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Diagnosis, Management and Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Neuroscience of Development [Kõva köide]

Edited by (Visiting Professor of Perinatal Wellbeing, Institute for Health and Wellbeing, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, UK), Edited by (Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kings College Hospital, London, UK; Emeritus Professor, Faculty of Lif), Edited by
  • Formaat: Hardback, 624 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x216 mm, kaal: 1860 g, 500 illustrations (250 in full color); Illustrations, Contains 1 Hardback and 1 Digital (delivered electronically)
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128179880
  • ISBN-13: 9780128179888
Teised raamatud teemal:
Diagnosis, Management and Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Neuroscience of DevelopmentSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 624 pages, kõrgus x laius: 276x216 mm, kaal: 1860 g, 500 illustrations (250 in full color); Illustrations, Contains 1 Hardback and 1 Digital (delivered electronically)
  • Ilmumisaeg: 12-Jul-2021
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128179880
  • ISBN-13: 9780128179888
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780128179888.html
Märksõnad:

Diagnosis, Management and Modeling of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: The Neuroscience of Development is a comprehensive reference on the diagnosis and management of neurodevelopment and associated disorders. The book discusses the mechanisms underlying neurological development and provides readers with a detailed introduction to the neural connections and complexities in biological circuitries, as well as the interactions between genetics, epigenetics and other micro-environmental processes. In addition, the book also examines the pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions of development-related conditions.

  • Provides the most comprehensive coverage of the broad range of topics relating to the neuroscience of aging
  • Features sections on the genetics that influences aging and diseases of aging
  • Contains an abstract, key facts, a mini dictionary of terms, and summary points in each chapter
  • Focuses on neurological diseases and conditions linked to aging, environmental factors and clinical recommendations
  • Includes more than 500 illustrations and tables
Contributors xix
Preface xxv
Part I Introductory chapters: Setting the scene for the neuroscience of development
1 The structure of the human brain as revealed in six histological sections
R.A. Armstrong
List of abbreviations
3(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
4(1)
Introduction
4(1)
Section 1 Occipital Cortex
4(1)
Section 2 Temporal Cortex
4(2)
Section 3 The Basal Ganglia
6(2)
Section 4 The Midbrain
8(1)
Section 5 The Medulla
8(1)
Section 6 The Cerebellum
8(2)
Applications to other areas of development
10(1)
Key facts of brain structure
10(1)
Summary points
11(1)
References
11(2)
2 Neural tube defects: embryonic origin, cell survival equilibrium impact, and clinical features
Chiara Parodi
Paolo Grazioli
Laura Avagliano
Timothy M. George
Caetano P. Bulfamante
Richard H. Finnell
Valentina Massa
List of abbreviations
13(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
13(1)
Introduction
13(1)
Main text
14(1)
Neural tube defects: embryonic origin
14(2)
Neural tube defects: cell survival equilibrium impact
16(1)
Neural tube defects: clinical features
17(1)
Open NTDs
18(4)
Closed NTDs
22(1)
Conclusions
23(1)
Application to other areas of development
23(1)
Key facts
23(1)
Summary points
24(1)
Acknowledgments
24(1)
References
24(3)
3 Chemical substances affecting neurodevelopment
Munekazu Komada
List of abbreviations
27(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
27(1)
Application in other areas of development
28(1)
Morphogenesis in the neocortex
29(1)
The roles of estrogen signaling in the developing neocortex
30(1)
Endocrine disruptors that affect neocortical development: bisphenol A
31(1)
Endocrine disruptors that affect neocortical development: phthalates
31(1)
Endocrine disruptors that affect neocortex development: neonicotinoids
32(1)
Effects of brain inflammation and microglial abnormalities on neocortical development
33(1)
Association of chemicals exposure with brain inflammation and microglial abnormalities
34(1)
Summary points
35(1)
References
35(4)
4 High-risk babies and neurodevelopmental outcome
Merina Shrestha
List of abbreviations
39(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
39(1)
Introduction
39(1)
Preterm babies
39(1)
Birth asphyxia
40(2)
Early intervention (El) for high-risk babies
42(1)
When to do follow-up?
