| Contributing Authors |
|
v | |
| Preface |
|
xvii | |
| Acknowledgements |
|
xviii | |
|
PART I Etiology and Prevention of Cancer |
|
|
|
1 Global Cancer Incidence and Mortality |
|
|
2 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Demographic Factors that Affect Cancer Risk |
|
|
4 | (5) |
|
Global Patterns of Cancer Risk and Burden |
|
|
9 | (3) |
|
Patterns of Most Common Cancers |
|
|
12 | (11) |
|
Issues in Interpreting Temporal Trends |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
|
|
26 | (4) |
|
2 Tobacco Use and the Cancer Patient |
|
|
30 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Tobacco Use Epidemiology, Addiction, and Tobacco Product Evolution |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, or Electronic Cigarettes |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Defining Tobacco Use by the Cancer Patient |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology of Tobacco Use and Cessation by Cancer Patients |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
Smoking Cessation in the Context of Lung Cancer Screening |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
The Clinical Effects of Smoking and Cessation on Cancer Treatment Outcomes |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
Addressing Tobacco Use by the Cancer Patient |
|
|
34 | (6) |
|
Research Considerations and the Future of Addressing Tobacco Use Across the Continuum of Cancer Care |
|
|
40 | (3) |
|
|
|
43 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
|
43 | (3) |
|
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
Lifestyle Guidelines for Cancer Prevention and Control |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (3) |
|
4 Genetic Counseling & Testing |
|
|
54 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Oncology Genetic Testing Landscape |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
The Evolving Role of Genetic Counselors |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Responsibly Scaling Genetic Services |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Practical Guidance for Ordering and Interpreting Genetic Testing |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
Additional Issues in Cancer Genetic Counseling |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (4) |
|
PART II Cancer Therapeutics |
|
|
|
5 Essentials of Radiation Therapy |
|
|
62 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
62 | (4) |
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Other Treatment Modalities |
|
|
67 | (3) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
Principles of the Use of Agents that Modify the Radiation Response |
|
|
73 | (3) |
|
|
|
76 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
|
76 | (5) |
|
Clinical Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
|
82 | (2) |
|
Complications with High-Dose Alkylating Agent Therapy |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Alkylating Agent-Steroid Conjugates |
|
|
84 | (1) |
|
Drug Resistance and Modulation |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
|
85 | (3) |
|
|
|
88 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Platinum Complexes after Cisplatin |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
Mechanisms of Action and Cellular Effects |
|
|
90 | (3) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
94 | (4) |
|
|
|
98 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98 | (3) |
|
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
9 Topoisomerase-Interacting Agents |
|
|
109 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biochemical and Biological Functions of Topoisomerases |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
Topoisomerase Inhibitors as Interfacial Poisons |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
Topoisomerase I Inhibitors: Camptothecins and Beyond |
|
|
111 | (3) |
|
Topoisomerase II Inhibitors: Intercalators and Nonintercalators |
|
|
114 | (4) |
|
Tumor-Targeted Topoisomerase Inhibitors |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
Topoisomerase I Inhibitor Combinations |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
Determinants of Response to Topoisomerase Inhibitors |
|
|
119 | (4) |
|
10 Microtubule Inhibitors |
|
|
123 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
|
123 | (4) |
|
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
Microtubule Antagonists and ADC Payloads |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Antimicrotubule Payloads of Antibody Drug Conjugates |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Mitotic Motor Protein Inhibitors |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Resistance to Microtubule Inhibitors |
|
|
130 | (3) |
|
11 Kinase Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs |
|
|
133 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
133 | (4) |
|
Validating Mutated Kinases as Cancer Drug Targets---the Development of Imatinib for Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors |
|
|
137 | (2) |
|
The Development of HER2-Targeted Therapies in Breast and Other Cancers |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
The Development of EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Identifying Therapeutic Targets in EGFR Wild-Type Lung Cancers |
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
Targeting BRAF-Mutant Tumors with RAF and MEK Inhibitors |
|
|
142 | (2) |
|
PI3 Kinase Pathway Inhibitors |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
FGFR Inhibitors: an Important Case for Isoform Selectivity |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
One Target or Several: Multitargeted Kinase Inhibitor Therapy |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors---An Example of Lineage Dependence |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
Tumor Agnostic Drug Targets---TRK Inhibitors for NTRK Fusion Positive Cancers |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (4) |
|
12 Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors, Demethylating Agents, and Epigenetic Drugs |
|
|
151 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
151 | (1) |
|
|
|
151 | (5) |
|
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
|
|
157 | (2) |
|
|
|
159 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biochemistry of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
Proteasome Inhibitors in Cancer |
|
|
160 | (13) |
|
14 Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors for Tumors with Defects in DNA Repair |
|
|
173 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Cellular DNA Repair Pathways |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
BRCAI and BRCA2 Mutations and DNA Repair |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
The Development of PARP Inhibitors |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
