| Preface |
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xi | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction: Materials and Design |
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1 | (18) |
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1.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.5 Design Tools and Materials Data |
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8 | (2) |
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1.6 Function, Material, Shape and Process |
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10 | (1) |
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1.7 Case Study: Devices to Open Corked Bottles |
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11 | (3) |
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1.8 Summary and Conclusions |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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General Texts on Design Methodology |
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15 | (1) |
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General Texts on Materials Selection in Design |
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16 | (1) |
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And on Corks and Corkscrews |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Engineering Materials and Their Properties |
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19 | (36) |
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2.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2 The Families of Engineering Materials |
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20 | (3) |
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2.3 Materials Information for Design |
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23 | (2) |
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2.4 Material Properties and Their Units |
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25 | (21) |
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2.5 Summary and Conclusions |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (8) |
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Chapter 3 Materials Property Charts |
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55 | (50) |
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3.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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56 | (1) |
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3.2 Exploring Material Properties |
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56 | (4) |
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3.3 The Material Property Charts |
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60 | (37) |
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3.4 Summary and Conclusions |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (6) |
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Chapter 4 Materials Selection - The Basics |
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105 | (40) |
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4.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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106 | (1) |
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4.2 The Selection Strategy |
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107 | (8) |
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4.3 Attribute Limits and Material Indices |
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115 | (8) |
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4.4 The Selection Procedure |
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123 | (5) |
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4.5 Computer-Aided Selection |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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4.7 Summary and Conclusions |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (13) |
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Chapter 5 Materials Selection - Case Studies |
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145 | (70) |
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5.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (3) |
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5.3 Mirrors for Large Telescopes |
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149 | (5) |
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5.4 Materials for Table Legs |
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154 | (3) |
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5.5 Cost: Structural Materials for Buildings |
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157 | (5) |
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5.6 Materials for Flywheels |
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162 | (4) |
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5.7 Materials for Springs |
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166 | (4) |
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5.8 Elastic Hinges and Couplings |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (3) |
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5.10 Deflection-Limited Design with Brittle Polymers |
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176 | (4) |
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5.11 Safe Pressure Vessels |
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180 | (4) |
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5.12 Stiff, High Damping Materials for Shaker Tables |
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184 | (4) |
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5.13 Insulation for Short-Term Isothermal Containers |
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188 | (3) |
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5.14 Energy-Efficient Kiln Walls |
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191 | (4) |
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5.15 Materials for Passive Solar Heating |
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195 | (3) |
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5.16 Materials to Minimize Thermal Distortion in Precision Devices |
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198 | (3) |
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5.17 Materials for Heat Exchangers |
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201 | (5) |
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5.18 Heat Sinks for Hot Microchips |
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206 | (2) |
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5.19 Materials for Radomes |
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208 | (5) |
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5.20 Summary and Conclusions |
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213 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Processes and Their Effect on Properties |
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215 | (38) |
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6.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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215 | (2) |
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6.2 Classifying Processes |
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217 | (3) |
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6.3 The Processes: Shaping, Joining, Finishing |
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220 | (15) |
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6.4 Process-Property Trajectories |
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235 | (13) |
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6.5 Summary and Conclusions |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Processes Selection and Cost |
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253 | (40) |
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7.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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253 | (1) |
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7.2 Process Selection: The Strategy |
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254 | (3) |
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7.3 Implementing the Strategy: Selection Matrices |
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257 | (5) |
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7.4 Limitations and Quality |
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262 | (13) |
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7.5 Ranking: Process Cost |
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275 | (5) |
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7.6 Computer-Aided Process Selection |
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280 | (1) |
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7.7 Summary and Conclusions |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (10) |
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Chapter 8 Multiple Constraints and Conflicting Objectives |
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293 | (30) |
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8.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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293 | (1) |
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8.2 Selection with Multiple Constraints |
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294 | (5) |
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8.3 Conflicting Objectives |
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299 | (9) |
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8.4 Summary and Conclusions |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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8.6 Appendix: Weight Factors and Fuzzy Methods |
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309 | (4) |
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313 | (10) |
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Chapter 9 Multiple Constraints and Conflicting Objectives - Case Studies |
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323 | (26) |
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9.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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323 | (1) |
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9.2 Multiple Constraints: Light Pressure Vessels |
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324 | (2) |
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9.3 Multiple Constraints: Con-Rods for High-Performance Engines |
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326 | (6) |
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9.4 Multiple Constraints: Windings for High-Field Magnets |
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332 | (3) |
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9.5 Conflicting Objectives: Table Legs Again |
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335 | (2) |
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9.6 Conflicting Objectives: Wafer-Thin Casings for Must-Have Electronics |
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337 | (4) |
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9.7 Conflicting Objectives: Cost-Effective Bumpers |
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341 | (2) |