43(1)
Follow-up care of high-risk infants
43(1)
Schedule for follow-up
43(1)
Summary points
44(1)
References
44(3)
5 Genomic imprinting and neurodevelopment
Ines Lopez del Castillo
Anna Lozano-Urena
Sacri R. Ferron
List of abbreviations
47(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
47(1)
Introduction
48(1)
Genomic imprinting and gene dosage control
48(1)
Establishment of imprints during development
49(1)
Neural stem cells and neurodevelopment
50(1)
Imprinted genes regulation during brain development
51(1)
Genomic imprinting in postnatal neurogenesis
52(1)
Loss of imprinting and developmental syndromes
53(1)
Aberrations of imprinting and cancer
54(1)
Applications to other areas of development
54(1)
Key facts
54(1)
Key facts of genomic imprinting
54(1)
Key facts of neurogenesis
55(1)
Summary points
55(1)
References
55(4)
6 Insights from model systems: alcohol, neurodevelopment, and zebrafish
Robert Gerlai
List of abbreviations
59(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
59(1)
Introduction
60(1)
The zebrafish in FASD research: advantages, disadvantages, and consideration of the comparative approach
61(1)
Zebrafish in FASD research: the alcohol exposure method
61(1)
Characterization of phenotypical effects of embryonic alcohol exposure: starting the analysis with behavioral tests
62(3)
Mechanisms underlying embryonic alcohol-induced impairment of the shoaling response
65(4)
Developmental stage of exposure
69(1)
Concluding remarks
69(1)
Applications to other areas of development
70(1)
Key facts
70(1)
Summary points
70(1)
References
71(2)
7 Maternal iodine nutrition and neurodevelopment in the offspring
Shao Jia Zhou
List of abbreviations
73(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
73(1)
Introduction
73(1)
Iodine and its role in brain development
74(1)
Brain development during the fetal stage
74(1)
The role of thyroid hormone in neurodevelopment
75(1)
Iodine requirements and the consequences of iodine deficiency
75(2)
Assessment of iodine status
77(1)
Maternal iodine nutrition and neurodevelopment of offspring
77(1)
Maternal thyroid function in pregnancy and neurodevelopment of offspring
78(1)
Maternal iodine intake or status in pregnancy and neurodevelopment in the offspring
78(1)
Iodine supplementation in pregnancy and neurodevelopment in the offspring
78(4)
Conclusion
82(1)
Applications to other areas of development
82(1)
Key facts of universal salt iodization (USI)
82(1)
Summary points
82(1)
References
83(2)
8 Endocrine aspects of development. Thyroid hormone actions in neurological processes during brain development Ana Montero-Pedrazuela
Carmen Grijota-Martinez
Eva Auso
Soledad Barez-Lopez
Ana Guadano-Ferraz
List of abbreviations
85(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
85(1)
Hormones in brain development
86(1)
Thyroid hormones have an essential role in brain development
87(1)
Role of thyroid hormones in neurogenesis
88(2)
Role of thyroid hormones in neuronal migration
90(1)
Effects of thyroid hormones in astroglial cells maturation
90(1)
Involvement of thyroid hormones in later events of neurodevelopment
91(2)
Pathologies related to altered thyroid hormone levels during brain development
93(1)
Applications to other areas of development
94(1)
Key facts on neurodevelopmental actions of thyroid hormones
94(1)
Summary points
94(1)
References
95(6)
Part II Impairments and diseases
9 Pediatric brain tumors
Sherif G. Shaaban
Stephanie A. Terezakis
List of abbreviations
101(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
102(1)
Introduction
102(1)
Epidemiology
102(1)
Risk factors
102(1)
Genetic risk factors
102(1)
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1)
102(1)
Embryonal brain tumors
103(1)
Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT)
104(1)
Pediatric glioma
104(1)
High-grade glioma
105(1)
Optic pathway glioma
106(1)
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs)
107(1)
Germ cell tumors
107(1)
Central nervous system nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT)
108(2)
Key facts of proton therapy
110(1)
Summary points
111(1)
References
111(4)
10 Neurofibromatosis type 1: from cellular phenotypes to human brain function
Ines Bernardino
Joana Goncalves
Miguel Castelo-Branco
List of abbreviations
115(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
115(1)
Introduction
116(1)
The need to simultaneously understand pre- and postsynaptic phenotypes in NF1
116(1)
The visual system as a model system to study inhibitory phenotypes in NF1
117(1)
Contrast processing and inhibition
117(1)
Neural oscillations in visual cortex--a new functional probe in NF1?
118(1)
Applications to other areas of development with a focus on ASD
119(1)
What is the interest of this disorder in the general context of neurodevelopmental disorders?
119(1)
Heterogeneity in ASD and NF1
120(1)
Visual dorsal stream deficits
120(1)
Impulsivity and inhibitory control
120(2)
Social cognition deficits
122(1)
Implications for therapy
122(1)
Key facts of ASD prevalence in NF1
123(1)
Key facts of comorbid phenotypes in NF1
123(1)
Key facts of GABA in NF1
123(1)
Key facts of cognitive function in NF1
123(1)
Key facts of the mouse model in NF1
124(1)
Summary points
124(1)
References
124(3)
11 Current insights into neural crest cell development and pathologies
Rebekah M. Charney
Maneeshi S. Prasad
Martin I. Gara'a-Castro
List of abbreviations
127(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
127(1)
Introduction
127(1)
Early neural crest cell development
128(1)
Tissue interactions during neural crest cell induction
128(1)
Early specification of neural crest and lineage segregation
129(1)
Signaling pathways governing neural crest cell formation
129(1)
WNT signaling
129(1)
Bone morphogenetic protein signaling
130(1)
Fibroblast growth factor signaling
130(1)
