Muutke küpsiste eelistusi

Democracy and Money: Lessons for Today from Athens in Classical Times [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 320 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 453 g, 9 Tables, black and white; 12 Line drawings, black and white; 9 Halftones, black and white; 21 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Banking, Money and International Finance
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367509172
  • ISBN-13: 9780367509170
  • Formaat: Hardback, 320 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 453 g, 9 Tables, black and white; 12 Line drawings, black and white; 9 Halftones, black and white; 21 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Banking, Money and International Finance
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Jul-2020
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 0367509172
  • ISBN-13: 9780367509170
The authors of this book argue that post-war fiscal and monetary policies in the U.S. are prone to more frequent and more destabilizing domestic and international financial crises. So, in the aftermath of the one that erupted in 2008, they propose that now we are sleepwalking into another, which under the prevailing institutional circumstances could develop into a worldwide financial Armageddon.

Thinking ahead of such a calamity, this book presents for the first time a model of democratic governance with privately produced money based on the case of Athens in Classical times, and explains why, if it is conceived as a benchmark for reference and adaptation, it may provide an effective way out from the dreadful predicament that state managed fiat money holds for the stability of Western-type democracies and the international financial system.



As the U.S. today, Athens at that time reached the apex of its military, economic, political, cultural, and scientific influence in the world. But Athens triumphed through different approaches to democracy and fundamentally different fiscal and monetary policies than the U.S. Thus the readers will have the opportunity to learn about these differences and appreciate the potential they offer for confronting the challenges contemporary democracies face under the leadership of the U.S.

The book will find audiences among academics, university students, and researchers across a wide range of fields and subfields, as well as legislators, fiscal and monetary policy makers, and economic and financial consultants.

Arvustused

'The book explains how the main political institutions (mainly the Assembly of the citizens and the Council) were functioning regarding monetary matters. It explains the Athenian monetary system as a benchmark for reference and adaptation, which would provide an effective way out of the current dreadful predicament that government managed money holds for the US and the world at large.

The authors argue in favor of the imperative that representative democracy in the U.S should be transformed into digital direct democracy, i.e. go back to the form of the Athenian democracy that the American founding fathers would have wished to introduce, but has become feasible, if not inescapable, only in our times by the ongoing revolutionary advances particularly in the fronts of digital technology and cryptography.' Professor Panagiotis E. Petrakis, Department of Economics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

'Following an interdisciplinary approach, combining economics, history and political science, the authors address a variety of issues, such as: money related institutions in Classical Athens, public finance, the various coinage decrees, currency issues in ancient Greek federal states, structure and evolution of the economy (in which they show that Athens may be considered the first "modern economy"), alternatives to established central banking, examining modern issues of monetary policies and some of its failures and comparing them to Athens.

It is an interesting, challenging and well-argued book that should interest economists, political scientists, historians but also the general public.' Professor Napoleon Maravegias, School of Economics and Political Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece.

"This book is a comprehensive, useful and timely collection of what we know today of the Athenian economy, which provides challenging arguments on how we might use the wisdom thus gained for future reforms. The combination of different disciplines, the wealth of information provided, the bold policy proposals are remarkable and represent a singular achievement." Bertram Schefold, Faculty of Economics, Goethe University.