PARP-1 Inhibition as a Synthetic Lethal Therapeutic Strategy for the Treatment of BRGA-Deficient Cancers |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
Early Clinical Results Testing Synthetic Lethality of PARP Inhibitors and BRCA Mutation |
|
|
174 | (1) |
|
Clinical Studies Leading to the Approval of PARP Inhibitors for Therapeutic Use |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
The Use of PARP Inhibitors in Non-BRCA Germline Mutant Cancers |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of Resistance to PARP Inhibitors |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
15 Miscellaneous Chemotherapeutic Agents |
|
|
178 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Siroiimus, Temsirolimus, Everolimus |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Pomalidomide |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Miscellaneous Agents Repurposable for Cancer Therapy |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Cardiovascular Drugs Repurposable for Cancer Therapy |
|
|
182 | (3) |
|
Antimicrobial Drugs Repurposable for Cancer Therapy |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Antidiabetic Drugs Repurposable for Cancer Therapy |
|
|
186 | (5) |
|
|
|
191 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators |
|
|
191 | (2) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
Resistance to Endocrine-Targeted Therapy in Breast Cancer |
|
|
194 | (2) |
|
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogs |
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
Resistance to Androgen Therapies in Prostate Cancer |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
Other Sex Steroid Therapies |
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (3) |
|
17 Immunotherapy Agents: Monoclonal Antibodies |
|
|
202 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
Factors Regulating Antibody-Based Tumor Targeting |
|
|
202 | (2) |
|
Unconjugated Antibody Mechanisms of Action |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Antibody Modifications to Enhance Efficacy |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Antibodies Approved for Use in Solid Tumors |
|
|
206 | (2) |
|
Antibodies Approved for Use in Hematologic Malignancies |
|
|
208 | (2) |
|
|
|
210 | (2) |
|
18 Immunotherapy Agents: Checkpoint Modulators |
|
|
212 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
Preclinical Work with CTLA-4 |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
Early Studies with CTLA-4 Antibodies in Metastatic Cancer |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Preclinical Work with PD-1 |
|
|
213 | (1) |
|
Early Studies with PD-1 Antibodies in Metastatic Cancer |
|
|
214 | (1) |
|
Adjuvant Trials of Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
Neoadjuvant Trials of Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab in Melanoma and Other Cancers |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Combinations |
|
|
216 | (6) |
|
19 Immunotherapy Agents: Cellular Therapies |
|
|
222 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) |
|
|
223 | (4) |
|
Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cells |
|
|
227 | (3) |
|
T-Cell Receptor Engineered T Cells (TCR) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
Other Potential Cellular Therapies |
|
|
231 | (4) |
|
20 Immunotherapy Agents: Nonspecific Stimulators |
|
|
235 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
Role in the Tumor Microenvironment |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
IL-2 Variant Molecules---Improving the Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose IL-2 |
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
Antibody-Cytokine Fusion (Immunocytokines) |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
Toll-Like Receptor Agonists |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
GITR (Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF-R-Related Protein) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
ICOS (Inducible T-Cell Costimulator) |
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
|
|
240 | (1) |
|
Cytokines Other Than IL-2 |
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
21 Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation |
|
|
242 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Sources |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
Immunobiology of Transplantation |
|
|
245 | (3) |
|
Complications of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation and Their Management |
|
|
248 | (3) |
|
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
Major Disease Indications for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Prevention and Treatment of Posttransplant Relapse |
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
253 | (7) |
|
PART III Practice of Oncology |
|
|
|
22 Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials |
|
|
260 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
|
261 | (5) |
|
Design of Phase III Clinical Trials |
|
|
266 | (2) |
|
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
Analysis of Phase III Clinical Trials |
|
|
270 | (3) |
|
Reporting Results of Clinical Trials |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
False-Positive Reports in the Literature |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
|
|
273 | (3) |
|
|
|
|
23 General Principles in the Management of Head and Neck Cancer |
|
|
276 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Principles of Treatment for Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Clinically Positive Neck Lymph Nodes |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
|
280 | (7) |
|
24 Cancer of the Nasopharynx |
|
|
287 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Epidemiology and Etiology |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Genetic Risk Factors and Pathogenetic Mechanisms |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Workup and Screening |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Clinical and Molecular Biomarkers |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Early-Stage Disease |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Locoregionally Advanced Disease |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Radiotherapy Delivery, Planning, and Dose Fractionation |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Post-Treatment Surveillance |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Recurrent or Metastatic Disease |
|
|
292 | (5) |
|
25 Cancer of the Larynx and Hypopharynx |
|
|
297 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
|
297 | (5) |
|
Hypopharynx: Pharyngeal Walls, Pyriform Sinus, and Postcricoid Pharynx |
|
|
302 | (5) |
|
|
|
307 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pathophysiology of HPV-Positive Versus HPV-Negative OPSCC |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
