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Difference Equations by Differential Equation Methods [Kõva köide]

(University of Surrey)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 222 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 235x155x17 mm, kaal: 440 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 10 Halftones, unspecified; 10 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Sari: Cambridge Monographs on Applied and Computational Mathematics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Aug-2014
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0521878527
  • ISBN-13: 9780521878524
  • Formaat: Hardback, 222 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 235x155x17 mm, kaal: 440 g, Worked examples or Exercises; 10 Halftones, unspecified; 10 Line drawings, unspecified
  • Sari: Cambridge Monographs on Applied and Computational Mathematics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Aug-2014
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0521878527
  • ISBN-13: 9780521878524
Many texts teach solution methods for differential equations, but this is the first that explains how to extend these methods to difference equations. It assumes no prior knowledge of difference equations, making it ideal for newcomers, but also contains much new material that will interest researchers in the field.

Most well-known solution techniques for differential equations exploit symmetry in some form. Systematic methods have been developed for finding and using symmetries, first integrals and conservation laws of a given differential equation. Here the author explains how to extend these powerful methods to difference equations, greatly increasing the range of solvable problems. Beginning with an introduction to elementary solution methods, the book gives readers a clear explanation of exact techniques for ordinary and partial difference equations. The informal presentation is suitable for anyone who is familiar with standard differential equation methods. No prior knowledge of difference equations or symmetry is assumed. The author uses worked examples to help readers grasp new concepts easily. There are 120 exercises of varying difficulty and suggestions for further reading. The book goes to the cutting edge of research; its many new ideas and methods make it a valuable reference for researchers in the field.

Muu info

Straightforward introduction for non-specialists and experts alike. Explains how to derive solutions, first integrals and conservation laws of difference equations.
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xv
1 Elementary methods for linear OδEs
1(34)
1.1 Basic definitions and notation
1(3)
1.2 The simplest OδEs: solution by summation
4(5)
1.2.1 Summation methods
5(3)
1.2.2 The summation operator
8(1)
1.3 First-order linear OδEs
9(3)
1.4 Reduction of order
12(3)
1.5 OδEs with constant coefficients
15(3)
1.6 Factorization
18(6)
1.7 Transformation to a known linear OδE
24(11)
Notes and further reading
30(1)
Exercises
31(4)
2 Simple symmetry methods for OδEs
35(41)
2.1 Nonlinear OδEs: some basics
35(2)
2.2 What is a symmetry?
37(8)
2.2.1 Symmetries of geometrical objects
37(3)
2.2.2 Lie symmetries of differential and difference equations
40(2)
2.2.3 Not all symmetries change solutions
42(1)
2.2.4 Characteristics and canonical coordinates
43(2)
2.3 Lie symmetries solve first-order OδEs
45(3)
2.4 How to find Lie symmetries of a given OδE
48(10)
2.4.1 First-order OδEs
48(4)
2.4.2 Second- and higher-order OδEs
52(6)
2.5 Reduction of order for nonlinear OδEs
58(4)
2.6 First integrals: the basics
62(3)
2.7 Direct methods for finding first integrals
65(2)
2.8 Indirect methods for constructing first integrals
67(9)
Notes and further reading
70(1)
Exercises
71(5)
3 Extensions of basic symmetry methods
76(32)
3.1 Geometrical aspects of Lie point transformations
76(4)
3.2 Lie point symmetries of systems of OδEs
80(2)
3.3 Dynamical symmetries
82(4)
3.4 The commutator
86(5)
3.5 Multiple reductions of order
91(2)
3.6 Partitioned OδEs
93(2)
3.7 Variational OδEs
95(4)
3.8 Variational symmetries and first integrals
99(9)
Notes and further reading
102(1)
Exercises
102(6)
4 Lattice transformations
108(30)
4.1 Transformations of the total space
108(6)
4.1.1 Lattice maps
110(3)
4.1.2 Fibre-preserving transformations
113(1)
4.1.3 Lattice transformations of a PδE
113(1)
4.2 What are the orders of a given PδE?
114(4)
4.3 Minimization of order
118(3)
4.4 Initial-value problems for scalar PδEs
121(2)
4.5 Solutions that fill the plane
123(6)
4.6 Symmetries from valid lattice maps
129(9)
4.6.1 Trivial symmetries
129(2)
4.6.2 Lattice symmetries
131(2)
Notes and further reading
133(1)
Exercises
134(4)
5 Solution methods for PδEs
138(27)
5.1 Notation for PδEs
138(1)
5.2 Factorizable PδEs
139(4)
5.3 Separation of variables
143(2)
5.4 Wavelike solutions of PδEs
145(3)
5.5 How to find Lie symmetries of a given PδE
148(9)
5.6 Some simple uses of symmetries
157(8)
5.6.1 Invariant solutions
157(2)
5.6.2 Linearization by a point transformation
159(1)
Notes and further reading
160(1)
Exercises
161(4)
6 Conservation laws
165(33)
6.1 Introduction to conservation laws
165(2)
6.2 Conservation laws for linear PδEs
167(2)
6.3 The direct method
169(5)
6.4 When are two conservation laws equivalent?
174(7)
6.5 Variational PδEs
181(2)
6.6 Noether's Theorem for PδEs
183(3)
6.7 Noether's Second Theorem
186(2)
6.8 Constrained variational symmetries
188(10)
Notes and further reading
190(2)
Exercises
192(6)
References 198(4)
Index 202
Peter E. Hydon is Professor of Mathematics at the University of Surrey.