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9.8 Conflicting Objectives: Materials for a Disk-Brake Caliper |
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343 | (4) |
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9.9 Summary and Conclusions |
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347 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Selection of Material and Shape |
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349 | (42) |
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10.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (12) |
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10.3 Limits to Shape Efficiency |
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363 | (4) |
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10.4 Exploring Material-Shape Combinations |
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367 | (2) |
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10.5 Material Indices That Include Shape |
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369 | (6) |
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10.6 Graphical Coselecting Using Indices |
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375 | (2) |
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10.7 Architectured Materials: Microscopic Shape |
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377 | (4) |
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10.8 Summary and Conclusions |
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381 | (1) |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (8) |
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Chapter 11 Material and Shape: Case Studies |
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391 | (22) |
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11.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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391 | (1) |
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11.2 Spars for Human-Powered Planes |
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392 | (4) |
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11.3 Forks for a Racing Bicycle |
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396 | (3) |
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11.4 Floor Joists: Wood, Bamboo or Steel? |
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399 | (2) |
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11.5 Table Legs Yet Again: Thin or Light? |
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401 | (2) |
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11.6 Increasing the Stiffness of Steel Sheet |
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403 | (3) |
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11.7 Shapes that Flex: Leaf and Strand Structures |
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406 | (1) |
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11.8 Ultra-Efficient Springs |
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407 | (4) |
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11.9 Summary and Conclusions |
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411 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Designing Hybrid Materials |
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413 | (56) |
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12.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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413 | (3) |
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12.2 Holes in Material-Property Space |
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416 | (1) |
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12.3 Key Concepts for Hybrid Design |
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417 | (10) |
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427 | (9) |
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12.5 Cellular Structures: Foams and Lattices |
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436 | (9) |
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12.6 Sandwich Structures and Multilayers |
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445 | (12) |
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12.7 Segmented Structures |
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457 | (1) |
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12.8 Summary and Conclusions |
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457 | (1) |
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457 | (2) |
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Hybrid Materials - General |
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457 | (2) |
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12.10 Appendix: The Stiffness and Strength for MultiLayers |
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459 | (3) |
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462 | (7) |
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Chapter 13 Hybrids: Case Studies |
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469 | (28) |
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13.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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469 | (1) |
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13.2 Designing Metal Matrix Composites |
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470 | (2) |
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13.3 Natural Fiber Composites |
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472 | (1) |
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13.4 Materials for Long-Span Power Cables |
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473 | (2) |
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13.5 Conducting Elastomers |
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475 | (2) |
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13.6 Extreme Combinations of Thermal and Electrical Conduction |
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477 | (2) |
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479 | (3) |
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13.8 Materials for Microwave-Transparent Enclosures |
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482 | (2) |
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13.9 Connectors that Don't Relax Their Grip |
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484 | (2) |
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13.10 Exploiting Anisotropy: Heat-Spreading Surfaces |
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486 | (2) |
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13.11 The Mechanical Efficiency of Natural Materials |
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488 | (9) |
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Further Reading: Natural Materials |
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495 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Materials and the Environment |
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497 | (30) |
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14.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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497 | (1) |
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14.2 The Material Life-Cycle |
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498 | (1) |
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14.3 Material and Energy-Consuming Systems |
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499 | (1) |
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14.4 The Eco-Attributes of Materials |
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500 | (5) |
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14.5 Life-Cycle Assessment, Eco-Audits and Energy Fingerprints |
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505 | (4) |
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509 | (5) |
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14.7 Case Studies: Drink Containers and Crash Barriers |
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514 | (4) |
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14.8 Summary and Conclusions |
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518 | (1) |
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519 | (1) |
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519 | (8) |
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Chapter 15 Materials and Industrial Design |
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527 | (28) |
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15.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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528 | (1) |
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15.2 The Requirements Pyramid |
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528 | (2) |
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530 | (2) |
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15.4 Using Materials and Processes to Create Product Personality |
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532 | (8) |
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15.5 Case Studies: Analysing Product Personality |
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540 | (4) |
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15.6 Summary and Conclusions |
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544 | (1) |
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545 | (1) |
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546 | (9) |
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Chapter 16 Sustainable Response to Forces for Change |
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555 | (18) |
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16.1 Introduction and Synopsis |
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555 | (2) |
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16.2 Market-Pull and Science-Push |
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557 | (5) |
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16.3 Growing Population and Wealth, and Market Saturation |
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562 | (1) |
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16.4 Product Liability and Service Provision |
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562 | (1) |
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16.5 The Information Economy, Critical Materials and Circularity |
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563 | (4) |
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16.6 Response to Forces for Change: Sustainable Development |
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567 | (3) |
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16.7 Summary and Conclusions |
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570 | (1) |
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571 | (2) |
| Appendix A Data For Engineering Materials |
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573 | (24) |
| Appendix B Useful Solutions For Standard Problems |
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597 | (36) |
| Appendix C Material Indices |
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633 | (6) |
| Index |
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639 | |