Gene regulatory network governing neural crest specification and formation
131(1)
Neural plate border specifiers
131(1)
Neural crest specifiers
131(1)
Relationship to human pathologies
132(1)
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR)
132(1)
Neuroblastoma
133(1)
Familial dysautonomia
133(1)
Stem cell models of neural crest development
133(1)
Application to other areas of development
134(1)
Key facts of neural crest cells
134(1)
Summary points
134(1)
Acknowledgements
134(1)
References
135(4)
12 Spina bifida: a biopsychosocial perspective
Diana M. Ohanian
Adrien M. Winning
Laura M. Nicholson
Grayson N. Holmbeck
List of abbreviations
139(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
139(1)
Diagnosis
139(2)
Epidemiology
141(1)
Causation
141(1)
Prevention and surgical intervention
141(1)
Neurological presentation
142(1)
Physical presentation
143(1)
Cognitive presentation
143(1)
Intellectual functioning
144(1)
Visual-spatial
144(1)
Attention
144(1)
Executive functioning
145(1)
Memory
145(1)
Academic functioning
145(1)
Psychological functioning
145(1)
Social functioning
146(1)
Family functioning
146(1)
Self-management and independent functioning
147(1)
Interventions
147(1)
Attention and Executive Functioning
147(1)
Psychosocial interventions
148(1)
Academic interventions
148(1)
Burgeoning research
149(1)
Sleep
149(1)
Pain
149(1)
Cultural considerations
149(1)
Applications to other areas of development
149(1)
Key facts of spina bifida
150(1)
Summary points
150(1)
References
150(5)
13 Diabetic ketoacidosis and neurodevelopment
Walter Zegarra
Tandy Aye
List of abbreviations
155(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
155(1)
Introduction
155(1)
Definition and pathophysiology of DKA
156(1)
Frequency of DKA
157(1)
Clinical manifestations of DKA
157(1)
Morbidity and mortality of DKA
158(1)
Neurocognitive complications due to DKA
158(1)
Brain structural differences in DKA
158(3)
Clinical implications
161(1)
Applications to other areas of development
161(1)
Key facts about diabetic ketoacidosis
161(1)
Summary points
161(1)
References
162(3)
14 Four-dimensional features of fetal brain: applications to diabetes
Panagiotis Antsaklis
George Daskalakis
Asim Kurjak
Introduction
165(1)
Assessment of fetal neurobehavior in diabetic patients
166(1)
The differences in fetal behavior between diabetic and nondiabetic patients
167(1)
Fetal behavior in diabetes: differences and factors that affect it
168(2)
References
170(1)
Further reading
171(2)
15 Developmental effects of nicotine on cognitive, motivated, and executive behaviors
Kristi A. Kohlmeier
Filip S. Polli
Mini-dictionary of terms
173(1)
Nicotine exposure and replacement therapies during pregnancy
173(1)
Nicotine is teratogenic
174(2)
Prenatal smoking exposure is associated with structural changes in the human brain
176(1)
Animal models of prenatal nicotine exposure
177(1)
Prenatal nicotine exposure is associated with alterations in cognitive- and emotional-related behaviors
177(2)
Conclusion
179(1)
Applications to other areas of development
180(1)
Key facts
180(1)
Summary points
180(1)
Acknowledgments
180(1)
References
180(5)
16 Maternal methamphetamine and impact on the developing brain
Romana Slamberova
Kateryna Nohejlova
List of abbreviations
185(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
185(1)
Introduction
185(1)
Clinical studies
186(1)
Experimental studies
187(1)
The effect of methamphetamine on maternal care
187(2)
Critical developmental period
189(1)
Influence on future generations
189(1)
The effect of prenatal sensitization
190(1)
Conclusion
191(1)
Applications to other areas of development
191(1)
Key facts of methamphetamine
192(1)
Key acts of critical developmental period
192(1)
Summary points
192(1)
References
192(5)
17 Alcohol, cannabis, and brain development
Kristen R. Breit
List of abbreviations
197(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
197(1)
Introduction
198(1)
Prenatal alcohol exposure
198(1)
Brain and behavioral alterations associated with FASD
198(2)
Prenatal cannabis exposure
200(2)
Combined use of alcohol and cannabis during pregnancy
202(1)
Applications to other areas of development
202(1)
Summary points
202(1)
References
203(4)
18 The environmental pollutant trichloroethylene disrupts key neural pathways during brain development
Briana R. De Miranda
Sarah J. Blossom
List of abbreviations
207(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
207(1)
Introduction
207(1)
Trichloroethylene overview
207(1)
Sources of TCE exposure
208(1)
Human health risks
208(1)
Developmental neurotoxicity
208(1)
TCE exposure during development
208(1)
Developmental neurotoxicity
208(1)
Toxic mechanisms of neuronal pathology
209(1)
Receptor and channel disruption
209(1)
Mitochondrial dysfunction
209(2)
Genotoxicity and epigenetics
211(1)
Neurodevelopmental pathology
211(1)
Hippocampal toxicity
212(1)
Cerebellar abnormalities
213(1)
Immune modulation
213(1)
Conclusions
213(1)
Applications to other areas of development
213(1)
Key facts of developmental TCE exposure
214(1)
Summary points
215(1)
References
215(4)
19 Developmental neurotoxicity of the herbicide atrazine
Janiel Ahkin Chin Tai
Jennifer L. Freeman
List of abbreviations
219(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
219(1)
Introduction
220(1)
Toxicant profile
220(1)
Toxicokinetics
220(1)
Occupational exposure
220(1)
Environmental exposure
221(1)
Health risks
221(1)
Toxicity studies
221(1)
Neuroendocrine system toxicity
222(1)
Hypothalamic--pituitary--gonadal axis
222(1)
Hypothalamic--pituitary--adrenal axis
223(1)
Serotonin and the HPA axis
224(1)
Hypothalamus--pituitary--thyroid (HPT) axis
225(1)
Dopamine
225(1)
Conclusions
226(1)
Application to other areas of development
226(1)
Key facts of the developmental neurotoxicity of the herbicide atrazine
226(1)
