Grajewski brilliantly dissects the history and anti-Western imperative of the partnership of defiance between Russia and Iran. Meticulous research enriches this unique and incredibly timely exposition of how historical grievances were overcome by the confluence of interests. A major contribution to international affairs and the study of illiberal regimes. -- Laura Kennedy, former US ambassador to Turkmenistan and former acting governor to the International Atomic Energy Agency A deeply insightful and fascinating account charting the Russian partnership with Iran, its history and its role in shaping geopolitical developments in the Middle East, and beyond. -- Michael Kofman, Senior Fellow, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace A thorough analysis of the evolution of the RussiaIran partnership. Underpinned by historical context and detailed examination of recent geopolitical events, it provides a fresh understanding of this relationship. Compelling and well supported by evidence, Grajewskis arguments go beyond a mere descriptive account to critically assess the broader consequences of these ties. -- Hamidreza Azizi, Visiting Fellow, German Institute for International and Security Affairs A very important book. Grajewskis ability to work with both Russian and Farsi sources is especially impressive, and gives Russia and Iran greater authority than books written by other authors. -- Mark N. Katz, Professor Emeritus of Government and Politics, George Mason University