the Plastoquinone Pool
45(1)
2.5.2 Electron Flux Through Fdx
46(1)
2.6 Spatial Organization of Electron Transport Complexes
47(1)
2.7 Manipulating Electron Transport for Synthetic Biology Applications
48(3)
2.7.1 Improving Growth of Cyanobacteria
49(1)
2.7.2 Production of Electrical Power in BPVs
49(1)
2.7.3 Hydrogen Production
50(1)
2.7.4 Production of Industrial Compounds
50(1)
2.8 Future Challenges in Cyansbacterial Electron Transport
51(14)
References
52(13)
3 Optimizing The Spectral Fit Between Cyanobacteria And Solar Radiation In The Light Of Sustainability Applications
65(24)
Klaas J. Hellingwerf
Que Chen
Filipe Branco Dos Santos
3.1 Introduction
65(2)
3.2 Molecular Basis and Efficiency of Oxygenic Photosynthesis
67(5)
3.3 Fit Between the Spectrum of Solar Radiation and the Action Spectrum of Photosynthesis
72(2)
3.4 Expansion of the PAR Region of Oxygenic Photosynthesis
74(5)
3.5 Modulation and Optimization of the Transparency of Photobioreactors
79(2)
3.6 Full Control of the Light Regime: LEDs Inside the PBR
81(1)
3.7 Conclusions and Prospects
82(7)
References
83(6)
Part II Concepts in Metabolic Engineering
89(318)
4 What We Can Learn From Measuring Metabolic Fluxes In Cyanobacteria
91(32)
Xiang Gao
Chao Wu
Michael Cantrell
Melissa Cano
Jianping Yu
Wei Xiong
4.1 Central Carbon Metabolism in Cyanobacteria: An Overview and Renewed Pathway Knowledge
91(4)
4.1.1 Glycolytic Routes Interwoven with the Calvin Cycle
91(3)
4.1.2 Tricarboxylic Acid Cycling
94(1)
4.2 Methodologies for Predicting and Quantifying Metabolic Fluxes in Cyanobacteria
95(6)
4.2.1 Flux Balance Analysis and Genome-Scale Reconstruction of Metabolic Network
95(1)
4.2.2 13C-Metabolic Flux Analysis
96(3)
4.2.3 Thermodynamic Analysis and Kinetics Analysis
99(2)
4.3 Cyanobacteria Fluxome in Response to Altered Nutrient Modes and Environmental Conditions
101(7)
4.3.1 Autotrophic Fluxome
101(3)
4.3.2 Photomixotrophic Fluxome
104(1)
4.3.3 Heterotrophic Fluxome
105(1)
4.3.4 Photoheterotrophic Fluxome
105(1)
4.3.5 Diurnal Metabolite Oscillations
106(1)
4.3.6 Nutrient States' Impact on Metabolic Flux
107(1)
4.4 Metabolic Fluxes Redirected in Cyanobacteria for Biomanufacturing Purposes
108(4)
4.4.1 Restructuring the TCA Cycle for Ethylene Production
108(1)
4.4.2 Maximizing Flux in the Isoprenoid Pathway
109(1)
4.4.2.1 Measuring Precursor Pool Size to Evaluate Potential Driving Forces for Isoprenoid Production
109(1)
4.4.2.2 Balancing Intermediates for Increased Pathway Activity
110(1)
4.4.2.3 Kinetic Flux Profiling to Detect Bottlenecks in the Pathway
111(1)
4.5 Synopsis and Future Directions
112(11)
Acknowledgments
112(1)
References
112(11)
5 Synthetic Biology In Cyanobacteria And Applications For Biotechnology
123(48)
Elton P. Hudson
5.1 Introduction
123(1)
5.2 Getting Genes into Cyanobacteria
123(6)
5.2.1 Transformation
123(2)
5.2.2 Expression from Episomal Plasmids
125(2)
5.2.3 Delivery of Genes to the Chromosome
127(2)
5.3 Basic Synthetic Control of Gene Expression in Cyanobacteria
129(14)
5.3.1 Quantifying Transcription and Translation in Cyanobacteria
130(4)
5.3.2 Controlling Transcription with Synthetic Promoters
134(2)
5.3.2.1 Constitutive Promoters
136(1)
5.3.2.2 Regulated Promoters that Are Sensitive to Added Compounds (Inducible)
137(2)
5.3.2.3 CRISPR Interference for Transcriptional Repression