General Principles for Selection of Treatment |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (4) |
|
27 Cancer of the Oral Cavity |
|
|
318 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Gingiva and Hard Palate (Including Retromolar Trigone) |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
|
326 | (4) |
|
28 Cancer of the Nasal Vestibule, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses |
|
|
330 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (6) |
|
29 Cancer of the Salivary Gland |
|
|
338 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Workup and Staging |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Pathological Classification |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Prognostic Factors and Molecular Markers |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (6) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
Surveillance and Suvivorship |
|
|
347 | (2) |
|
SECTION 2 THORACIC CAVITY |
|
|
|
30 Non-small-cell Lung Cancer |
|
|
349 | (42) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Epidemiology and Risk Factors |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Staging |
|
|
349 | (6) |
|
|
|
355 | (7) |
|
Molecular Landscape of Non-small-cell Lung Cancer |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Patients with Stage I to III |
|
|
363 | (5) |
|
|
|
368 | (10) |
|
Stage IV Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Without Driver Alterations |
|
|
378 | (3) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Malignant Pleural Effusion |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (8) |
|
31 Small Cell and Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung |
|
|
391 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (16) |
|
Typical Carcinoid and Atypical Carcinoid Tumors |
|
|
407 | (4) |
|
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma |
|
|
411 | (12) |
|
32 Neoplasms of the Mediastinum |
|
|
423 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
423 | (11) |
|
|
|
434 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
33 Cancer of the Esophagus |
|
|
439 | (48) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Etiologic Factors and Predisposing Conditions |
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
Applied Anatomy and Histology |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
Natural History and Patterns of Failure |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Studies and Pretreatment Staging Tools |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (2) |
|
|
|
447 | (17) |
|
Predictors of Treatment Response |
|
|
464 | (2) |
|
Palliation of Esophageal Cancer with Radiation Therapy |
|
|
466 | (1) |
|
|
|
467 | (2) |
|
Treatment of Metastatic Disease |
|
|
469 | (18) |
|
|
|
487 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incidence and Epidemiology |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Etiology and Risk Factors |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
|
|
493 | (3) |
|
Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy |
|
|
496 | (3) |
|
Treatment of Advanced Disease (Stage IV) |
|
|
499 | (4) |
|
Gastric Cancer in the Elderly |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Palliative Measures for Advanced Disease |
|
|
503 | (6) |
|
35 Cancer of the Pancreas |
|
|
509 | (35) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
Exocrine Pancreatic Cancers |
|
|
510 | (4) |
|
Endocrine Pancreatic Cancers |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Screening |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Diagnosis |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Staging and Assessment of Resectability |
|
|
516 | (4) |
|
Clinically Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma |
|
|
520 | (8) |
|
Clinically Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma |
|
|
528 | (2) |
|
Clinically Locally Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma |
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
Stage IV Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma |
|
|
532 | (4) |
|
Future Directions and Challenges |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (7) |
|
|
|
544 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (2) |
|
Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
|
|
548 | (3) |
|
Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Therapy |
|
|
551 | (13) |
|
Treatment of Other Primary Liver Tumors |
|
|
564 | (6) |
|
37 Cancer of the Biliary Tree |
|
|
570 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Anatomy of the Biliary Tract |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
|
|
571 | (10) |
|
|
|
581 | (4) |
|
Systemic Therapy for Cholangiocarcinoma |
|
|
585 | (5) |
|
|
|
590 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
590 | (4) |
|
Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma |
|
|
594 | (3) |
|
|
|
597 | (2) |
|
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
Metastatic Cancer to the Small Bowel |
|
|
600 | (4) |
|
39 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor |
|
|
604 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (3) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (6) |
|
|
|
614 | (4) |
|
|
|
618 | (60) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
Multistep Models of Colorectal Cancer and Genetic Instability |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
Mutational and Epigenetic Landscapes in Colorectal Cancer |
|
|
618 | (2) |
|
Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Gene Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Progression |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
Etiology: Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors |
|
|
622 | (3) |
|
Familial Colorectal Cancer |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
Screening for Colorectal Cancer |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
Staging and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer |
|
|
630 | (7) |
|
Approaches to Surgical Resection of Colon Cancer |
|
|
637 | (2) |
|
Surgical Management of Complications From Primary Colon Cancer |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
Laparoscopic Colon Resection |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
Polyps and Stage I Colon Cancer |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
Stage II and Stage III Colon Cancer |
|
|
641 | (3) |
|
Treatment of Stage II Patients |
|
|
644 | (3) |
|
Treatment Options for Stage III Patients |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
Investigational Adjuvant Approaches |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
Follow-Up After Management of Colon Cancer with Curative Intent |
|
|
649 | (2) |
|