Summary points
227(1)
References
227(2)
20 Neurodevelopmental delays and in utero exposure to hyperemesis gravidarum
Marlena S. Fejzo
Patrick M. Mullin
List of abbreviations
229(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
229(1)
Introduction
229(1)
HC and neurodevelopmental delay in babies and children
230(4)
HG exposure in utero and autism spectrum disorder
234(1)
HG exposure and psychological/behavioral disorders in adulthood
235(1)
Potential mechanisms
235(1)
GDF15 and IGFBP7
235(1)
Maternal stress
236(1)
Maternal starvation/dehydration
236(1)
Medication/treatment
236(1)
Maternal postpartum complications
237(1)
Conclusion
237(1)
Applications to other areas of neurodevelopmental delay
238(1)
Key facts of hyperemesis gravidarum
238(1)
Summary points
238(1)
References
238(3)
21 Neurodevelopment and PCDH19-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (PCDH19-DDE)
Silvia Bassani
Carla Marini
Maria Passafaro
List of abbreviations
241(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
242(1)
Introduction
242(1)
Clinical features of PCDH19-DDE
242(1)
PCDH19-DDE core symptoms
242(2)
Differential diagnosis and neuroimaging
244(1)
PCDH19 mutations
245(1)
PCDH19-DDE treatments
245(1)
The contribution of Pcdh19 to the different phases of brain development
246(1)
Neurulation
246(1)
Proliferation of NPCs and neurogenesis
246(1)
Neuronal migration and sorting
247(1)
Neuronal maturation and circuit formation
248(1)
The molecular mechanisms underpinning
PCDH19 neurodevelopmental role
248(1)
Applications to other areas of development
249(1)
Key facts of PCDH19-related neurodevelopmental disorder
250(1)
Summary points
250(1)
References
250(3)
22 Neurodevelopment in turner syndrome
Reid Blanchett
Rebecca C. Knickmeyer
List of abbreviations
253(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
253(1)
Introduction
253(1)
Genetics
254(1)
Physical features and key medical issues
255(1)
Skeletal system
255(1)
Reproductive system
255(1)
Cardiovascular system
255(1)
Auditory system
256(1)
Neurocognitive profile
256(1)
Vulnerability to learning disabilities and neuropsychiatric conditions
256(1)
Altered brain structure and function
256(1)
Visuospatial circuits
256(1)
Social processing circuits
257(1)
Circuits involved in attention and executive functions
257(1)
Circuits involved in arithmetical abilities
257(1)
Early development
257(1)
Mechanisms
257(1)
Haploinsufficiency of gene expression
258(1)
Failure to express imprinted genes
258(1)
Uncovering of X-linked mutations
259(1)
Functional disomy
259(1)
Clinical recommendations
259(1)
Conclusions
259(1)
Applications to other areas of development
259(2)
Key facts of the sex chromosomes
261(1)
Summary points
261(1)
References
261(4)
23 Very preterm children and the impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes
Leona Pascoe
Peter J. Anderson
List of abbreviations
265(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
265(1)
Introduction
265(1)
Neurodevelopmental impairments following very preterm birth
266(1)
Cognitive outcomes
266(1)
Attention and memory
267(1)
Executive function
267(1)
Language
268(1)
Academic achievement
269(1)
Motor outcomes
269(1)
Behavioral outcomes
270(1)
Socialemotional outcomes
270(1)
Mental health outcomes
270(1)
Factors associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes
271(1)
Applications to other areas of development
271(1)
Key facts about prematurity
272(1)
Summary points
272(1)
References
272(3)
24 Linking congenital heart disease and brain functional connectivity in newborns
Josepheen De Asis-Cruz
Catherine Limperopoulos
List of abbreviations
275(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
275(1)
Brain dysmaturity in CHD
276(1)
Brain injury in newborns with CHD
276(1)
Resting-state functional connectivity MRI
277(1)
Resting-state networks in newborns
278(1)
Functional connectome of the newborn brain
278(2)
Functional connectome in CHD
280(1)
Application to other areas of development
281(1)
Key facts about resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI)
282(1)
Summary points
282(1)
References
282(3)
25 Brain growth in congenital heart disease from prenatal environment to adulthood
Cynthia Ortinau
Abbreviations
285(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
285(1)
Introduction
285(1)
Timing, pattern, and trajectory of impaired brain growth
285(1)
Abnormal brain growth begins prenatally
285(2)
Perioperative and infant brain growth
287(1)
Persistent impairments in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood
288(1)
Potential mechanisms impeding brain growth
288(1)
Fetal cardiac physiology
288(1)
Effects of transitional physiology
289(1)
Cardiac surgery
289(1)
Genetic variants and brain growth
290(1)
Brain growth and neurodevelopment
290(1)
Applications to other areas of development
291(1)
Key facts
291(1)
Summary points
291(1)
References
291(4)
26 Adolescent dopamine development: connecting experience with vulnerability or resilience to psychiatric disease
Lauren M. Reynolds
Cecilia Flores
List of abbreviations
295(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
295(1)
Adolescence is a critical period for prefrontal cortex development
295(2)
Mesocortical dopamine development drives prefrontal cortex maturation
297(1)
The Netrin-1/DCC guidance cue system is a molecular regulator of PFC dopamine development
298(1)
Drugs of abuse alter adolescent dopamine development via DCC signaling
299(1)
MicroRNAs: linking experience, DCC expression, and adolescent dopamine development
299(1)
Conclusion
300(1)
Applications to other areas of development
300(1)
Key facts
301(1)
Summary points
301(1)
References
301(4)
27 Developmental coordination disorder
Jill G. Zwicker
List of abbreviations
305(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
305(1)
Introduction
306(1)
What is DCD?
