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Data Protection and Privacy, Volume 10: The Age of Intelligent Machines [Pehme köide]

Edited by (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Edited by (Vrije Universiteit Brussel), Edited by (Tilburg University, the Netherlands), Edited by (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 256 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 229x150x13 mm, kaal: 360 g
  • Sari: Computers, Privacy and Data Protection
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Apr-2020
  • Kirjastus: Hart Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 150993748X
  • ISBN-13: 9781509937486
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 256 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 229x150x13 mm, kaal: 360 g
  • Sari: Computers, Privacy and Data Protection
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Apr-2020
  • Kirjastus: Hart Publishing
  • ISBN-10: 150993748X
  • ISBN-13: 9781509937486
The subjects of Privacy and Data Protection are more relevant than ever with the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) becoming enforceable in May 2018.

This volume brings together papers that offer conceptual analyses, highlight issues, propose solutions, and discuss practices regarding privacy and data protection. It is one of the results of the tenth annual International Conference on Computers, Privacy and Data Protection, CPDP 2017, held in Brussels in January 2017.

The book explores Directive 95/46/EU and the GDPR moving from a market framing to a treaty-base games frame, the GDPR requirements regarding machine learning, the need for transparency in automated decision-making systems to warrant against wrong decisions and protect privacy, the riskrevolution in EU data protection law, data security challenges of Industry 4.0, (new) types of data introduced in the GDPR, privacy design implications of conversational agents, and reasonable expectations of data protection in Intelligent Orthoses.

This interdisciplinary book was written while the implications of the General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679 were beginning to become clear. It discusses open issues, and daring and prospective approaches. It will serve as an insightful resource for readers with an interest in computers, privacy and data protection.

Arvustused

The book provides an interesting overview of some very topical issues. -- Laura Linkomies * Privacy Laws & Business *

