| Preface |
|
xii | |
| Author biography |
|
xvi | |
| 1 Basics of photoelasticity and photoplasticity |
|
1-1 | (1) |
|
|
|
1-1 | (1) |
|
1.2 Birefringence and its use in photoelasticity |
|
|
1-2 | (1) |
|
|
|
1-3 | (1) |
|
|
|
1-5 | (1) |
|
1.5 Optical arrangements and fringe fields in conventional photoelasticity |
|
|
1-6 | (1) |
|
|
|
1-7 | (1) |
|
1.7 Analysis of plane polariscope by Jones calculus |
|
|
1-9 | (1) |
|
1.8 Analysis of circular polariscope by Jones calculus |
|
|
1-9 | (1) |
|
1.9 Fringe contours and their numbering in photoelasticity |
|
|
1-10 | (1) |
|
1.10 Calibration of model materials |
|
|
1-12 | (1) |
|
1.11 Tardy's method of compensation |
|
|
1-16 | (1) |
|
1.12 Three-dimensional photoelasticity |
|
|
1-18 | (1) |
|
1.13 Interpretation of results obtained from plastics to metallic prototypes |
|
|
1-20 | (1) |
|
1.14 Similitude relations |
|
|
1-21 | (1) |
|
1.15 Photoelastic results and methods for comparison |
|
|
1-22 | (1) |
|
1.16 Reflection photoelasticity |
|
|
1-25 | (1) |
|
|
|
1-27 | (1) |
|
|
|
1-33 | (1) |
|
|
|
1-33 | (1) |
|
|
|
1-40 | (1) |
| 2 Fringe multiplication, fringe thinning and carrier fringe analysis |
|
2-1 | (1) |
|
|
|
2-1 | (1) |
|
2.2 Digital fringe multiplication |
|
|
2-2 | (1) |
|
2.3 Digital fringe thinning |
|
|
2-3 | (1) |
|
2.3.1 Binary based method |
|
|
2-4 | (1) |
|
|
|
2-5 | (1) |
|
2.3.3 Global fringe thinning method |
|
|
2-6 | (1) |
|
2.4 Need of fracture mechanics to quantify cracks |
|
|
2-8 | (1) |
|
2.5 Development of the stress field equation in the neighbourhood of the crack-tip |
|
|
2-9 | (1) |
|
2.6 Study of interacting cracks |
|
|
2-13 | (1) |
|
2.7 Evaluation of stress-field parameters using non-linear least squares analysis |
|
|
2-14 | (1) |
|
2.7.1 Problem formulation |
|
|
2-14 | (1) |
|
2.7.2 Convergence criteria |
|
|
2-15 | (1) |
|
2.8 Subtleties in the evaluation of crack-tip stress field parameters |
|
|
2-16 | (1) |
|
2.8.1 Data collection module of PSIF |
|
|
2-16 | (1) |
|
2.8.2 Crack-tip refinement |
|
|
2-17 | (1) |
|
2.9 Experimental evaluation of stress field parameters for interacting cracks |
|
|
2-18 | (1) |
|
2.9.1 Uniaxial and biaxial loadings |
|
|
2-18 | (1) |
|
2.9.2 Study of angularly oriented cracks subjected to biaxial loading |
|
|
2-20 | (1) |
|
2.10 Empirical relations for estimating normalized SIF under biaxial loading |
|
|
2-26 | (1) |
|
2.11 Use of carrier fringes in photoelasticity |
|
|
2-27 | (1) |
|
2.12 Residual stresses in a commercial polycarbonate sheet |
|
|
2-27 | (1) |
|
2.12.1 Nature of the residual stresses |
|
|
2-27 | (1) |
|
2.12.2 Measurement of plastic flow induced residual stresses using CFM |
|
|
2-28 | (1) |
|
2.13 Nomenclature of stresses in glass |
|
|
2-31 | (1) |
|
2.14 Thickness stress evaluation of commercially annealed float glass |
|
|
2-32 | (1) |
|