306(1)
Diagnosis of DCD
306(1)
Common co-occurring conditions
306(1)
Prognosis of DCD
307(1)
Neural basis of DCD
308(2)
Genetic contributions to DCD
310(1)
Environmental exposures
310(1)
Hypothesized mechanisms underlying DCD
311(1)
Intervention
311(1)
Summary
312(1)
Applications to other areas of development
312(1)
Key facts
312(1)
Summary points
313(1)
References
313(6)
Part III Biomarkers, screening, methods and diagnosis
28 Neurodevelopment and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3)
N. Granana
A.M. Romero Otalvaro
List of abbreviations
319(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
319(1)
Introduction
319(1)
Systemized neurodevelopmental screening
320(1)
Types of instruments
320(2)
ASQ-3
322(1)
Validations of ASQ-3
322(1)
Comparison validations of ASQ-3 between different populations
323(1)
Screening and assessment of global development and specific developmental problems: the case of language delay and autism
324(1)
Outcomes from longitudinal well-child visits in young children with psychoeducative intervention sheets for parents and teachers with ASQ-3
325(1)
Assessment of neurodevelopment at daycare centers from adverse communities
325(1)
Applications to other areas of development
326(1)
Key facts
327(1)
Summary points
327(1)
References
327(2)
29 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder screening in childhood and adolescence
Steven J. Korzeniewski
List of abbreviations
329(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms adapted from last's dictionary of epidemiology (Last, 2002)
329(1)
Introduction
329(1)
Screening performance among children and adolescents
330(1)
Large (N > 500) and/or population representative samples of school-age children and adolescents
330(7)
Screening performance in large (N < 500) studies of pre-school age children
337(1)
Meta-analysis of small studies of children and adolescents
337(1)
Applications to other areas of development
338(2)
Conclusion
340(1)
Key facts of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children
340(1)
Summary points
340(1)
References
341(4)
30 The Mini-Mental State Pediatric Examination: a cognitive screening test for Italian children
Valeria Peviani
Pina Scarpa
Gabriella Bottini
List of abbreviations
345(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
345(1)
Introduction
346(1)
Neuropsychological assessment and cognitive screening
346(1)
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)
347(1)
Cognitive screening in developmental age
347(1)
MMSE and developmental age: different approaches compared
348(1)
Structure and flexibility of the MMSPE (Mini-Mental State Pediatric Examination)
349(1)
Child's age and parental education predict the MMSPE global cognitive score
349(2)
Applications to other areas of development
351(1)
Key facts of pediatric neuropsychological assessment
351(1)
Summary points
352(1)
References
353(2)
31 Prediction of neurodevelopment in preterm infants: from the neonatal intensive care unit into adulthood
Pilar Medina-Alva
List of abbreviations
355(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
355(1)
Introduction
356(1)
Neurodevelopmental impairment at 2 years
356(1)
Baby/infant examinations
357(1)
Neurological examination
357(1)
Head circumference
357(1)
General movements (GMs)
357(1)
Neuroimaging
358(1)
Cranial ultrasound
358(1)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
359(1)
Other prediction studies
360(1)
Electroencephalography/amplitude integrated encephalography (EEG/aEEG)
360(1)
Neurodevelopment at school age
360(1)
Neurodevelopment at school age
360(2)
Neuroimaging
362(1)
Prediction of language skills
362(1)
Prediction of sensory disorders
362(1)
Prediction of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
362(1)
Neurodevelopment in adolescents and adults
362(1)
Applications to other areas of development
362(1)
Key facts of prediction of neurodevelopment in preterm infants
363(1)
Summary points
363(1)
References
364(3)
32 Antenatal fetal neurodevelopment test: KANET assessment
Toshiyuki Hata
Mohamed Ahmed AboEllail
Mini-dictionary of terms
367(1)
Introduction
367(1)
Kurjak antenatal neurodevelopment test (KANET)
367(1)
Applications of KANET
368(3)
Limitations of KANET
371(1)
Mini KANET
371(1)
Conclusions
372(1)
Applications to other areas of development
373(1)
Key facts regarding KANET
373(1)
Summary points
373(1)
References
373(6)
Part IV Management and treatments
33 Pain evaluation and management in neurodevelopmental conditions
Marlon L. Wong
Eva Widerstrom-Noga
List of abbreviations
379(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
379(1)
Introduction
379(2)
Mechanisms of pain
381(1)
Pain in specific neurodevelopmental conditions
381(1)
Cerebral palsy (CP)
381(1)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
381(1)
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
382(1)
Pain assessment and management
382(1)
Pain evaluation
382(2)
Pain management
384(1)
Nociceptive pain
384(1)
Neuropathic pain
384(1)
Applications to other areas of development
385(1)
Key facts
385(1)
Summary points
385(1)
References
385(4)
34 Use of levetiracetam in neonates: features and applications (a narrative review)
Shannon Pollock
Louis N. Manganas
List of abbreviations
389(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
389(1)
Introduction
389(1)
Pharmacology of LEV
390(1)
Pharmacokinetics of LEV and considerations in neonates
390(1)