Muu info

New volume in the Computers, Privacy and Data Protection Series collecting a selection of papers from the 10th-anniversary CPDP Conference (2017).
Preface v
List of Contributors
xiii
1 EU Data Protection and `Treaty-base Games': When Fundamental Rights are Wearing Market-making Clothes
1(32)
Laima Janciute
I Introduction
1(4)
A The Case for this Study
1(1)
B Policy Outcomes of the Rights-based and Market-oriented Approaches
2(2)
C Political Pragmatism and the Early History of Fundamental Rights in the EU
4(1)
II Rational Choice and Historical Institutionalism
5(3)
III The CJEU: Filling the Gap, but Why and How Far? Tracing Strategic Interests of the Constitutional Court
8(5)
A The Early Challenges to the CJEU Authority
8(1)
B The Challenges to the CJEU Status Quo in the Post-Lisbon Era
9(2)
C The Member States and the CJEU's Strategic Interests
11(1)
D Parameter-setting
12(1)
IV The Charter--A Victim of Domestic Politics?
13(12)
A EU Integration in the Field of Civic Interests
13(1)
B The Charter and the Member States' Sovereignty Concerns
14(3)
V Directive 95/46/EC, GDPR, and the Market Imprint
17(1)
A `Treaty-base Games': Explaining the Market-framing of the EU First Data Protection Instrument
17(3)
B The Development of the EU Data Protection Law and the Market-framing Implications
20(5)
VI Conclusions
25(8)
References
26(7)
2 The `Risk Revolution' in EU Data Protection Law: We can't Have Our Cake and Eat it, Too
33(30)
Claudia Quelle
I Introduction
34(3)
II The Role of `Risk' in the Risk-Based Approach
37(5)
III `Risk' and the Legal Obligations in the GDPR
42(11)
A The Link between `Theory' and `Practice'
42(2)
B `Taking into Account' the Risks
44(1)
i Scalable Compliance Measures
44(1)
ii Substantive Protection against Risks
45(5)
iii The Limits to Enforcement Action against Risk-Taking
50(2)
C The Risk-Based Approach and Legal Compliance
52(1)
IV Were the Data Protection Principles and the Data Subject Rights Risk-Based to Start With?
53(10)
A Obligations which Require a Risk-Oriented Result
54(2)
B Obligations which Require a Risk-Oriented Effort
56(1)
C Obligations which Are not Risk-Oriented
56(2)
D The Discretion of Controllers vs the Control Rights of Data Subjects
58(1)
V Conclusion
59(1)
References
60(3)
3 No Privacy without Transparency
63(26)
Roger Taylor
I Introduction
63(1)
II Describing the Harms from Loss of Privacy
64(7)
A Public Perceptions of the Privacy Related Harm
65(3)
B Insecure Use and Imprecise Use of Data
68(3)
III How Does Data Protection Protect against Insecure and Imprecise Use of Data?
71(6)
A The GDPR
72(2)
B Transparency, Consent and Fair Processing
74(2)
C Privacy vs Consumer Protection
76(1)
IV Measuring the Benefits and Risks of Data-driven Automated Decision-making (Surveillance)
77(4)
A Model Surveillance System
78(1)
B Estimating the Net Benefit of a Surveillance System
79(1)
C Risks of Surveillance Systems Resulting in Net Harm
80(1)
V How Might Regulators Ensure Reliable Information about the Impact of Surveillance Systems be Generated?
81(3)
A Ownership of Data
83(1)
VI Conclusion
84(5)
References
85(4)
4 Machine Learning with Personal Data'
89(26)
Dimitra Kamarinou
Christopher Millard
Jatinder Singh
I Introduction
89(4)
II Lawfulness
93(10)
A Profiling as a Type of Processing
93(1)
i The Elements of the Profiling Process
94(3)
B The Decision and its Effects
97(2)
C Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIA)
99(2)
D Derogations from the Rule
101(1)
E Potential Consequences of Non-Compliance
102(1)
III Fairness
103(3)
IV Transparency
106(4)
V Conclusions
110(5)
References
112(3)
5 Bridging Policy, Regulation and Practice? A Techno-Legal Analysis of Three Types of Data in the GDPR
115(28)
Runshan Hu
Sophie Stalla-Bourdillon
Mu Yang
Valeria Schiavo
Vladimiro Sassone
I Introduction
115(4)
II The Three Types of Data
119(6)
A The GDPR Definitions
119(2)
i Additional Information
121(1)
ii Direct and Indirect Identifiers
122(1)
iii Data Sanitisation Techniques
123(1)
iv Contextual Controls
123(1)
B Re-Identification Risks
124(1)
III A Risk-based Analysis of the Three Types of Data
125(5)
A Local, Global and Domain Linkability
125(1)
B Anonymised Data
126(1)
C Pseudonymised Data
126(2)
D Art. 11 Data
128(2)
IV Data Sanitisation Techniques and Contextual Controls
130(10)
A Effectiveness of Data Sanitisation Techniques
130(4)
B Improving Data Utility with Contextual Controls
134(5)
C Improving Data Utility with Dynamic Sanitisation Techniques and Contextual Controls
139(1)
V Conclusion
140(3)
References
141(2)
6 Are We Prepared for the 4th Industrial Revolution? Data Protection and Data Security Challenges of Industry 4.0 in the EU Context
143(24)
Carolin Moeller
I Introduction
143(2)
II Defining IND 4.0--The Regulatory Use and Key Features of a Sui Generis Concept
145(4)
A IND 4.0 as a Regulatory Tool and as a Sui Generis Concept
145(2)
B Conceptual Features of IND 4.0
147(2)
III Data Protection Challenges of IND 4.0 and the EU Legal Context
149(10)
A Data Protection Challenges in regard to Customer Data in the IND 4.0 Context
149(6)
B Data Protection Challenges in relation to Employee Data in an IND 4.0 Context
155(4)
IV Data Security Challenges of IND 4.0 and the EU Legal Context
159(4)
V Conclusion
163(4)
References
164(3)
7 Reasonable Expectations of Data Protection in Telerehabilitation---A Legal and Anthropological Perspective on Intelligent Orthoses
167(26)
Martina Klausner
Sebastian Golla
I Introduction
167(3)
A Telerehabilitation: A Challenge for Data Protection
167(1)
B Research Context and Methods
168(1)
C Research Focus: The Orthoses Project
169(1)
II The Legal Angle: Reasonable Expectations and Privacy by Design
170(6)
A Reasonable Expectations and Privacy by Design in the GDPR
171(1)
B Gaining Legal Certainty with `Katz Content'
172(2)
C Reasonable Expectations and the Use of Intelligent Systems in Telerehabilitation
174(2)
III The Anthropological Angle: Reasonable Expectations of Minors in Brace Therapy
176(11)
A Methods and Overview of Findings
176(1)
B Analytical Framework: The Concept of `Territories of the Self (Erving Goffrnan)'
177(3)
C Discussion of Empirical Findings
180(1)
i Attitudes Regarding Data Sharing
181(1)
a) Minimization of Data Disclosure
181(1)
b) Data-Sharing as Trade-Off
181(1)
c) Impracticality of Controlling Personal Data
182(1)
d) Data-Sharing without Concern
182(1)
ii Information Preserves Concerning `Data Especially Worthy of Protection'
182(2)
iii Attitudes and Expectations of Handling Data Concerning Health
184(3)
IV Conclusion
187(6)
References
189(4)
8 Considering the Privacy Design Issues Arising from Conversation as Platform
193(20)
Ewa Luger
Gilad Rosner
I Introduction
193(3)
II Conversation as Platform
196(3)
III The Privacy Impact of Sensed Conversation; A Focus on Child-Facing Technology
199(3)
A Privacy of Child and Adult Communications
200(1)
B Privacy of Children's Play
201(1)
C Inappropriate Use
201(1)
D Introduction of Third Parties
202(1)
IV The Problem of Intelligent Systems
202(6)
A Learning, Error and the Importance of Social Context
204(1)
B Opacity, Comprehension and Informing
205(2)
C User Consent
207(1)
V Conclusions and Recommendations
208(3)
A Rethinking the Design of Consent Mechanism for Conversational Systems
209(1)
B Create New Boundary Objects and Privacy Grammars to Support User Understanding and Trust
210(1)
C Undertake Research on the Potential Increase and Normalisation of Child Surveillance
210(1)
References
211(2)
9 Concluding remarks at the 10th Computers, Privacy and Data Protection Conference: 27 January 2017
213(6)
Giovanni Buttarelli
Index 219
Ronald Leenes is Professor of Regulation by Technology at the Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society, Tilburg University. Rosamunde van Brakel is Researcher and Doctoral Candidate at the Law, Science, Technology & Society Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Serge Gutwirth is Professor of Human Rights, Comparative Law and Legal Theory and Co-Director of the Law, Science, Technology & Society Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Paul De Hert is full Professor and Co-Director of the Law, Science, Technology & Society Research Group and of the Brussel Privacy Hub, Vrije Universiteit Brussel; and Associated Professor at the Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society, Tilburg University.