139(2)
5.3.3 Controlling Translation
141(1)
5.3.3.1 Ribosome Binding Sites (Cis-Acting)
141(1)
5.3.3.2 Riboswitches (Cis-Acting)
142(1)
5.3.3.3 Small RNAs (Trans-Acting)
143(1)
5.4 Exotic Signals for Controlling Expression
143(5)
5.4.1 Oxygen
144(1)
5.4.2 Light Color
144(1)
5.4.3 Cell Density or Growth Phase
145(2)
5.4.4 Engineering Regulators for Altered Sensing Properties: State of the Art
147(1)
5.5 Advanced Regulation: The Near Future
148(9)
5.5.1 Logic Gates and Timing Circuits
148(3)
5.5.2 Orthogonal Transcription Systems
151(1)
5.5.3 Synthetic Biology Solutions to Increase Stability
152(2)
5.5.4 Synthetic Biology Solutions for Cell Separation and Product Recovery
154(3)
5.6 Conclusions
157(14)
Acknowledgments
158(1)
References
158(13)
6 Sink Engineering In Photosynthetic Microbes
171(40)
Maria Santos-Merino
Amit K. Singh
Daniel C. Ducat
6.1 Introduction
171(1)
6.2 Source and Sink
172(5)
6.3 Regulation of Sink Energy in Plants
177(14)
6.3.1 Sucrose and Other Signaling Carbohydrates
178(1)
6.3.2 Hexokinases
179(1)
6.3.3 Sucrose Non-fermenting Related Kinases
180(1)
6.3.4 TOR Kinase
181(1)
6.3.5 Engineered Pathways as Sinks in Photosynthetic Microbes
182(1)
6.3.6 Sucrose
183(4)
6.3.7 2,3-Butanediol
187(1)
6.3.8 Ethylene
187(1)
6.3.9 Glycerol
188(1)
6.3.10 Isobutanol
188(1)
6.3.11 Isoprene
189(1)
6.3.12 Limonene
189(1)
6.3.13 P450, an Electron Sink
190(1)
6.4 What Are Key Source/Sink Regulatory Hubs in Photosynthetic Microbes?
191(3)
6.5 Concluding Remarks
194(17)
Acknowledgment
195(1)
References
195(16)
7 Design Principles For Engineering Metabolic Pathways In Cyanobacteria
211(26)
Jason T. Ku
Ethan I. Lan
7.1 Introduction
211(1)
7.2 Cofactor Optimization
212(7)
7.2.1 Recruiting NADPH-Dependent Enzymes Wherever Possible
215(2)
7.2.2 Engineering NADH-Specific Enzymes to Utilize NADPH
217(1)
7.2.3 Increasing NADH Pool in Cyanobacteria Through Expression of Transhydrogenase
218(1)
7.3 Incorporation of Thermodynamic Driving Force into Metabolic Pathway Design
219(6)
7.3.1 ATP Driving Force in Metabolic Pathways
220(2)
7.3.2 Increasing Substrate Pool Supports the Carbon Flux Toward Products
222(1)
7.3.3 Product Removal Unblocks the Limitations of Product Titer
223(2)
7.4 Development of Synthetic Pathways for Carbon Conserving Photorespiration and Enhanced Carbon Fixation
225(4)
7.5 Summary and Future Perspective on Cyanobacterial Metabolic Engineering
229(8)
References
229(8)
8 Engineering Cyanobacteria For Efficient Photosynthetic Production: Ethanol Case Study
237(30)
Guodong Luan
Xuefeng Lu
8.1 Introduction
237(1)
8.2 Pathway for Ethanol Synthesis in Cyanobacteria
238(4)
8.2.1 Pyruvate Decarboxylase and Type II Alcohol Dehydrogenase
238(2)
8.2.2 Selection of Better Enzymes in the Pdc--AdhII Pathway
240(1)
8.2.3 Systematic Characterization of the PdcZM--Slr1192 Pathway
241(1)
8.3 Selection of Optimal Cyanobacteria "Chassis," Strain for Ethanol Production
242(4)
8.3.1 Synechococcus PCC 6803 and Synechococcus PCC 7942
243(2)
8.3.2 Synechococcus PCC 7002
245(1)
8.3.3 Anabaena PCC 7120
245(1)
8.3.4 Nonconventional Cyanobacteria Species
246(1)
8.4 Metabolic Engineering Strategies Toward More Efficient and Stable Ethanol Production
246(7)
8.4.1 Enhancing the Carbon Flux via Overexpression of Calvin Cycle Enzymes
248(1)