Surgical Management of Stage IV Disease |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Management of Unresectable Metastatic Disease |
|
|
651 | (16) |
|
Molecular Predictive Markers |
|
|
667 | (11) |
|
|
|
678 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
|
679 | (2) |
|
|
|
681 | (9) |
|
Does Adjuvant Radiation Therapy Impact Survival? |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
Preoperative Radiation Therapy |
|
|
690 | (2) |
|
Which Patients Should Receive Adjuvant Therapy? |
|
|
692 | (2) |
|
Support of Nonoperative Management |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
Total Neoadjuvant Therapy |
|
|
694 | (3) |
|
|
|
697 | (2) |
|
Synchronous Rectal Primary and Metastases |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
Management of Unresectable Primary and Locally Advanced Disease (T4) |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
Management of Locally Recurrent Disease |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Re-Irradiation in Recurrent Disease |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Radiation Therapy Technique |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
|
701 | (7) |
|
42 Cancer of the Anal Region |
|
|
708 | (21) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and Etiology |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
|
|
709 | (4) |
|
Clinical Presentation and Staging |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
|
|
713 | (2) |
|
Treatment of Localized Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
715 | (8) |
|
Treatment of Other Sites and Pathologies |
|
|
723 | (6) |
|
SECTION 4 CANCERS OF THE GU TRACT |
|
|
|
|
|
729 | (27) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology, Demographics, and Risk Factors |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
Pathology of Renal Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
729 | (2) |
|
Differential Diagnosis and Staging |
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
Hereditary Kidney Cancer Syndromes, Genetics, and Molecular Biology |
|
|
732 | (6) |
|
Treatment of Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
738 | (4) |
|
Treatment of Locally Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
742 | (4) |
|
Surgical Management of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
746 | (2) |
|
Systemic Therapy for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
748 | (2) |
|
Conclusion and Future Directions |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
|
|
751 | (5) |
|
44 Cancer of the Bladder, Ureter, and Renal Pelvis |
|
|
756 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
Screening and Early Detection |
|
|
756 | (1) |
|
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
Molecular Biology of Bladder Cancer and Biomarkers |
|
|
757 | (2) |
|
|
|
759 | (16) |
|
Cancers of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter |
|
|
775 | (9) |
|
45 Cancer of the Prostate |
|
|
784 | (62) |
|
|
|
Leonardo Kayat Bittencourt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
|
|
786 | (5) |
|
|
|
791 | (1) |
|
|
|
792 | (11) |
|
|
|
803 | (3) |
|
Treatment of Prostate Cancer |
|
|
806 | (9) |
|
Management of Clinical Disease States |
|
|
815 | (17) |
|
|
|
832 | (14) |
|
46 Cancer of the Urethra and Penis |
|
|
846 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
846 | (1) |
|
|
|
846 | (2) |
|
Urethral Cancer in the Female |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
849 | (7) |
|
|
|
856 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
Christopher J. Logothetis |
|
|
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
Incidence and Epidemiology |
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
Initial Presentation and Management |
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
|
|
857 | (2) |
|
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
Immunohistochemical Markers |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
|
|
860 | (2) |
|
Management of Clinical Stage I Disease |
|
|
862 | (2) |
|
Management of Clinical Stage II Disease (Low Tumor Burden) |
|
|
864 | (1) |
|
Management of Stage II Disease with High Tumor Burden and Stage III Disease |
|
|
865 | (2) |
|
Management of Recurrent Disease |
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
Midline Tumors of Uncertain Histogenesis |
|
|
869 | (1) |
|
|
|
869 | (5) |
|
SECTION 5 GYNECOLOGICAL CANCERS |
|
|
|
|
|
874 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
874 | (2) |
|
|
|
876 | (1) |
|
|
|
876 | (3) |
|
|
|
879 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evaluation and Staging |
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
|
|
881 | (1) |
|
Chemotherapy Followed by Radical Surgery |
|
|
881 | (1) |
|
Management of Abnormal Cervical Screening |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Invasive Disease |
|
|
882 | (20) |
|
49 Cancer of the Vagina and Vulva |
|
|
902 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
902 | (4) |
|
|
|
906 | (11) |
|
50 Cancer of the Uterine Body |
|
|
917 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
917 | (11) |
|
|
|
928 | (7) |
|
51 Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia |
|
|
935 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
Genetics, Pathology, and Natural History |
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
Indications for Treatment |
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
Measurement of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
|
|
935 | (1) |
|
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
Staging and Prognostic Score |
|
|
936 | (1) |
|
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
Placental Site or Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumors |
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
Subsequent Pregnancy after Treatment for Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia |
|
|
939 | (2) |
|
|
|
941 | (27) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
941 | (1) |
|
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
|
|
943 | (1) |
|
|
|
944 | (2) |
|
Presentation and Evaluation of Advanced Disease |
|
|
946 | (1) |
|
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Staging |
|
|
946 | (1) |
|
|
|
947 | (2) |
|
Management of Newly Diagnosed Advanced-Stage Disease |
|
|
949 | (5) |
|
Maintenance Targeted Therapy |
|
|
954 | (1) |
|
Maintenance Therapy using PARP Inhibitors |
|
|
954 | (1) |
|
Clinical Implications of BRCA1/2 Mutation Status |
|
|
954 | (4) |
|
BRCA1/2 Reversion Mutations |
|
|
958 | (1) |
|
Tolerability of PARP Inhibitors |
|
|
958 | (1) |
|
Management of Recurrent Disease |
|
|
959 | (2) |
|
Antiangiogenesis Therapy for Treatment of Recurrent Disease |
|
|
961 | (1) |
|
|
|
961 | (1) |
|
Randomized Trials of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors |
|
|
962 | (1) |
|