2.14.1 Identification of composite fringes and stress calculations |
|
|
2-33 | (1) |
|
2.14.2 Comparison of thickness stresses measured using CFM and PST |
|
|
2-35 | (1) |
|
2.15 Calibration of glass |
|
|
2-36 | (1) |
|
2.15.1 Calibration of commercial float glass |
|
|
2-38 | (1) |
|
2.16 Edge stress analysis in tempered glass panels |
|
|
2-39 | (1) |
|
2.17 Influence of residual stress on crack-tip stress field parameters |
|
|
2-41 | (1) |
|
|
|
2-43 | (1) |
|
|
|
2-43 | (1) |
|
|
|
2-47 | (1) |
| 3 Phase shifting techniques in photoelasticity |
|
3-1 | (1) |
|
|
|
3-1 | (1) |
|
3.2 Intensity of light transmitted for generic arrangements of plane and circular polariscopes |
|
|
3-2 | (1) |
|
3.3 Development of phase shifting techniques |
|
|
3-4 | (1) |
|
3.4 Evaluation of photoelastic parameters using intensity information |
|
|
3-8 | (1) |
|
3.4.1 Calibration of polariscope |
|
|
3-10 | (1) |
|
3.4.2 Evaluation of the photoelastic parameters |
|
|
3-10 | (1) |
|
3.5 Phasemaps in photoelasticity |
|
|
3-13 | (1) |
|
3.6 Intricacies in phasemaps of digital photoelasticity |
|
|
3-15 | (1) |
|
3.7 Unwrapping methodologies |
|
|
3-16 | (1) |
|
3.8 Evaluation of isoclinics |
|
|
3-17 | (1) |
|
3.8.1 Origin of noise in isoclinic data |
|
|
3-17 | (1) |
|
3.8.2 Unwrapping of isoclinics |
|
|
3-20 | (1) |
|
3.8.3 Importance of binary representation |
|
|
3-24 | (1) |
|
3.9 Smoothing of isoclinics |
|
|
3-25 | (1) |
|
3.9.1 Quality assisted smoothing |
|
|
3-25 | (1) |
|
3.9.2 Standard deviation (SD) assisted smoothing |
|
|
3-26 | (1) |
|
3.9.3 Multi-directional progressive smoothing algorithm |
|
|
3-26 | (1) |
|
3.10 Unwrapping of isochromatics |
|
|
3-29 | (1) |
|
3.11 Phase shifting in colour domain |
|
|
3-30 | (1) |
|
|
|
3-32 | (1) |
|
3.12.1 Multi-seeded parallel unwrapping algorithm for isoclinic evaluation |
|
|
3-32 | (1) |
|
3.12.2 Application of multi-seeded parallel unwrapping algorithm to ball and socket joint of aero-structural component |
|
|
3-34 | (1) |
|
3.13 Developments in digital photoelastic hardware and software |
|
|
3-37 | (1) |
|
|
|
3-40 | (1) |
|
|
|
3-40 | (1) |
|
|
|
3-44 | (1) |
| 4 Total fringe order photoelasticity |
|
4-1 | (1) |
|
|
|
4-2 | (1) |
|
4.2 Intensity of light transmitted in white light for various polariscope arrangements |
|
|
4-3 | (1) |
|
4.3 Basics of three-fringe photoelasticity |
|
|
4-5 | (1) |
|
4.4 Calibration specimens and generation of a merged calibration table |
|
|
4-8 | (1) |
|
4.5 Twelve-fringe photoelasticity/ Total fringe order photoelasticity |
|
|
4-11 | (1) |
|
4.5.1 Exploration of various colour models |
|
|
4-11 | (1) |
|
4.5.2 Resolving fringe orders up to 12 |
|
|
4-16 | (1) |
|
4.6 Colour adaptation techniques |
|
|
4-18 | (1) |
|
4.6.1 Comparative study of the colour transfer method with two-point and three-point colour adaptation schemes |
|
|
4-22 | (1) |
|
|
|
