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Damage to Concrete Structures [Pehme köide]

1.00/5 (1 hinnangut Goodreads-ist)
(Ghent University, Belgium)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 210 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 310 g, 10 Tables, black and white; 50 Line drawings, black and white; 50 Halftones, black and white; 108 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Sep-2012
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415603889
  • ISBN-13: 9780415603881
Teised raamatud teemal:
Damage to Concrete StructuresSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 210 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 310 g, 10 Tables, black and white; 50 Line drawings, black and white; 50 Halftones, black and white; 108 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-Sep-2012
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415603889
  • ISBN-13: 9780415603881
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780415603881.html
Märksõnad:
"Unlike the more specialist books which deal with diagnosis techniques or non-destructive testing, with repair and strengthening of concrete structures or with specific degradation mechanisms such as sulfate attack or alkali-silica reaction, this book describes and explains the different types of damage to concrete structures comprehensively. It is written as a textbook for undergraduate and masters students, and is also helpful to practitioners such as design engineers, architects or consultants"--

De Schutter (structural engineering, Ghent U., Belgium) explains how damage can occur to concrete structures, arranging the chapter to reflect the timing of the actions leading to damage. Damage can occur due to inappropriate design, errors during execution, some mechanisms occurring during hardening of the concrete, or actions or degradation mechanisms during the service life of hardened concrete. He describes the different actions or mechanisms in a fundamental way without too many physical or chemical details, and illustrates the damage with many drawings and photographs. The information could be useful to anyone who builds with or designs for concrete, formulates concrete, or studies chemical and physical processes. Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Serious degradation mechanisms can severely reduce the service life of concrete structures: steel reinforcement can corrode, cement matrix can be attacked, and even aggregates can show detrimental processes. Therefore, it is important to understand how damage can occur to concrete structures and to appreciate the timing of the actions leading to damage. Damage to Concrete Structures summarizes the state-of-the-art information on the degradation of concrete structures, and gives a clear and comprehensive overview of what can go wrong.

Offering a logical flow, the chapters are ordered according to the chronological timing of the actions leading to concrete damage. The author explains the different actions or mechanisms in a fundamental manner, without too many physical or chemical details, to provide greater clarity and readability. The book describes the different causes of damage to concrete, including inappropriate design, errors during execution, mechanisms occurring during hardening of concrete, and actions or degradation mechanisms during service life (hardened concrete).

The degradation mechanisms are illustrated with numerous real-world examples and many drawings and photographs taken of actual structures. Written as a textbook for students as well as a reference for professionals, this easy-to-comprehend book gives readers a deeper understanding of the damage that can occur to concrete during the construction process and service.

Arvustused

"The book is a good overview to the topic area and well suited as an introductory level reference." Ronald G. Burg, P.E., American Concrete Institute

"... very interesting and comprehensive for under- and post-graduate students, researchers, designers, consultants and practitioners in the concrete industry." Mohammed Sonebi, SPACE, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK

"Not only is Damage to Concrete Structures up to date with its coverage of the topic, it is also unique in that it addresses a wide range of subjects that influence the performance of concrete structures in service. As a result, it encompasses many aspects of concrete construction beyond the typical materials and structural design courses taught in universities, including informative material that is rarely detailed in textbooksespecially the chapters on Inappropriate Design and Errors during Casting. It should therefore be a valuable resource for students as they need to be knowledgeable in all the important issues that can affect the successful achievement of concrete structures that will be durable and therefore more sustainable." From the Foreword by Professor R. Douglas Hooton, NSERC/CAC Industrial Research Chair in Concrete Durability and Sustainability, University of Toronto, Canada