8.4.2 Blocking Pathways that Are Competitive to Ethanol
248(1)
8.4.3 Arresting Biomass Formation
249(1)
8.4.4 Engineering Cofactor Supply
249(1)
8.4.5 Engineering Strategies Guided by In Silico Simulation
250(1)
8.4.6 Stabilizing Ethanol Synthesis Capacity in Cyanobacterial Cell Factories
251(2)
8.5 Exploring the Response in Cyanobacteria to Ethanol
253(3)
8.5.1 Response of Cyanobacterial Cells Toward Exogenous Added Ethanol
254(1)
8.5.2 Response of Cyanobacteria to Endogenous Synthesized Ethanol
255(1)
8.6 Metabolic Engineering Strategies to Facilitate Robust Cultivation Against Biocontaminants
256(2)
8.6.1 Engineering Cyanobacteria Cell Factories to Adapt for Selective Environmental Stresses
256(2)
8.6.2 Engineering Cyanobacteria Cell Factories to Utilize Uncommon Nutrients
258(1)
8.7 Conclusions and Perspectives
258(9)
References
259(8)
9 Engineering Cyanobacteria As Host Organisms For Production Of Terpenes And Terpenoids
267(34)
Joao S. Rodrigues
Pia Lindberg
9.1 Terpenoids and Industrial Applications
267(3)
9.2 Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Cyanobacteria
270(4)
9.2.1 Methylerythritol-4-Phosphate Pathway
270(2)
9.2.2 Formation of Terpene Backbones
272(2)
9.3 Natural Occurrence and Physiological Roles of Terpenes and Terpenoids in Cyanobacteria
274(1)
9.4 Engineering Cyanobacteria for Terpenoid Production
275(17)
9.4.1 Metabolic Engineering
277(1)
9.4.1.1 Terpene Synthases
277(8)
9.4.1.2 Increasing Supply of Terpene Backbones
285(1)
9.4.1.3 Engineering the Native MEP Pathway
286(1)
9.4.1.4 Implementing the MVA Pathway
287(1)
9.4.1.5 Enhancing Precursor Supply
288(1)
9.4.2 Optimizing Growth Conditions for Production
289(2)
9.4.3 Product Capture and Harvesting
291(1)
9.5 Summary and Outlook
292(9)
Acknowledgments
293(1)
References
293(8)
10 Cyanobacterial Biopolymers
301(30)
Moritz Koch
Karl Forchhammer
10.1 Polyhydroxybutryate
301(10)
10.1.1 Introduction
301(1)
10.1.2 PHB Metabolism in Cyanobacteria
302(3)
10.1.3 Industrial Applications of PHB
305(1)
10.1.3.1 Physical Properties of PHB and Its Derivatives
305(1)
10.1.3.2 Biodegradability
306(1)
10.1.3.3 Application of PHB as a Plastic
306(1)
10.1.3.4 Reactor Types
306(1)
10.1.3.5 Production Process
307(1)
10.1.3.6 Downstream Processing
308(1)
10.1.4 Metabolic Engineering of PHB Biosynthesis
308(2)
10.1.5 Limitations and Potential of PHB Production in Cyanobacteria
310(1)
10.2 Cyanophycin Granules in Cyanobacteria
311(20)
10.2.1 Biology of Cyanophycin
311(4)
10.2.2 Genes and Enzymes of CGP Metabolism
315(1)
10.2.2.1 Cyanophycin Synthetase
315(1)
10.2.2.2 Cyanophycin Degrading Enzymes
316(1)
10.2.3 Regulation of Cyanophycin Metabolism
317(1)
10.2.4 Cyanophycin Overproduction and Potential Industrial Applications
318(1)
Acknowledgement
319(1)
References
319(12)
11 Biosynthesis Of Fatty Acid Derivatives By Cyanobacteria: From Basics To Biofuel Production
331(38)
Akihito Kawahara
Yukako Hihara
11.1 Introduction
331(1)
11.2 Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism
332(5)
11.2.1 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
332(3)
11.2.2 Fatty Acid Degradation and Turnover
335(1)
11.2.3 Accumulation of Storage Lipids
336(1)
11.3 Basic Technologies for Production of Free Fatty Acids
337(2)
11.3.1 Production of Free Fatty Acids in E. coli
337(1)
11.3.2 Production of Free Fatty Acids in Cyanobacteria
