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1 | (14) |
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1.1 Background and Motivation |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 A Survey of the Prior Research |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (2) |
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1.4 Materials and Methods |
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9 | (2) |
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1.5 Structure and Organization |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (2) |
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13 | (2) |
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2 Max Muller's Beginning of Modern Religious Study and the Silent Formulation of Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT) |
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15 | (36) |
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16 | (5) |
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2.1.1 A Century of Innovations |
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16 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Universities in Europe at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century and the First `Linguistic Turn' |
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17 | (2) |
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2.1.3 Schools of Theology in Nineteenth-Century Europe |
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19 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Emergence of Scientific Methods |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2 Curiosity to Common Past: The Study of Ancient Indian Literature in Europe |
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21 | (4) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Linguistic Research |
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24 | (1) |
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2.3 Emergence of Max Muller in European Scientific Scene |
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25 | (6) |
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2.3.1 Short Biography of Max Muller |
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25 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Influences on Max Muller |
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26 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Sanskrit: Text to Treatise |
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28 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Muller's Research with Rig Veda |
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29 | (2) |
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2.4 Max Muller's First Synthesis: Science of Language |
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31 | (5) |
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2.4.1 Scientific Study of Languages |
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32 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Muller-Darwin Debate |
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33 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Sociopolitical Influences on the Research |
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34 | (2) |
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2.5 Max Muller's Second Synthesis: Science or Religion |
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36 | (6) |
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2.5.1 Evolution of Religion |
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38 | (2) |
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2.5.2 Anti-christian Controversies |
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40 | (1) |
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2.5.3 Muller's Proposition: Universal Religion |
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41 | (1) |
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2.6 Max Muller's Silent Formulation of AIT |
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42 | (6) |
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2.6.1 Aryan: Language or Race |
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43 | (3) |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (3) |
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49 | (2) |
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3 Brahmo Samaj as an Actor in the Dissemination of Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT) in India |
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51 | (48) |
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51 | (12) |
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3.1.1 Nineteenth-Century European Politics and the Emergence of Oriental Studies |
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53 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Nineteenth Century European Scientific World |
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55 | (2) |
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3.1.3 Development of Aryan Myth |
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57 | (2) |
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3.1.4 Indian Political System in Nineteenth Century |
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59 | (2) |
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3.1.5 Social Crisis in Nineteenth-Century India and the Emergence of `Brahmo Samaj' |
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61 | (1) |
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3.1.6 Brahmo Samaj as Socio-Religious Reform Movement During Nineteenth Century in India |
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62 | (1) |
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3.2 A Short Overview of Brahmo Samaj |
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63 | (5) |
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3.2.1 Foundation and Growth of Brahmo Samaj |
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64 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Differences Between Debendra Nath Tagore and Keshub Chandra Sen |
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65 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Declining Influence of Keshub Chandra Sen |
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66 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Ideas and Influence of Brahma Samaj |
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67 | (1) |
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3.3 The Coagulation of Brahmo Samaj: from Conflict to Collaboration with Christian Missionaries |
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68 | (7) |
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3.3.1 `Brahmo Samaj of India' (Sadharan) Was a Representative to the Religious Multitudes of the Empire? the British View |
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69 | (3) |
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3.3.2 The Concept of the Leaders of Brahmo Samaj and Max Muller: Setting up a Network with Redefined Brahmo Samaj |
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72 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Muller's Interest Towards Spreading Christianity in India |
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73 | (2) |
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3.4 Keshub's New Synthesis: Making Brahmo Samaj Really Universal |
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75 | (3) |
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3.4.1 Keshub's Silent Support of AIT: Asiatic Christ |
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75 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Relation Between the AIT and the Anti-Caste and Anti-Brahman Movement |
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77 | (1) |
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3.5 AIT and Its Contradiction with Christianity |
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78 | (8) |
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3.5.1 Retracing of Brahmo Movement Towards Hinduism |
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79 | (2) |
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3.5.2 Muller and Keshub: The Method of Integration |
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81 | (2) |
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3.5.3 Keshub's Adoption of AIT |
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83 | (1) |
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3.5.4 Relationship Between AIT and British Monarchy |
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84 | (2) |
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3.6 Using the Tools of British Empire: The Politicization of Brahmo Samaj |
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86 | (5) |
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91 | (8) |
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3.7.1 Transition of Social Reform Movements |
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91 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Keshub Played a Role in British-Missionary Alliance? |
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91 | (2) |
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3.7.3 Donor-Receptor-Facilitator |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (5) |
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4 The Role of Christian Missionaries Towards Formulation and Spreading of Aryan Invasion Theory (AIT) in India |
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99 | (56) |
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4.1 Christianity in Nineteenth-Century Europe |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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4.4 History of Christian Missions in India |
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105 | (3) |
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4.5 Missionary Interest in India: Methods and Outcome |
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108 | (1) |
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4.6 Initial Setback of Missions: Insurmountable Obstacles |
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109 | (4) |
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4.7 Interaction with Indian Social Reformers |
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113 | (3) |
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4.8 Intellectual Conflict Between Missionaries and Social Reformers |
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116 | (2) |
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4.9 Educational Reform Movement: A New Strategy |
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118 | (4) |
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4.10 Christianity and Colonialism in India |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (2) |
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4.12 Muller's Role in Linguistic Studies: Colonial Ties |
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127 | (2) |
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4.13 Reactions of Christian Missionary Groups to Aryan Myth |
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129 | (4) |
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4.14 AIT and the Role of Christian Missions in India |
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133 | (1) |
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4.15 Vedantist Movement in Calcutta After Rammohun |
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133 | (4) |
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4.16 Reactions of Social Reformers: Dayanand Saraswati, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Jyotirao |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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4.18 Adoption by Christian Missionaries: A New Method |
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140 | (5) |
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4.19 Muller's Communications with Social Reformers in India and the Propagation of AIT |
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145 | (4) |
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149 | (6) |
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151 | (4) |
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155 | (4) |
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5.1 Extending the Research on Max Muller |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
Bibliography |
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159 | (6) |
Index |
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165 | |