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
Chimeric Antigen Receptors |
|
|
963 | (1) |
|
Bispecific T-Cell Engagers |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
Immune-Related Response Criteria |
|
|
964 | (1) |
|
|
|
964 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
53 Malignant Tumors of the Breast |
|
|
968 | (51) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
968 | (2) |
|
Screening and Prevention for Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer |
|
|
970 | (1) |
|
|
|
971 | (4) |
|
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
|
|
976 | (1) |
|
Management by Stage: Ductal Carcinoma in Situ |
|
|
976 | (6) |
|
Management by Stage: Primary Operable Invasive Breast Cancer |
|
|
982 | (11) |
|
Management by Stage: Adjuvant Systemic Therapy |
|
|
993 | (6) |
|
Management by Stage: Special Considerations |
|
|
999 | (4) |
|
Management by Stage: Metastatic Disease |
|
|
1003 | (4) |
|
|
|
1007 | (12) |
|
SECTION 7 CANCER OFTHE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM |
|
|
|
|
|
1019 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
Thyroid Tumor Classification and Staging Systems |
|
|
1020 | (2) |
|
Differentiated Thyroid Cancer |
|
|
1022 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer |
|
|
1023 | (3) |
|
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer |
|
|
1026 | (1) |
|
|
|
1026 | (2) |
|
|
|
1028 | (1) |
|
Thyroid Cancer in Children |
|
|
1028 | (4) |
|
|
|
1032 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
|
|
1032 | (1) |
|
Clinical Manifestations and Screening |
|
|
1033 | (1) |
|
|
|
1033 | (1) |
|
|
|
1034 | (1) |
|
Management of Parathyroid Carcinoma |
|
|
1034 | (2) |
|
Follow-Up and Natural History |
|
|
1036 | (1) |
|
|
|
1036 | (2) |
|
|
|
1038 | (10) |
|
Antonio Marcondes Lerario |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
|
|
1038 | (1) |
|
|
|
1038 | (2) |
|
|
|
1040 | (1) |
|
|
|
1040 | (3) |
|
|
|
1043 | (1) |
|
|
|
1043 | (2) |
|
|
|
1045 | (3) |
|
57 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms |
|
|
1048 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
|
|
1048 | (1) |
|
Classification, Histopathology, and Molecular Genetics |
|
|
1048 | (3) |
|
Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors |
|
|
1051 | (5) |
|
|
|
1056 | (3) |
|
Additional Clinical Considerations |
|
|
1059 | (1) |
|
Small Nonfunctioning Sporadic Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors |
|
|
1060 | (4) |
|
58 Carcinoid Tumors and the Carcinoid Syndrome |
|
|
1064 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
General Principles of Diagnosis and Staging |
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
General Management Principles |
|
|
1065 | (1) |
|
Diagnosis, Staging, and Management by Primary Tumor Site |
|
|
1066 | (2) |
|
Diagnosis and Management of Carcinoid Syndrome |
|
|
1068 | (1) |
|
Medical Management of NETS |
|
|
1069 | (1) |
|
Management of GI NET Liver Metastases |
|
|
1070 | (1) |
|
|
|
1071 | (2) |
|
59 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia |
|
|
1073 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1073 | (1) |
|
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 |
|
|
1073 | (3) |
|
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Types 2 and 3 and Familial Medullary Thyroid Cancer |
|
|
1076 | (2) |
|
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 4 |
|
|
1078 | (2) |
|
SECTION 8 SARCOMAS AND SOFT TISSUE |
|
|
|
|
|
1080 | (61) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1080 | (1) |
|
|
|
1080 | (1) |
|
Anatomic and Age Distribution and Pathology |
|
|
1081 | (3) |
|
Clinical and Pathologic Features of Specific Soft Tissue Tumor Types |
|
|
1084 | (18) |
|
|
|
1102 | (4) |
|
Management by Presentation Status, Extent of Disease, and Anatomic Location |
|
|
1106 | (20) |
|
|
|
1126 | (15) |
|
|
|
1141 | (36) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1141 | (1) |
|
|
|
1141 | (1) |
|
|
|
1142 | (1) |
|
Molecular Biology: Diagnostics and Biomarkers |
|
|
1143 | (8) |
|
|
|
1151 | (1) |
|
|
|
1152 | (2) |
|
|
|
1154 | (1) |
|
Management by Diagnosis and Stage |
|
|
1154 | (14) |
|
Continuing Care: Surveillance and Palliation |
|
|
1168 | (9) |
|
SECTION 9 CANCERS OF THE SKIN |
|
|
|
|
|
1177 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1177 | (4) |
|
|
|
1181 | (4) |
|
Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Actinic Keratosis |
|
|
1185 | (8) |
|
|
|
1193 | (2) |
|
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans |
|
|
1195 | (1) |
|
|
|
1196 | (1) |
|
Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma |
|
|
1197 | (1) |
|
|
|
1198 | (1) |
|
Extramammary Paget Disease |
|
|
1198 | (1) |
|
Atypical Fibroxanthoma and Pleomorphic Dermal Sarcoma |
|
|
1199 | (6) |
|
|
|
1205 | (58) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1205 | (1) |
|
Classification of Melanoma Subtypes |
|
|
1205 | (3) |
|
Molecular Biology of Melanoma |
|
|
1208 | (4) |
|
|
|
1212 | (1) |
|
|
|
1213 | (1) |
|
|
|
1213 | (1) |
|
Melanoma in Children, Infants, and Neonates |
|
|
1213 | (1) |
|
|
|
1214 | (1) |
|
Etiology and Risk Factors |
|
|
1214 | (1) |
|
|
|
1215 | (2) |
|
Diagnosis of Primary Melanoma |
|
|
1217 | (3) |
|
General Considerations in Clinical Management of a Newly Diagnosed Cutaneous Melanoma (Stages I and II) |
|
|
1220 | (1) |
|
Clinical Trials to Define Margins of Excision for Primary Cutaneous Melanomas |
|
|
1221 | (1) |
|
Surgical Staging of Regional Nodes |
|
|
1222 | (1) |
|
Selection of Patients for Sentinel Node Biopsy |
|
|
1223 | (1) |
|
Management of Clinically Localized Melanoma |
|
|
1223 | (2) |
|
Thick Melanomas (T4a, T4b, >4 mm Thick) |
|
|
1225 | (1) |
|
Special Considerations in Management of Primary Melanomas |
|
|
1225 | (2) |
|
Radiotherapy for a Primary Melanoma |
|
|
1227 | (1) |
|
Clinical Follow-Up for Intermediate-Thickness and Thick Melanomas (Stage IB to IIC) |
|
|
1228 | (1) |
|
Regionally Metastatic Melanoma (Stage III): Lymph Node Metastasis, Satellite Lesions, and In-Transit Metastases |
|
|
1228 | (5) |
|
Adjuvant Lymph Node Basin Radiotherapy |
|
|
1233 | (1) |
|
Neoadjvuant Therapy in Melanoma |
|
|
1234 | (2) |
|
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Stage III-IV after Surgical Resection |
|
|
1236 | (2) |
|
Management of Distant Metastases of Melanoma (Stage IV) |
|
|
1238 | (16) |
|
Radiation Therapy for Oligometastatic Melanoma |
|
|
1254 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
64 Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System |
|
|
1263 | (70) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Epidemiology of Brain Tumors |
|
|
1263 | (2) |
|
Classification and Pathology |
|
|
1265 | (1) |
|
Clinical Considerations by Anatomic Location |
|
|
1266 | (1) |
|
Neurodiagnostic Tests and Imaging |
|
|
1267 | (3) |
|
|
|
1270 | (1) |