338(1)
11.4 Advanced Technologies for Enhancement of Free Fatty Acid Production
339(12)
11.4.1 Enhancement of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
339(6)
11.4.2 Enhancement of Carbon Fixation Activity
345(1)
11.4.3 Engineering of Carbon Flow: Modification of Key Regulatory Factors
345(1)
11.4.4 Engineering of Carbon Flow: Deletion of Competitive Pathways
346(1)
11.4.5 Mitigation of the Toxicity of FFAs
347(1)
11.4.6 Enhancement of FFA Secretion
348(1)
11.4.7 Induction of Cell Lysis
349(1)
11.4.8 Recovery of Produced FFAs from Medium
350(1)
11.4.9 Identification of Cyanobacterial Strains Suitable for FFA Production
350(1)
11.5 Hydrocarbon Production in Cyanobacteria
351(2)
11.6 Advanced Technologies for Enhancement of Hydrocarbon Production
353(2)
11.6.1 Enhancement of Alk(a/e)ne Biosynthesis
353(1)
11.6.2 Improvement of the Performance of Alkane Biosynthetic Enzymes
354(1)
11.7 Basic Technologies for Production of Fatty Alcohols
355(1)
11.8 Advanced Technologies for Enhancement of Fatty Alcohol Production
355(1)
11.9 Basic Technologies for Production of Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters
356(1)
11.10 Perspectives
357(12)
References
358(11)
12 Product Export In Cyanobacteria
369(38)
Catia F. Goncalves
Steeve Lima
Paulo Oliveira
12.1 Introduction
369(4)
12.2 Secretion Mediated by Membrane-Embedded Systems
373(13)
12.2.1 Proteins
373(4)
12.2.2 Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)
377(2)
12.2.3 Soluble Sugars and Organic Acids
379(2)
12.2.4 Fatty Acids
381(1)
12.2.5 Alcohols
382(2)
12.2.6 Terpenes
384(2)
12.3 MV-Mediated Secretion
386(5)
12.3.1 Structure and Biogenesis of Bacterial MVs
386(2)
12.3.1.1 Cyanobacterial MVs
388(1)
12.3.2 MVs as Novel Biotechnological Tools
389(2)
12.4 Concluding Remarks
391(16)
Acknowledgments
392(1)
References
392(15)
Part III Frontiers of Cyanobacteria Biotechnology
407(124)
13 Harnessing Solar-Powered Oxic N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria For The Bionitrogen Economy
409(32)
James Young
Liping Gu
William Gibbons
Ruanbao Zhou
13.1 Introduction
409(1)
13.2 Physiology and Implications of Oxic Nitrogen Fixation
410(7)
13.2.1 Ecological Range
411(1)
13.2.2 Balancing Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Fixation
412(1)
13.2.3 Energetic Demands and How the Cells Adapt
412(4)
13.2.4 Impacts of Continuous Light vs Dark--Light Cycles
416(1)
13.3 Major Biotechnology Applications for Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria
417(11)
13.3.1 General Economic and Environmental Considerations of Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria
417(3)
13.3.2 Metabolic Engineering of N2-Fixing Cyanobacteria for Carbon Compound Production
420(1)
13.3.2.1 Direct Production of Biofuels
420(1)
13.3.2.2 Cyanobacteria as a Fermentable Substrate
420(2)
13.3.3 Metabolic Engineering of Nitrogen Fixing Cyanobacteria for Nitrogen-Rich Compound Production
422(1)
13.3.3.1 Ammonia
422(1)
13.3.3.2 Guanidine
423(1)
13.3.3.3 Cyanophycin
423(1)
13.3.3.4 Amino Acids and Proteins
423(2)
13.3.4 Application of Diazotrophic Cyanobacteria in Agriculture
425(3)
13.4 Conclusions
428(13)
References
428(13)
14 Traits Of Fast-Growing Cyanobacteria
441(36)
Meghna Srivastava
Elton P. Hudson
Pramod P. Wangikar
14.1 Introduction
441(1)
