Preface |
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xi | |
Acknowledgements |
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xv | |
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1 Elementary methods for linear OδEs |
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1 | (34) |
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1.1 Basic definitions and notation |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 The simplest OδEs: solution by summation |
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4 | (5) |
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5 | (3) |
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1.2.2 The summation operator |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3 First-order linear OδEs |
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9 | (3) |
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12 | (3) |
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1.5 OδEs with constant coefficients |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (6) |
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1.7 Transformation to a known linear OδE |
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24 | (11) |
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Notes and further reading |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (4) |
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2 Simple symmetry methods for OδEs |
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35 | (41) |
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2.1 Nonlinear OδEs: some basics |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (8) |
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2.2.1 Symmetries of geometrical objects |
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37 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Lie symmetries of differential and difference equations |
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40 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Not all symmetries change solutions |
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42 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Characteristics and canonical coordinates |
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43 | (2) |
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2.3 Lie symmetries solve first-order OδEs |
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45 | (3) |
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2.4 How to find Lie symmetries of a given OδE |
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48 | (10) |
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48 | (4) |
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2.4.2 Second- and higher-order OδEs |
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52 | (6) |
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2.5 Reduction of order for nonlinear OδEs |
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58 | (4) |
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2.6 First integrals: the basics |
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62 | (3) |
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2.7 Direct methods for finding first integrals |
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65 | (2) |
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2.8 Indirect methods for constructing first integrals |
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67 | (9) |
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Notes and further reading |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (5) |
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3 Extensions of basic symmetry methods |
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76 | (32) |
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3.1 Geometrical aspects of Lie point transformations |
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76 | (4) |
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3.2 Lie point symmetries of systems of OδEs |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (4) |
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86 | (5) |
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3.5 Multiple reductions of order |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (4) |
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3.8 Variational symmetries and first integrals |
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99 | (9) |
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Notes and further reading |
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102 | (1) |
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102 | (6) |
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4 Lattice transformations |
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108 | (30) |
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4.1 Transformations of the total space |
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108 | (6) |
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110 | (3) |
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4.1.2 Fibre-preserving transformations |
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113 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Lattice transformations of a PδE |
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113 | (1) |
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4.2 What are the orders of a given PδE? |
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114 | (4) |
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4.3 Minimization of order |
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118 | (3) |
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4.4 Initial-value problems for scalar PδEs |
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121 | (2) |
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4.5 Solutions that fill the plane |
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123 | (6) |
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4.6 Symmetries from valid lattice maps |
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129 | (9) |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (2) |
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Notes and further reading |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (4) |
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5 Solution methods for PδEs |
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138 | (27) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (4) |
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5.3 Separation of variables |
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143 | (2) |
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5.4 Wavelike solutions of PδEs |
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145 | (3) |
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5.5 How to find Lie symmetries of a given PδE |
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148 | (9) |
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5.6 Some simple uses of symmetries |
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157 | (8) |
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5.6.1 Invariant solutions |
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157 | (2) |
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5.6.2 Linearization by a point transformation |
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159 | (1) |
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Notes and further reading |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (4) |
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165 | (33) |
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6.1 Introduction to conservation laws |
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165 | (2) |
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6.2 Conservation laws for linear PδEs |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (5) |
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6.4 When are two conservation laws equivalent? |
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174 | (7) |
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181 | (2) |
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6.6 Noether's Theorem for PδEs |
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183 | (3) |
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6.7 Noether's Second Theorem |
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186 | (2) |
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6.8 Constrained variational symmetries |
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188 | (10) |
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Notes and further reading |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (6) |
References |
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198 | (4) |
Index |
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202 | |