|
|
|
1271 | (2) |
|
Systemic Treatments (Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, Targeted Agents, and Immunotherapy) |
|
|
1273 | (3) |
|
Specific Central Nervous System Neoplasms |
|
|
1276 | (18) |
|
|
|
1294 | (1) |
|
Optic, Chiasmal, and Hypothalamic Gliomas |
|
|
1294 | (2) |
|
|
|
1296 | (1) |
|
|
|
1297 | (1) |
|
|
|
1298 | (1) |
|
|
|
1299 | (1) |
|
|
|
1300 | (3) |
|
Primitive Neuroectodermal or Embryonal Central Nervous System Neoplasms |
|
|
1303 | (5) |
|
Pineal Region Tumors and Germ Cell Tumors |
|
|
1308 | (1) |
|
|
|
1309 | (2) |
|
|
|
1311 | (1) |
|
|
|
1312 | (2) |
|
|
|
1314 | (1) |
|
|
|
1314 | (1) |
|
Chordomas and Chondrosarcomas |
|
|
1315 | (3) |
|
|
|
1318 | (1) |
|
|
|
1319 | (14) |
|
SECTION 11 CANCERS IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS |
|
|
|
65 Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer |
|
|
1333 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1333 | (1) |
|
|
|
1333 | (1) |
|
|
|
1334 | (1) |
|
Signs, Symptoms, and Delays in Diagnosis |
|
|
1335 | (5) |
|
|
|
1340 | (1) |
|
|
|
1340 | (1) |
|
|
|
1340 | (5) |
|
|
|
1345 | (4) |
|
|
|
1349 | (4) |
|
SECTION 12 LYMPHOMAS IN ADULTS |
|
|
|
|
|
1353 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1353 | (1) |
|
|
|
1353 | (1) |
|
Pathology of Hodgkin Lymphoma |
|
|
1353 | (3) |
|
|
|
1356 | (1) |
|
Early-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma |
|
|
1357 | (6) |
|
Advanced-Stage Hodgkin Lymphoma |
|
|
1363 | (3) |
|
|
|
1366 | (5) |
|
|
|
1371 | (37) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1371 | (1) |
|
|
|
1371 | (4) |
|
Lymphoma Classification: the Principles of the World Health Organization Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms |
|
|
1375 | (1) |
|
Differential Diagnosis and Sites of Disease at Presentation |
|
|
1375 | (2) |
|
|
|
1377 | (1) |
|
Staging and Prognostic Systems |
|
|
1377 | (2) |
|
Specific Disease Entities |
|
|
1379 | (14) |
|
Mature T-Cell and Natural Killer Cell Neoplasms |
|
|
1393 | (15) |
|
|
|
1408 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1408 | (1) |
|
Mycosis Fungoides and the Sezary Syndrome |
|
|
1408 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and Etiology |
|
|
1408 | (1) |
|
|
|
1409 | (1) |
|
|
|
1410 | (1) |
|
|
|
1410 | (2) |
|
Staging and Prognosis of Mycosis Fungoides and the Sezary Syndrome |
|
|
1412 | (1) |
|
Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Cutaneous Lymphoma |
|
|
1412 | (1) |
|
Principles of Therapy of Mycosis Fungoides and the Sezary Syndrome |
|
|
1413 | (1) |
|
|
|
1413 | (3) |
|
Systemic Therapy for Mycosis Fungoides and the Sezary Syndrome |
|
|
1416 | (2) |
|
Other Cutaneous Lymphomas |
|
|
1418 | (6) |
|
69 Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma |
|
|
1424 | (13) |
|
|
|
Andres Jose Maria Ferreri |
|
|
|
|
Definition and Epidemiology |
|
|
1424 | (1) |
|
Histopathology and Molecular Profile |
|
|
1424 | (1) |
|
|
|
1424 | (2) |
|
|
|
1426 | (1) |
|
|
|
1427 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma |
|
|
1427 | (2) |
|
Management of Refractory/Relapsed Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma |
|
|
1429 | (1) |
|
Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma |
|
|
1429 | (5) |
|
|
|
1434 | (1) |
|
|
|
1434 | (3) |
|
SECTION 13 LEUKEMIAS AND PLASMA CELL TUMORS |
|
|
|
70 Management of Acute Leukemias |
|
|
1437 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1437 | (1) |
|
|
|
1437 | (9) |
|
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
|
|
1446 | (11) |
|
71 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia |
|
|
1457 | (14) |
|
Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1457 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis |
|
|
1457 | (1) |
|
|
|
1458 | (1) |
|
Differential Diagnosis, Staging, and Prognostic Factors |
|
|
1458 | (1) |
|
|
|
1459 | (1) |
|
|
|
1459 | (3) |
|
Assessment of Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors |
|
|
1462 | (1) |
|
Therapy of the Chronic Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia |
|
|
1463 | (2) |
|
Treatment of Advanced Disease |
|
|
1465 | (1) |
|
|
|
1466 | (5) |
|
72 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemias |
|
|
1471 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1471 | (1) |
|
|
|
1471 | (1) |
|
|
|
1471 | (2) |
|
|
|
1473 | (1) |
|
|
|
1473 | (1) |
|
|
|
1473 | (1) |
|
|
|
1473 | (1) |
|
|
|
1474 | (1) |
|
Indications for Treatment and Response Criteria |
|
|
1475 | (1) |
|
Treatments for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
|
|
1476 | (6) |
|
Management Considerations and Recommendations |
|
|
1482 | (2) |
|
|
|
1484 | (1) |
|
Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia |
|
|
1484 | (1) |
|
|
|
1485 | (4) |
|
73 Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
|
|
1489 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1489 | (1) |
|
|
|
1489 | (1) |
|
|
|
1489 | (1) |
|
|
|
1489 | (3) |
|
|
|
1492 | (1) |
|
|
|
1493 | (1) |
|
|
|
1493 | (2) |
|
Subtypes of Myelodysplastic Syndromes and Classification |
|
|
1495 | (1) |
|
Risk Stratification and Survival |
|
|
1495 | (1) |
|
|
|
1496 | (3) |
|
|
|
1499 | (2) |
|
|
|
1501 | (8) |
|
|
|
1509 | (37) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1509 | (1) |
|
|
|
1509 | (2) |
|
|
|
1511 | (2) |
|
Cytogenetic Classification |
|
|
1513 | (1) |
|
|
|
1514 | (1) |
|
|
|
1514 | (2) |
|
|
|
1516 | (1) |
|
Staging and Risk Stratification |
|
|
1517 | (1) |
|
|
|
1517 | (1) |
|
|
|
1517 | (13) |
|
|
|
1530 | (1) |
|
Monoclonal Gammopathy Of Undetermined Significance (Mgus) |
|
|
1531 | (1) |
|
|
|
1531 | (1) |
|
|
|
1531 | (1) |
|
|
|
1531 | (1) |
|
|
|
1532 | (1) |
|
|
|
1532 | (1) |
|
|
|
1532 | (1) |
|
|
|
1532 | (1) |
|
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma (Smm) |
|
|
1532 | (1) |
|
|
|
1532 | (1) |
|
|
|
1532 | (1) |
|
|
|
1532 | (2) |
|
|
|
1534 | (1) |
|
|
|
1534 | (1) |
|
|
|
1535 | (1) |
|
|
|
1535 | (1) |
|
Systemic AL (Immunoglobulin Light Chain) Amyloidosis |
|
|
1536 | (1) |
|
|
|
1536 | (1) |
|
|
|
1536 | (1) |
|
|
|
1536 | (2) |
|
|
|
1538 | (1) |
|
|
|
1538 | (1) |
|
|
|
1539 | (1) |
|
|
|
1539 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
75 Cancer of Unknown Primary |
|
|
1546 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1546 | (1) |
|
|
|
1546 | (2) |
|
Additional Diagnostic Tests in Cancer of Unknown Primary |
|
|
1548 | (1) |
|
Use of Next-Generation Sequencing |
|
|
1548 | (1) |
|
Clinical Features and Evaluation |
|
|
1549 | (1) |
|
|
|
1549 | (3) |
|
|
|
1552 | (2) |
|
76 Benign and Malignant Mesothelioma |
|
|
1554 | (29) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1554 | (4) |
|
|
|
1558 | (6) |
|
Prognostication of MPM to Guide Clinical Management |
|
|
1564 | (2) |
|
|
|
1566 | (17) |
|
77 Peritoneal Metastases and Peritoneal Mesothelioma |