Acute and chronic effects of traditional AEDs and LEV on the immature brain
390(1)
Safety and efficacy of LEV in neonates
391(2)
Application to other areas of development
393(1)
Key facts of neonatal seizures
393(1)
Summary points
393(1)
References
394(1)
35 Quetiapine treatment in pediatric scenarios
Barbara Plemeniti Tololeski
Maja Drobnit Radobuljac
List of abbreviations
395(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
395(1)
Introduction
396(1)
Quetiapine and neuroscience
396(1)
Quetiapine use in early-onset schizophrenia and bipolar mania
397(2)
The use of quetiapine in other disorders in youth
399(1)
Quetiapine metabolic side effects and potential for abuse
400(1)
Applications to other areas of development
401(1)
Key facts about quetiapine
402(1)
Summary points
402(1)
References
402(3)
36 Treatments with cannabinoids and brain development
P. Schonhofen
D.M. Vargas
R.B. Parsons
F. Klamt
List of abbreviations
405(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
406(1)
Introduction
406(1)
Cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid signaling
406(1)
ECS in neurodevelopment
406(2)
Cannabinoid-based products in pediatrics
408(3)
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
411(1)
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
411(1)
Motor and tic disorders
411(1)
Schizophrenia
412(1)
Bipolar disorder
412(1)
Infantile epilepsy
412(1)
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
413(1)
Other neurodevelopmental conditions: behavioral, cognitive, and mood disorders
413(1)
Conclusions
414(1)
Applications to other areas of development
414(1)
Key facts of cannabinoids in neurodevelopmental disorders
415(1)
Summary points
415(1)
References
415(4)
37 Deep brain stimulation for pediatric dystonia: neurophysiological, behavioral, and functional changes and their clinical relevance
Lior M. Elkaim
George M. Ibrahim
List of abbreviations
419(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
419(1)
Introduction
419(2)
Dystonia pathogenesis: a brief overview
421(1)
Inherited dystonia without nervous system pathology
421(1)
DYT-TOR1A: pathophysiology and genetics
421(1)
Myoclonus dystonia (SGCE/DYT11): pathophysiology and genetics
422(1)
Inherited dystonia with nervous system pathology
422(1)
Pantothenate kinase-associated neuro-degeneration (PKAN): pathophysiology and genetics
423(1)
Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1)
423(1)
Acquired dystonia
423(1)
Cerebral palsy (CP): pathophysiology
423(1)
Idiopathic dystonia
423(2)
Deep brain stimulation
425(1)
DBS clinical impact
425(1)
Applications in other areas of development
425(1)
Key facts (5-10 in bulleted format)
426(1)
Summary points (5--10 in bulleted format)
426(1)
Appendix
426(1)
References
426(3)
38 Use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurodevelopment: a narrative review
Yoshihiro Noda
List of abbreviations
429(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
429(1)
Introduction
429(1)
Applications of rTMS in individuals of ASD
430(1)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
430(1)
Mechanism of action of TMS
431(1)
Clinical effectiveness of rTMS in ASD
431(1)
A new type of TMS treatment, theta-burst stimulation
431(1)
Safety and tolerability concerns of rTMS in ASD
432(1)
Ethical concerns of rTMS in ASD
433(1)
Applications to other areas of neurodevelopmental disorders
433(1)
Conclusions
433(1)
Key facts of TMS
434(1)
Key facts of ASD
434(1)
Summary points
434(1)
References
434(3)
39 Cognitive behavioral therapy in children with anxiety disorders
Gabrielle Gloston
Michael A. Sustaita
Ana C. Ramirez
Saira A. Weinzimmer
Andres G. Viana
Eric A. Storch
Sophie C. Schneider
List of abbreviations
437(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
437(1)
Introduction
437(1)
Prevalence and onset of pediatric anxiety disorders
438(1)
Cognitive behavioral therapy for pediatric anxiety disorders
439(2)
Evidence supporting CBT for pediatric anxiety disorders
441(1)
Manualized treatment protocols
441(1)
Parent involvement
442(1)
Treatment timing and intensity
442(1)
Treatment delivery formats
442(1)
Disorder-specific treatment
442(1)
Impact of comorbid disorders
442(1)
Effectiveness studies
443(1)
Conclusion
443(1)
Applications to other areas of development
443(1)
Key facts about cognitive behavioral therapy for pediatric anxiety disorders
443(1)
Summary points
443(1)
References
444(3)
40 Cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorders
Ana C. Ramirez
Mayra I. Perez
Danica Limon
Eric A. Storch
Sophie C. Schneider
List of abbreviations
447(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
447(1)
Introduction
447(1)
Presentation of anxiety disorders in ASD
448(1)
Treating anxiety in children with autism spectrum disorder
449(1)
Examples of adapting CBT for youth with ASD
450(2)
Review of key supporting evidence
452(1)
Limitations to available evidence
452(1)
Applications to other areas of development
453(1)
Key facts about cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety in youth with autism spectrum disorder
453(1)
Summary points
453(1)
References
453(4)
41 Nutritional treatment in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)
Oscar Garcia-Algar
Giorgia Sebastiani
Vicente Andreu-Fernandez
Sebastian Sailer
List of abbreviations
457(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
457(1)
Introduction
458(1)
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)
458(1)