Foreword xiii
Endorsement xv
Preface xvii
About the Author xix
1 Durability and service life
1(28)
1.1 Introduction
1(3)
1.2 Durability and service life
4(3)
1.3 Strategies and cost
7(2)
1.4 Durable concrete
9(8)
1.4.1 Fundamental background of concrete durability
9(2)
1.4.2 Water/cement ratio
11(1)
1.4.3 Cement content
12(1)
1.4.4 Cement type
13(1)
1.4.5 Strength
13(1)
1.4.6 Casting and curing
14(3)
1.5 Practical durability approach
17(6)
1.5.1 Typical code provisions
17(3)
1.5.2 Some critical reflection on typical code provisions
20(1)
1.5.3 Equivalent concrete performance concept (ECPC
21(1)
1.5.4 Durability indicators
22(1)
1.6 More advanced durability design
23(6)
References
27(2)
2 Inappropriate design
29(16)
2.1 Introduction
29(1)
2.2 Inappropriate dimensions and detailing
30(6)
2.2.1 Collapse of the Melle Bridge, Belgium, 1991
31(2)
2.2.2 Sinking of the Sleipner A offshore platform, Norway, 1991
33(1)
2.2.3 Collapse of a 13-storey apartment building in Shanghai, China 2009
34(2)
2.3 Wrong estimation of loading
36(3)
2.3.1 Roof collapses due to snow loading in Belgium, winter 2010-2011
36(1)
2.3.2 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, Japan, March 11, 2011
37(1)
2.3.3 Collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Suspension Bridge, USA, 7November 1940
37(1)
2.3.4 Hyatt Regency walkway collapse, Kansas City, USA, 17 July 1981
38(1)
2.3.5 Thermal loading on thin marble facade cladding, Grande Arcke, Paris
39(1)
2.4 Inappropriate estimation of creep effects
39(2)
2.5 Inappropriate mix design
41(4)
2.5.1 Inappropriate selection of concrete type
41(1)
2.5.2 Bad mix design
42(1)
References
43(2)
3 Errors during casting
45(24)
3.1 Introduction
45(1)
3.2 Errors during proportioning
45(3)
3.2.1 Wrongly proportioned accelerator
47(1)
3.2.2 Wrongly proportioned plasticizer
47(1)
3.3 Inappropriate mixing
48(1)
3.4 Aggressive substances within the mix
48(4)
3.4.1 Sulfates
49(1)
3.4.2 Chlorides
50(1)
3.4.3 Alkalis and potentially reactive aggregates
50(1)
3.4.4 Free lime
50(1)
3.4.5 Swelling aggregates
51(1)
3.5 Wrong placement of reinforcement
52(5)
3.5.1 Wrong amount of reinforcement
53(1)
3.5.2 Wrong position of reinforcement
53(1)
3.5.3 Too dense reinforcement
54(1)
3.5.4 Insufficient cover thickness
55(1)
3.5.5 Wrong position of prestressing cables
55(2)
3.6 Bad compaction and other problems during casting
57(3)
3.7 Problems with formworks
60(3)
3.7.1 Insufficient strength of formworks
60(1)
3.7.2 Too flexible formworks
60(1)
3.7.3 Leaking formworks
60(1)
3.7.4 Wrong positioning of formworks
61(1)
3.7.5 Demoulding problems
62(1)
3.8 Damage in plastic stage
63(6)
3.8.1 Plastic shrinkage
63(3)
3.8.2 Plastic settlement and bleeding
66(1)
References
67(2)
4 Actions during hardening
69(30)
4.1 Introduction
69(1)
4.2 Autogenous shrinkage
70(6)
4.2.1 Mechanism
70(3)
4.2.2 Influencing parameters
73(1)
4.2.2.1 Mineral composition of cement
73(1)
4.2.2.2 Mineral additions and chemical admixtures
73(1)
4.2.2.3 Water/cement ratio
73(1)
4.2.2.4 Paste volume
74(1)
4.2.3 Mitigation
74(1)
4.2.4 Example
74(2)
4.3 Drying shrinkage
76(6)
4.3.1 Mechanism
76(2)
4.3.2 Influencing parameters
78(1)
4.3.2.1 Parameters related to the concrete composition
78(1)
4.3.2.2 Geometrical parameters
79(1)
4.3.2.3 Atmospheric parameters
79(1)
4.3.2.4 Technological parameters during execution
79(1)
4.3.3 Mitigation
80(1)
4.3.4 Example
80(2)
4.4 Thermal shrinkage
82(17)
4.4.1 Mechanism
82(1)
4.4.1.1 Early-age thermal cracking due to internal restraint
83(2)
4.4.1.2 Early-age thermal cracking due to external restraint
85(2)
4.4.1.2 Importance of evolving mechanical properties
87(3)
4.4.2 Influencing parameters
90(1)
4.4.2.1 Parameters related to the concrete composition
90(1)
4.4.2.2 Geometrical parameters
91(1)
4.4.2.3 Atmospheric parameters
91(1)
4.4.2.4 Technological parameters during execution
92(1)
4.4.3 Mitigation
92(1)
4.4.4 Example
93(2)
References
95(4)
5 Actions during service
99(86)
5.1 Mechanical actions
99(3)
5.1.1 Direct loading and impact
99(3)
5.1.2 Differential settlements
102(1)
5.2 Physical actions
102(30)
5.2.1 Frost damage
102(1)
5.2.1.1 Mechanism
102(5)
5.2.1.2 Influencing parameters
107(2)
5.2.1.3 Mitigation
109(1)
5.2.1.4 Example
109(1)
5.2.2 Frost in combination with de-icing salts (salt scaling
109(1)
5.2.2.1 Mechanism
109(3)
5.2.2.2 Influencing parameters
112(2)
5.2.2.3 Mitigation
114(1)
5.2.2.4 Example
114(1)
5.2.3 Shrinkage
114(2)
5.2.4 Erosion
116(1)
5.2.4.1 Erosion by cavitation
116(1)
5.2.4.2 Erosion by abrasion
117(1)
5.2.5 Thermal effects
118(1)
5.2.5.1 Temperature gradients
118(1)
5.2.5.2 Cryogenic conditions
119(3)
5.2.5.3 High temperature and fire
122(8)
5.2.6 Crystallisation and discolouring due to moisture movement
130(1)
5.2.7 Pop-outs
131(1)
5.3 Chemical actions
132(30)
5.3.1 Alkali silica reaction (ASR
132(1)
5.3.1.1 Mechanism
133(6)
5.3.1.2 Influencing parameters
139(2)
5.3.1.3 Mitigation
141(1)
5.3.1.4 Example
142(1)
5.3.2 Sulfate attack and delayed ettringite formation
143(2)
5.3.2.1 Chemical sulfate attack
145(6)
5.3.2.2 Physical sulfate attack
151(3)
5.3.2.3 Delayed ettringite formation (DEF
154(1)
5.3.2.4 Sea water
155(1)
5.3.3 Acid attack
156(4)
5.3.4 Biogenic sulfuric acid attack
160(2)
5.4 Reinforcement corrosion
162(23)
5.4.1 General
162(6)
5.4.2 Carhonation-induced corrosion
168(5)
5.4.3 Chloride-induced corrosion
173(6)
References
179(6)
Index 185
Geert De Schutter is a full professor at Ghent University, Belgium. He is currently conducting research in the field of concrete technology at the Magnel Laboratory for Concrete Research, Department of Structural Engineering. He has won several national and international awards including the Vreedenburgh Award in 1998 and the prestigious international RILEM Robert LHermite Medal in 2001. In 2009, he co-authored the textbook Self-Compacting Concrete. Since February 2009, Professor De Schutter has served as RILEMs director of development.