|
|
1583 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1583 | (1) |
|
Natural History of Peritoneal Metastases |
|
|
1583 | (1) |
|
Treatment Options Based on Natural History and Pharmacologic Studies |
|
|
1584 | (1) |
|
Selection of Treatment Using Quantitative Prognostic Indicators |
|
|
1585 | (4) |
|
Treatment of Appendiceal Malignancy with Peritoneal Metastases |
|
|
1589 | (1) |
|
Curative Treatment and Prevention of Colorectal Peritoneal Metastases |
|
|
1589 | (1) |
|
Prevention and Treatment of Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastases |
|
|
1590 | (1) |
|
Treatment of Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastases |
|
|
1591 | (1) |
|
Management of Peritoneal Mesothelioma |
|
|
1592 | (4) |
|
|
|
1596 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1596 | (1) |
|
|
|
1596 | (1) |
|
|
|
1596 | (1) |
|
|
|
1597 | (2) |
|
Universal Uveal Melanoma Staging |
|
|
1599 | (1) |
|
Management of Primary Uveal Melanoma |
|
|
1600 | (1) |
|
Overview: Treatment of Choroidal Melanoma |
|
|
1600 | (1) |
|
Treatment for Special Cases |
|
|
1600 | (1) |
|
|
|
1601 | (4) |
|
Biomarkers: Prognostic and Predictive Factors |
|
|
1605 | (1) |
|
|
|
1605 | (3) |
|
SECTION 15 ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES |
|
|
|
79 Superior Vena Cava Syndrome |
|
|
1608 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1608 | (1) |
|
Anatomy and Pathophysiology |
|
|
1608 | (1) |
|
Clinical Presentation and Etiology |
|
|
1608 | (2) |
|
|
|
1610 | (1) |
|
Disease-Specific Management and Outcomes |
|
|
1610 | (1) |
|
|
|
1610 | (1) |
|
Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer |
|
|
1610 | (1) |
|
|
|
1610 | (1) |
|
|
|
1611 | (1) |
|
Catheter-Induced Obstruction |
|
|
1611 | (1) |
|
|
|
1611 | (1) |
|
|
|
1612 | (1) |
|
|
|
1612 | (2) |
|
80 Increased Intracranial Pressure |
|
|
1614 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1614 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiologic Considerations |
|
|
1614 | (1) |
|
Epidemiology and Pathogenesis |
|
|
1615 | (1) |
|
|
|
1615 | (2) |
|
|
|
1617 | (1) |
|
|
|
1618 | (3) |
|
81 Spinal Cord Compression |
|
|
1621 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1621 | (1) |
|
Anatomy and Pathophysiology |
|
|
1621 | (1) |
|
|
|
1621 | (1) |
|
|
|
1622 | (1) |
|
|
|
1622 | (1) |
|
|
|
1622 | (1) |
|
|
|
1623 | (5) |
|
|
|
1628 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1628 | (1) |
|
Tumor Lysis Syndrome and Hyperuricemia |
|
|
1628 | (1) |
|
|
|
1629 | (1) |
|
|
|
1630 | (1) |
|
|
|
1631 | (1) |
|
|
|
1631 | (3) |
|
SECTION 16 TREATMENT OF METASTATIC CANCER |
|
|
|
83 Metastatic Cancer to the Brain |
|
|
1634 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1634 | (1) |
|
|
|
1634 | (1) |
|
|
|
1634 | (1) |
|
|
|
1634 | (1) |
|
|
|
1634 | (1) |
|
|
|
1635 | (1) |
|
|
|
1636 | (5) |
|
Leptomeningeal Metastases |
|
|
1641 | (1) |
|
|
|
1642 | (5) |
|
84 Metastatic Cancer to the Lungs |
|
|
1647 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1647 | (1) |
|
Presentation and Diagnosis of Pulmonary Metastases |
|
|
1647 | (1) |
|
|
|
1648 | (3) |
|
|
|
1651 | (1) |
|
Treatment Concerns and Outcomes for Individual Histologies |
|
|
1652 | (3) |
|
|
|
1655 | (4) |
|
85 Metastatic Cancer to the Liver |
|
|
1659 | (13) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1659 | (3) |
|
Hepatic Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Metastases |
|
|
1662 | (5) |
|
Hepatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Metastases |
|
|
1667 | (1) |
|
Noncolorectal Non-Neuroendocrine Hepatic Metastases |
|
|
1668 | (4) |
|
86 Metastatic Cancer to the Bone |
|
|
1672 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1672 | (1) |
|
|
|
1672 | (1) |
|
|
|
1672 | (1) |
|
|
|
1672 | (1) |
|
Optimum Use of Bone-Targeted Agents in Metastatic Bone Disease |
|
|
1673 | (1) |
|
New Targeted Therapies in the Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease |
|
|
1674 | (1) |
|
External-Beam Radiation Therapy |
|
|
1674 | (2) |
|
|
|
1676 | (1) |
|
Radiotherapy for Complicated Bone Metastases: Localized External Beam |
|
|
1677 | (4) |
|
87 Malignant Pleural and Pericardial Effusions |
|
|
1681 | (8) |
|
|
|
Malignant Pleural Effusions |
|
|
1681 | (3) |
|
|
|
1684 | (1) |
|
Malignant Pericardial Effusions |
|
|
1685 | (2) |
|
|
|
1687 | (2) |
|
|
|
1689 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1689 | (1) |
|
Fluid Regulation and Pathophysiology |
|
|
1689 | (1) |
|
|
|
1689 | (1) |
|
|
|
1690 | (8) |
|
89 Paraneoplastic Syndromes |
|
|
1698 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1698 | (1) |
|
Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes |
|
|
1698 | (2) |
|
Paraneoplastic Endocrinology Syndromes |
|
|
1700 | (3) |
|
Paraneoplastic Hematologic Syndromes |
|
|
1703 | (1) |
|
Paraneoplastic Dermatologic Manifestations |
|
|
1703 | (1) |
|
Paraneoplastic Rheumatologic Manifestations |
|
|
1704 | (3) |
|
SECTION 17 MANAGEMENT OF ADVERSE EFFECTS OF TREATMENT |
|
|
|
90 Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia |
|
|
1707 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1707 | (10) |
|
|
|
1717 | (11) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1717 | (1) |
|
Nausea and Vomiting Syndromes |
|
|
1717 | (1) |
|
Pathophysiology of Treatment-Induced Nausea and Vomiting |
|
|
1717 | (1) |
|
Defining the Risk of Nausea and Vomiting |
|
|
1718 | (2) |
|
|
|
1720 | (2) |
|
|
|
1722 | (1) |
|
Antiemetic Treatment by Clinical Setting |
|
|
1722 | (1) |
|
Special Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Problems |
|
|
1723 | (2) |
|
Radiotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting |
|
|
1725 | (3) |
|
92 Diarrhea and Constipation |
|
|
1728 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1728 | (1) |
|
|
|
1728 | (1) |
|
|
|
1729 | (1) |
|
Ischemic Colitis (Non-Neutropenic Enterocolitis) |
|
|
1729 | (1) |
|
Targeted Therapy-Associated Diarrhea |
|
|
1730 | (1) |
|
Immunotherapy-Associated Diarrhea |
|
|
1730 | (1) |
|
Radiotherapy-Induced Diarrhea |
|
|
1730 | (1) |
|
Other Causes of Treatment-Related Diarrhea |
|
|
1730 | (1) |
|
|
|
1730 | (1) |
|
General Principles in the Management of Diarrhea |
|
|
1731 | (1) |
|
Antidiarrheal Medications |
|
|
1731 | (1) |
|
Specific Management Guidelines |
|
|
1731 | (1) |
|
Radiation Therapy-Induced Diarrhea |
|
|
1732 | (1) |
|
Immunotherapy-Induced Diarrhea and Colitis |
|
|
1732 | (1) |
|
Management of Neutropenic Enterocolitis |
|
|
1732 | (1) |
|
|
|
1733 | (1) |
|
|
|
1733 | (2) |
|
|
|
1735 | (3) |
|
|
|
1738 | (15) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1738 | (1) |
|
|
|
1738 | (1) |
|
Radiation Therapy-Related Complications |
|
|
1739 | (1) |
|
Pathogenesis of Chemotherapy- and Radiation Therapy-Induced Oral Mucositis |
|
|
1739 | (1) |