Mechanisms of alcohol toxicity in FASD
459(1)
Postnatal nutritional treatment in FASD
459(1)
Choline
459(1)
Vitamin E (a-tocopherol) and vitamin C
460(1)
Omega-3
460(1)
Resveratrol
460(1)
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
461(1)
Other antioxidant therapies
461(1)
Applications to other areas of development
461(2)
Key facts of postnatal nutritional treatment of FASD
463(4)
References
467(4)
42 Nurturing the developing brain to reduce neurological delay
Kelly A. Vaughn
Bartlett D. Moore
Dana DeMaster
List of abbreviations
471(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
471(1)
Introduction
471(1)
Considering differential susceptibility within prematurity
472(1)
Effects of nurturing within prematurity
473(1)
Prematurity: mechanism of change
474(1)
Nurturing child language development
474(1)
Language: clinical implications
475(1)
Unique challenges for dual language learners
475(1)
Language: mechanism of change
476(1)
Applications to other areas of development
476(1)
Key facts of nurturing child language development
477(1)
Key facts about dual language learners
477(1)
Summary points
477(1)
References
478(3)
43 Normalizing perinatal neurological development via intervention
Dana DeMaster
Kelly A. Vaughn
Bartlett D. Moore
List of abbreviations
481(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
481(1)
Introduction
481(1)
Normative brain development in the perinatal period
481(3)
Neuroplasticity
484(1)
Nurturance in the NICU--pain
485(1)
Nurturance in the NICU--caregiver interaction
486(1)
Interventions in the NICU context
486(1)
Applications to other areas of development
487(1)
Key facts
488(1)
Summary points
488(1)
References
489(6)
Part V Models and modelling
44 Microplatforms as a model for neurological conditions
George Deeb
Zeina Bou Diab
Jessica Saliba
Arij Daou
Rami Mhanna
List of abbreviations
495(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
495(1)
Introduction
495(1)
Neural network development
496(1)
The nervous system in research
496(2)
Microfluidic systems
498(1)
Microfluidic models for brain disease
499(4)
The hope and hype of using microplatforms in brain pathology
503(1)
Application to other areas of development
504(1)
Key facts of neural development modeling on microplatforms
504(1)
Summary points
504(1)
References
505(6)
45 Disease models in neurodevelopmental disorders
Pietro Fazzari
Angela Rodri'guez-Prieto
Maximo Ibo Galindo
List of abbreviations
511(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
511(1)
Introduction
512(1)
Features of the Drosophila nervous system
512(1)
The genetic toolkit and resources in
Drosophila
513(1)
Drosophila models of
Charcot--Marie--Tooth peripheral neuropathy
513(1)
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes
513(1)
Mitochondrial dynamics genes
514(1)
Endolysosomal pathway
515(1)
Mouse as a model for neurodevelopmental disorders: from genes to cells, circuits, and behavior
515(1)
Brain development, a stepwise process
515(1)
Major milestones in cortical development
516(1)
NRGI, a major SZ-risk gene
517(1)
Roles of NRG1 in neural development: migration
518(1)
Roles of NRG1 in neural development: circuitry
518(1)
Applications to other areas of development
518(1)
Key facts of disease models in neurodevelopmental disorders
518(1)
Summary points
519(1)
References
519(2)
46 Developmental neurotoxicity of endosulfan: modeling with zebrafish
Karina Dale
Josef Daniel Rasinger
Stale Ellingsen
List of abbreviations
521(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
521(1)
Introduction
521(1)
Animal models in testing of chemicals with DNT potential
522(1)
General mechanisms in developmental neurotoxicity
522(1)
Developmental neurotoxicity of environmental contaminants
522(2)
Developmental neurotoxicity of insecticides
524(1)
Neurotoxic properties of endosulfan
524(1)
Developmental neurotoxicity of endosulfan
524(1)
Human
524(1)
Rodents
524(1)
Fish
525(1)
Endosulfan-induced developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish
525(1)
Morphology
525(1)
Behavior
526(1)
Oxidative stress
526(2)
Protective effects of vitamin E
528(1)
Applications to other areas of development
528(1)
Relevance to human disease
528(1)
Relevance to human nutrition
528(1)
Key facts of endosulfan
529(1)
Summary points
529(1)
References
529(4)
47 Neurodevelopment of the zebrafish spinal serotonin system
Mark A. Masino
Jacob E. Montgomery
List of abbreviations
533(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
533(1)
Introduction
533(1)
The use of zebrafish to study vertebrate neurodevelopment
534(1)
Neurodevelopment and ontogeny of swimming behavior
535(1)
Development of the serotonergic phenotype
535(1)
Comparative sources of spinal serotonin
536(1)
Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid--contacting neurons
536(2)
Postembryonic intraspinal serotonergic neurons
538(1)
Inferior raphe axons
539(1)
Applications to other areas of development
540(1)
Key facts of the zebrafish spinal serotonin system
540(1)
Summary points
540(1)
References
541(4)
48 Inbred mouse model of brain development and intestinal microbiota
Reinaldo B. Orik
Daniel V. Pinto
Ronaldo P. Dias
Ramon S. Raposo
Patricia L. Foley
Joao O. Malva
Richard L. Guerrant
List of abbreviations
545(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
545(1)
Introduction
545(1)
Laboratory animal housing and translational neuroscience research: where are the missing points and challenges?