14.2 Why Is Growth Rate Significant?
442(4)
14.3 An Overview of Factors Affecting the Growth Rates of Cyanobacteria
446(9)
14.3.1 Light Intensity and Quality
448(3)
14.3.2 Mixotrophic Growth
451(1)
14.3.3 Circadian Rhythm
451(1)
14.3.4 Additional Factors Relating to Growth Rates in Cyanobacteria
452(1)
14.3.4.1 Cell Morphology
453(1)
14.3.4.2 Genome Size
453(1)
14.3.4.3 Saltwater Tolerance
454(1)
14.3.4.4 Nutrient Supplementation
454(1)
14.3.5 Carbon Storage
455(1)
14.4 Overview of the Fast-Growing Model Cyanobacteria
455(3)
14.4.1 Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973
455(1)
14.4.2 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11801
456(1)
14.4.3 Synechococcus sp. PCC 11901
456(1)
14.4.4 Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002
457(1)
14.5 Relationship Between Light Usage and Growth Rate in Model Strains
458(2)
14.5.1 Case Study: The pmgA Mutant of Synechocystis
458(2)
14.5.2 Case Study: The S. elongatus 7942 and S. elongatus 2973 Strains
460(1)
14.6 Molecular Determinants of Fast Growth of S. elongatus UTEX 2973
460(3)
14.7 Carbon Fluxes in Fast-Growing Strains Determined Using Metabolic Flux Analysis
463(2)
14.8 Engineering Cyanobacteria for Fast Growth
465(3)
14.8.1 Calvin Cycle Enzymes
465(1)
14.8.2 PEP Carboxylase
466(1)
14.8.3 Carbon and Light Uptake Proteins
467(1)
14.9 Conclusion
468(9)
References
468(9)
15 Cyanobacteria! Biofilms In Natural And Synthetic Environments
477(28)
Christian David
Rohan Karande
Katja Buhler
15.1 Motivation
477(1)
15.2 Introduction to Biofilms: Biology and Applications
478(5)
15.3 Cyanobacteria in Natural Biofilms and Microbial Mats
483(1)
15.4 Introduction to (Photo-)biotechnology
484(3)
15.5 Benefits of Microscale Systems for (Photo-)biofilm Cultivation
487(1)
15.6 Oxygen Accumulation and Its Impacts
488(3)
15.7 Resource Management in Biofilms
491(2)
15.8 Applications of Photosynthetic Biofilms
493(6)
15.8.1 Biofilms Enable High Cell Densities
497(1)
15.8.2 Biofilms Enable Continuous Production
498(1)
15.9 Outlook
499(6)
References
499(6)
16 Growth Of Photosynthetic Microorganisms In Different Photobioreactors Operated Outdoors
505(26)
Eleftherios Touloupakis
Pietro Carlozzi
16.1 Background
505(8)
16.1.1 Photobiological Hydrogen Production
506(2)
16.1.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Photosynthetic Microbes
508(1)
16.1.3 Photobioreactors
509(4)
16.2 Case Studies of Outdoor Cultivations of Photosynthetic Microorganisms
513(4)
16.2.1 Outdoor Cultures of Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria for H2 and PHB Production
513(3)
16.2.2 Outdoor Cultures of Cyanobacteria
516(1)
16.3 Conclusion
517(14)
Acknowledgments
519(1)
References
519(12)
Index 531
Paul Hudson is an Associate Professor (2018) of Metabolic Engineering in the School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm Sweden. He has a Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from U.C. Berkeley (2009). He has published 26 research papers in the fields of protein science, microbial metabolic engineering, and systems biology. The main focus of his research is on systems and synthetic biology of cyanobacteria.