List of exhibits
xi
List of figures
xiii
List of tables
xv
Preface xvii
1 Introduction
1(16)
1.1 Deficits and debts in contemporary democracies
2(7)
1.2 Complacency and acquiescence of the central banks
9(6)
1.3 Conclusion
15(2)
2 Money-related institutions in classical Athens
17(16)
2.1 Public governance and Archai in charge of the currency
17(11)
2.1.1 Making the best of the Laurion mines
19(3)
2.1.1.1 The board of poletai (sellers)
22(1)
2.1.1.2 Mining-related tasks of Boule
23(2)
2.1.2 Minting of coins and maintaining their integrity
25(1)
2.1.2.1 The Athenian mint
25(1)
2.1.2.2 Dokimastai (testers)
26(2)
2.2 Financial intermediation in the private sector
28(3)
2.2.1 Trapezai (banks)
28(2)
2.2.2 Argyramoiboi or Kollybistai (moneychangers)
30(1)
2.2.3 Enechirodaneistai (pawnbrokers)
31(1)
2.3 Summary
31(2)
3 The system and the tenets of public finance
33(26)
3.1 A brief overview of the fiscal administration
34(14)
3.1.1 Setup of the state's financial services
35(4)
3.1.2 Sources and uses of public funds
39(1)
3.1.2.1 Public revenues
39(3)
3.1.2.2 Public expenditures
42(3)
3.1.3 Democratic control of financial magistrates
45(3)
3.2 Balancing the budget through war and peace
48(5)
3.3 Public budget and lenders of last resort
53(2)
3.4 Summary
55(4)
4 Main currency-related policies
59(22)
4.1 Economics of minting in classical times
60(4)
4.1.1 Taxing through reminting
63(1)
4.2 Regulatory framework of coinage
64(15)
4.2.1 Coinage Decree (449 BCE)
66(3)
4.2.2 The Decree of Kallias (434/433 BCE)
69(1)
4.2.3 Law of Nicophon (375/374 BCE)
70(3)
4.2.4 Currency issues in ancient Greek Federations
73(6)
4.3 Summary
79(2)
5 Structure and evolution of the economy
81(47)
5.7 The state sector
83(16)
5.1.1 Governance
83(1)
5.1.1.1 Civil service
83(3)
5.1.1.2 Defense and power posture
86(3)
5.1.1.3 Courts and law enforcement
89(1)
5.1.1.4 Financial, regulatory and other services
90(4)
5.1.2 Infrastructural and cultural facilities
94(1)
5.1.2.1 Fortifications
95(1)
5.1.2.2 Civil infrastructures
95(2)
5.1.2.3 Cultural infrastructures
97(1)
5.1.3 Social welfare
97(2)
5.2 The private sector
99(26)
5.2.1 Household production for own use and sale
100(1)
5.2.2 Trade-oriented production of goods and services
101(1)
5.2.2.1 Mining
102(1)
5.2.2.2 Handicraft and manufacturing
103(5)
5.2.2.3 Shipping
108(1)
5.2.2.4 Money and banking
109(2)
5.2.2.5 Construction
111(2)
5.2.2.6 Paideia
113(3)
5.2.2.7 Healthcare
116(1)
5.2.2.8 Other public services
117(2)
5.2.3 Distribution of goods and services
119(2)
5.2.4 Export-import trade
121(4)
5.3 Summary
125(3)
6 Money in an economy without a central bank
128(13)
6.1 Demand and supply of currency and bullion
129(3)
6.2 Demand and supply of primary deposits
132(2)
6.3 Demand and supply of bank credit
134(3)
6.4 Equilibrium in the money market
137(2)
6.5 Summary
139(2)
7 An assessment of comparative performance
141(51)
7.1 Price stability
143(10)
7.1.1 Inflation in part and in general
143(1)
7.1.1.1 Evidence regarding inflation
144(3)
7.1.1.2 The case of general inflation
147(1)
7.1.2 Relative prices and economic flexibility
148(5)
7.2 Unemployment
153(4)
7.3 Economic growth
157(6)
7.4 The interest rate
163(10)
7.4.1 Real interest rates in the United States and ancient Athens
165(1)
7.4.1.1 The interest rate in the United States in the postwar period
165(3)
7.4.1.2 The interest rate in ancient Athens
168(2)
7.4.1.3 Comparative assessment
170(1)
7.4.2 Public goods and the rate of interest
171(2)
7.5 The two currencies from an international perspective
173(14)
7.5.1 The U.S. dollar in the postwar period
173(1)
7.5.1.1 From fixed exchange rates to freely floating fiat currencies
174(3)
7.5.1.2 Foreign trade policies
177(3)
7.5.2 The drachma in classical times
180(1)
7.5.2.1 State commitment to no debasement
181(1)
7.5.2.2 Safeguarding the integrity of the drachma through democratically controlled institutions
182(1)
7.5.2.3 Market determined exchange rates
183(2)
7.5.2.4 Foreign trade policies
185(2)
7.6 Summary
187(5)
8 Alternatives to common central banking
192(32)
8.1 Central bank as the fourth power of the state
194(4)
8.2 Currency and credit based on free banking
198(7)
8.2.1 An adaptation of the White-Selgin (WS) model of Scottish free banking
199(6)
8.3 Attic drachma: private currency with state standards
205(5)
8.4 On the evolving prospects of electronic money
210(5)
8.5 Clues for money from classical Athens
215(3)
8.5.1 Central bank with nonconvertible paper currency
215(1)
8.5.2 Free banking with commodity-based currencies: the Athenian vs. the Scottish model
216(1)
8.5.3 Free banking with digital currencies
217(1)
8.6 Concluding assessments
218(2)
8.7 Appendix: on the inversion of Gresham's law in classical Athens
220(4)
8.7.1 Aristophanes' circumstantial evidence
221(1)
8.7.2 In classical Athens good money drove out bad money
221(3)
9 Why back and how to direct democracy
224(37)
9.1 Core weaknesses of contemporary democracy
227(7)
9.1.1 The self-interest of politicians
227(1)
9.1.2 Bureaucracy
228(1)
9.1.3 Uncoordinated administrative polycentrism
229(1)
9.1.4 Rent-seeking
230(1)
9.1.5 Regulatory and state capture
231(1)
9.1.5.1 Banking industry regulation and banks too-big-to-fail
231(1)
9.1.5.2 Concentration of capital ownership and inequality
232(2)
9.2 Sources of inherent weaknesses in contemporary democracy
234(7)
9.2.1 Impossibility of representation in groups
234(1)
9.2.2 Asymmetry of information
235(2)
9.2.3 The deleterious role of political parties
237(3)
9.2.4 Deficit spending
240(1)
9.3 The superior advantages of direct democracy
241(12)
9.3.1 No representation, no political parties, no voter alienation
242(3)
9.3.2 Procedural counterbalancing of informational asymmetries
245(2)
9.3.3 Election, accountability and personal responsibility of all officials
247(2)
9.3.4 Resiliency through multiple checks and balances
249(4)
9.4 The long march back to citizen sovereignty
253(5)
9.4.1 Gradualist pathways to substantive democracy
253(3)
9.4.2 Radical return to direct democracy
256(2)
9.5 Summary and concluding remarks
258(3)
References
261(1)
Ancient Greek authors 261(3)
More recent literature 264(13)
Contemporary literature in Greek 277(2)
Glossary of Greek Terms 279(10)
Index 289
George C. Bitros is Professor of Political Economy, Emeritus, Athens University of Economics and Business.

Emmanouil M.L. Economou is Adjunct Lecturer at the Department of Economics, University of Thessaly.

Nicholas C. Kyriazis is Professor at the Department of Economics, University of Thessaly.