|
Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Oral Manifestations |
|
|
1740 | (1) |
|
Sequelae of Oral Complications |
|
|
1740 | (1) |
|
Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Oral Complications |
|
|
1741 | (1) |
|
|
|
1741 | (2) |
|
|
|
1743 | (1) |
|
Biologic Response Modifiers |
|
|
1744 | (3) |
|
Treatment for Oral Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease |
|
|
1747 | (1) |
|
|
|
1747 | (6) |
|
|
|
1753 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1753 | (1) |
|
Cardiomyopathy and Congestive Heart Failure |
|
|
1754 | (1) |
|
|
|
1754 | (1) |
|
Surveillance Before, During, and after Treatment |
|
|
1754 | (1) |
|
Cardioprotective Pharmacotherapy |
|
|
1755 | (1) |
|
Stress Cardiomyopathy (Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy) |
|
|
1755 | (1) |
|
|
|
1755 | (1) |
|
Agents Associated with Metabolic Abnormalities |
|
|
1756 | (1) |
|
Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential and Accelerated Atherosclerosis |
|
|
1756 | (1) |
|
Management of Ischemic Cardiac Events During Chemotherapy |
|
|
1756 | (1) |
|
Arrythmia and Long QTC Syndrome |
|
|
1756 | (1) |
|
Immunotherapies, Myocarditis, Pericarditis, and Cytokine Release |
|
|
1757 | (1) |
|
Radiation-Associated Cardiovascular Disease |
|
|
1757 | (2) |
|
Management and Long-Term Surveillance |
|
|
1759 | (2) |
|
|
|
1761 | (13) |
|
|
|
Karrie Anne Brondell Walker |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1761 | (1) |
|
Effects of Cytotoxic Agents on Adult Men |
|
|
1761 | (2) |
|
Effects of Cytotoxic Agents on Adult Women |
|
|
1763 | (4) |
|
Effects of Cytotoxic Agents on Children |
|
|
1767 | (1) |
|
Gonadal Dysfunction after Cranial Irradiation |
|
|
1767 | (1) |
|
Preservation of Fertility, Hormone Levels, and Sexual Function |
|
|
1767 | (3) |
|
|
|
1770 | (1) |
|
|
|
1771 | (3) |
|
|
|
1774 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1774 | (1) |
|
Definition, Risk Factors, and Mechanisms of Cancer-Related Fatigue |
|
|
1774 | (1) |
|
Screening and Evaluation of the Patient with Cancer-Related Fatigue |
|
|
1775 | (1) |
|
Interventions for Cancer-Related Fatigue |
|
|
1776 | (1) |
|
Pharmacologic Interventions |
|
|
1776 | (1) |
|
Nonpharmacologic Interventions |
|
|
1777 | (1) |
|
Complementary and Integrative Therapies |
|
|
1778 | (1) |
|
|
|
1778 | (6) |
|
97 Neurocognitive Effects |
|
|
1784 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1784 | (1) |
|
Assessment and Clinical Significance of Neurocognitive Function Impairment |
|
|
1784 | (1) |
|
Incidence of Cancer-Related Cognitive Dysfunction |
|
|
1784 | (1) |
|
Incidence and Mechanisms of Local Cancer Therapy-Related Cognitive Dysfunction |
|
|
1785 | (1) |
|
Incidence and Mechanisms of Systemic Cancer Therapy-Related Cognitive Dysfunction |
|
|
1786 | (1) |
|
Strategies to Mitigate Neurocognitive Effects of Cancer Therapy |
|
|
1787 | (2) |
|
|
|
1789 | (2) |
|
98 Management of Cancer Pain |
|
|
1791 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1791 | (1) |
|
|
|
1791 | (2) |
|
|
|
1793 | (11) |
|
|
|
1804 | (2) |
|
|
|
1806 | (1) |
|
|
|
1806 | (5) |
|
|
|
1811 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
Catherine Hambleton Davis |
|
|
|
|
1811 | (1) |
|
Causes of Malnutrition in Cancer Patients |
|
|
1811 | (1) |
|
Cancer Cachexia Syndrome (CCS) |
|
|
1812 | (1) |
|
Nutrition Screening and Assessment |
|
|
1813 | (1) |
|
Pharmacotherapy of Cancer-Associated Weight Loss and Malnutrition |
|
|
1814 | (1) |
|
Nutrition Support of Cancer Patients |
|
|
1814 | (5) |
|
|
|
1819 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1819 | (1) |
|
|
|
1819 | (1) |
|
Cancers that Affect Men and Women |
|
|
1820 | (1) |
|
|
|
1821 | (3) |
|
Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors |
|
|
1824 | (1) |
|
Relevant Sociocultural Considerations |
|
|
1824 | (1) |
|
Disruption of Intimacy and Relational Considerations |
|
|
1825 | (1) |
|
Communication About Sexual Problems |
|
|
1825 | (4) |
|
101 Psychiatric Distress and Resilience |
|
|
1829 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1829 | (1) |
|
Common Psychiatric Conditions |
|
|
1829 | (1) |
|
Screening for Psychological Problems |
|
|
1830 | (1) |
|
|
|
1830 | (1) |
|
|
|
1830 | (2) |
|
Psychoactive and Psychotropic Medications |
|
|
1832 | (1) |
|
|
|
1833 | (2) |
|
102 How We Talk to Patients and How We Talk to Ourselves |
|
|
1835 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1835 | (1) |
|
Organizing Thoughts for Discussion and Treatment |
|
|
1835 | (1) |
|
The Potential for Cure: Hope and Caution |
|
|
1836 | (1) |
|
Stage IV, Recurrence, and "The Plan" |
|
|
1837 | (1) |
|
The Safety Net Hospital: Cultural and Social Challenges |
|
|
1838 | (1) |
|
How We Talk to Ourselves and Our Colleagues |
|
|
1839 | (1) |
|
|
|
1839 | (1) |
|
|
|
1839 | (1) |
|
103 Specialized Care of the Terminally Ill |
|
|
1840 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1840 | (1) |
|
Early Specialist Palliative Care |
|
|
1840 | (1) |
|
|
|
1840 | (1) |
|
Specific Problems in the Setting of Advanced Cancer |
|
|
1840 | (3) |
|
|
|
1843 | (1) |
|
|
|
1844 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1848 | (9) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1848 | (1) |
|
Definition of Survivorship and Scope of the Problem |
|
|
1848 | (2) |
|
Goals of Survivorship Health Care |
|
|
1850 | (2) |
|
Communication and Care Coordination |
|
|
1852 | (1) |
|
Delivery of Follow-Up Care and Best Practice Models |
|
|
1852 | (1) |
|
Educational Considerations |
|
|
1853 | (1) |
|
|
|
1853 | (1) |
|
Financial Toxicity: Employment and Financial Hardship |
|
|
1854 | (1) |
|
|
|
1854 | (3) |
|
105 Minority Health and Cancer Health Disparities |
|
|
1857 | (7) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1857 | (1) |
|
|
|
1857 | (2) |
|
|
|
1859 | (1) |
|
Disparities in Specific Cancers |
|
|
1859 | (2) |
|
Quantifying Cancer Disparities in the United States |
|
|
1861 | (3) |
|
106 Virtual Care and Telehealth in Oncology |
|
|
1864 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1864 | (1) |
|
Definitions; Telemedicine, Telehealth, and Virtual Care |
|
|
1864 | (1) |
|
|
|
1864 | (1) |
|
|
|
1865 | (1) |
|
Clinical Impact in Oncology |
|
|
1865 | (1) |
|
Frameworks to Consider How Telehealth Fits Into Care |
|
|
1866 | (2) |
|
Telehealth Best Practices |
|
|
1868 | (1) |
|
Regulatory Compliance, Legal and Billing |
|
|
1869 | (1) |
|
Licensing, Reimbursement, and Liability |
|
|
1869 | (1) |
|
|
|
1870 | (2) |
|
107 Complementary, Alternative, and Integrative Therapies in Cancer Care |
|
|
1872 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1872 | (1) |
|
|
|
1872 | (2) |
|
|
|
1874 | (3) |
|
Dietary Supplements and Natural Products |
|
|
1877 | (1) |
| Conclusion |
|
1877 | |
| Index |
|
1 | |