4-24 | (1) |
|
4.7.1 Flood-fill scanning scheme |
|
|
4-25 | (1) |
|
4.7.2 Four sub-images scanning scheme |
|
|
4-27 | (1) |
|
4.7.3 Advancing front scanning scheme |
|
|
4-28 | (1) |
|
4.8 Influence of spatial resolution |
|
|
4-30 | (1) |
|
4.9 Fringe resolution guided scanning in TFP (FRSTFP) |
|
|
4-30 | (1) |
|
4.9.1 A new measure for identifying gradients in the model domain |
|
|
4-30 | (1) |
|
4.9.2 Development and application of FRSTFP |
|
|
4-33 | (1) |
|
4.9.3 Application to a stereo-lithographic model |
|
|
4-35 | (1) |
|
4.9.4 Application to interacting cracks in edge heating |
|
|
4-36 | (1) |
|
4.10 Image normalization methods |
|
|
4-39 | (1) |
|
4.10.1 Performance of the normalization approach to a practical problem |
|
|
4-41 | (1) |
|
4.11 Five-step/Four-step methods |
|
|
4-42 | (1) |
|
4.12 Digital photoelasticity applied to orthodontics |
|
|
4-44 | (1) |
|
|
|
4-49 | (1) |
|
Appendix A: Applying a frequency filter to an image |
|
|
4-50 | (1) |
|
Appendix B: Applying Hilbert transform to an image |
|
|
4-50 | (1) |
|
|
|
4-51 | (1) |
|
|
|
4-57 | (1) |
| 5 Diverse applications of photoelasticity |
|
5-1 | |
|
|
|
5-1 | (1) |
|
5.2 Photoelasticity impacting everyday life |
|
|
5-4 | (1) |
|
5.3 Photoelasticity in solving a problem in multi-physics |
|
|
5-5 | (1) |
|
5.4 Photoelasticity assisted FE modelling |
|
|
5-8 | (1) |
|
5.4.1 Role of photoelasticity in assisting process simulation of precision glass moulding |
|
|
5-8 | (1) |
|
5.4.2 Thermal stress evolution in a plate subjected to a mild thermal shock |
|
|
5-13 | (1) |
|
5.5 Importance of higher order terms in crack growth prediction |
|
|
5-15 | (1) |
|
5.6 Ingenuity of solving problems by simplifying the problem |
|
|
5-20 | (1) |
|
5.6.1 Design assessment of an aerospace component |
|
|
5-20 | (1) |
|
5.6.2 Failure analysis of chain links |
|
|
5-21 | (1) |
|
5.7 Three-dimensional photoelastic analysis |
|
|
5-23 | (1) |
|
5.7.1 Chain offset plate failure |
|
|
5-23 | (1) |
|
|
|
5-25 | (1) |
|
5.7.3 Rapid prototyping and photoelasticity |
|
|
5-28 | (1) |
|
5.8 Phenomenological studies on granular materials and structures |
|
|
5-31 | (1) |
|
|
|
5-31 | (1) |
|
5.8.2 Photoelasticity applied to masonry |
|
|
5-39 | (1) |
|
5.9 Photoelasticity for food security |
|
|
5-43 | (1) |
|
5.10 Photoelasticity applied to neurobiology |
|
|
5-47 | (1) |
|
5.10.1 Slithering locomotion |
|
|
5-48 | (1) |
|
|
|
5-50 | (1) |
|
5.10.3 Burrowing in granular media |
|
|
5-52 | (1) |
|
5.11 Photoelasticity in developing biomaterials |
|
|
5-52 | (1) |
|
5.12 Applications of Infrared Photoelasticity |
|
|
5-55 | (1) |
|
5.13 Photoelasticity in solid mechanics education |
|
|
5-59 | (1) |
|
|
|
5-63 | (1) |
|
Appendix: Simplified solution for stress field in a circular disc with self-equilibrated forces |
|
|
5-64 | (1) |
|
|
|
5-67 | (1) |
|
|
|
5-70 | |