546(2)
Revisiting animal models of brain development considering the intestinal microbiota
548(1)
Use of humanized mouse microbiota
548(1)
What is needed to consider
549(3)
Conclusion
552(1)
Applications to other areas of development
552(1)
Key facts of intestinal microbiota in translational neuroscience research
553(1)
Summary points
553(1)
Acknowledgments
553(1)
References
553(4)
49 The myelin mutant taiep rat as a model for developmental brain disorders
Jose R. Eguibar
Carmen Cortes
Juan C. Ahumada-Juirez
Valeria Piazza
Victor Hugo Hernandez Gonzalez
List of abbreviations
557(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
558(1)
Development of central nervous system
558(1)
Animal models of myelin diseases
558(1)
Different paths to obtain myelin mutants
559(1)
Leukodystrophies
559(1)
Tubulinopathies and leukodystrophies
560(1)
Taiep a myelin mutant model of leukodystrophy
561(1)
Developmental characteristics of taiep rats
561(1)
Developmental of gait in taiep rats
562(1)
Future trends in myelin diseases
563(1)
Applications to other areas of development
564(1)
Key facts of myelin taiep rats
564(1)
Summary points
564(1)
References
565(2)
50 The MAM-E17 neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia
Marzena Mackowiak
List of abbreviations
567(1)
Mini-dictionary of terms
567(1)
Introduction
568(1)
Validity of the MAM model of schizophrenia
568(1)
Construct validity
568(1)
Face validity
568(1)
Predictive validity
569(1)
Epigenetic regulation in the MAM-E17 model
569(2)
Adolescent abnormalities in the MAM-E17 model
571(1)
Adolescent environmental factors in the development of schizophrenia-like abnormalities in the MAM-E17 model
572(1)
Adolescent environmental enrichment
572(1)
Adolescent environmental risk factors
573(1)
Applications to other areas of development
573(1)
Key facts of schizophrenia
574(1)
Summary points
574(1)
References
574(5)
Part VI Resources
51 Recommended resources on the neuroscience of development
Rajkumar Rajendram
Victor R. Preedy
Introduction
579(1)
Resources
580(6)
Summary points
586(1)
Acknowledgments
587(1)
References 587(2)
Index 589
Colin R. Martin RN, BSc, MSc, PhD, MBA, YCAP, FHEA, C.Psychol, AFBPsS, C.Sci is Professor of Clinical Psychobiology and Applied Psychoneuroimmunology and Clinical Director of the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Suffolk, UK. He is a Chartered Health Psychologist and a Chartered Scientist. He also trained in analytical biochemistry, this aspect reflecting the psychobiological focus of much of his research within mental health. He has published or has in press well over 300 research papers and book chapters. He is a keen book author and editor having written and/or edited more than 50 books. These outputs include the prophetic insight into the treatment of neurological disease, Handbook of Behavior, Food and Nutrition (2011), Nanomedicine and the Nervous System (2012), Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants in Neurological Disease (2020), Zika Virus Impact, Diagnosis, Control and Models (2021), Factors Affecting Neurodevelopment: Genetics, Neurology, Behavior and Diet (2021), Diagnosis and Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury (2022), The Neurobiology, Physiology, and Psychology of Pain (2022) and The Handbook of Lifespan Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Childhood, Adolescence, Pregnancy, Adulthood, and Aging (2023). Professor Martin is particularly interested in all aspects of the relationship between underlying physiological substrates and behavior, particularly in how these relationships manifest in both acute and chronic psychiatric disorder. He has published original research germane to significant mental health disorders including the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, alcohol and drug dependency, high secure forensic mental health and personality disorder. He has a keen interest in the impact of postviral illness and is actively involved in clinical research post-Covid pandemic and in particular, the impact of Long Covid on psychological, neurological, physiological and social functioning. He is involved in collaborative International research with many European and Non-European countries. Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at Kings College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at Kings College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at Kings College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books. Dr Rajkumar Rajendram is a clinician scientist with a focus on internal medicine, anaesthesia, intensive care and peri-operative medicine. He graduated with distinctions from Guys, Kings and St. Thomas Medical School, Kings College London in 2001. As an undergraduate he was awarded several prizes, merits and distinctions in pre-clinical and clinical subjects.

Dr Rajendram began his post-graduate medical training in general medicine and intensive care in Oxford. He attained membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) in 2004 and completed specialist training in acute and general medicine in Oxford in 2010. Dr Rajendram subsequently practiced as a Consultant in Acute General Medicine at the John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford.



Dr Rajendram also trained in anaesthesia and intensive care in London and was awarded a fellowship of the Royal College of Anaesthetists (FRCA) in 2009. He completed advanced training in regional anaesthesia and intensive care. He was awarded a fellowship of the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine (FFICM) in 2013 and obtained the European diploma of intensive care medicine (EDIC) in 2014. He then moved to the Royal Free London Hospitals as a Consultant in Intensive Care, Anaesthesia and Peri-operative Medicine. He has been a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (FRCP Edin) and the Royal College of Physicians of London (FRCP Lond) since 2017 and 2019 respectively. He is currently a Consultant in Internal Medicine at King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Heath Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Dr Rajendrams focus on improving outcomes from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has involved research on point of care ultrasound and phenotypes of COVID-19. Dr Rajendram also recognises that nutritional support is a fundamental aspect of medical care. This is particularly important for patients with COVID-19. As a clinician scientist he has therefore devoted significant time and effort into nutritional science research and education. He is an affiliated member of the Nutritional Sciences Research Division of Kings College London and has published over 400 textbook chapters, review articles, peer-reviewed papers and abstracts.