| Preface |
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vii | |
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1 Nature Of The Digital Radiograph |
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3 | (9) |
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Development of Digital Radiography |
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3 | (1) |
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Nature of the Digital Image |
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4 | (2) |
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Digitizing the Analog Image |
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6 | (1) |
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Bit Depth, Dynamic Range, and Gray Scale |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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Voxels, Dexels, and Pixels |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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2 Creating The Latent Image |
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12 | (8) |
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12 | (1) |
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Creating Subject Contrast |
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13 | (4) |
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Role of Radiographic Technique in the Digital Age |
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17 | (1) |
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Subject Contrast and Sharpness |
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17 | (1) |
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Variables Affecting the Quality of the Final Displayed Radiographic Image |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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3 Qualities Of The Digital Radiograph |
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20 | (12) |
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Qualities of the Final Displayed Digital Image |
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20 | (6) |
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Qualities of the Latent Image Captured at the Image Receptor |
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26 | (1) |
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Resolution at the Microscopic Level |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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4 Radiographic Technique For Digital Imaging |
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32 | (15) |
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Understanding X-Ray Beam Penetration |
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33 | (1) |
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Sensitivity of Digital Units to Subject Contrast |
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34 | (1) |
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Subject Contrast and Exposure Latitude |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (3) |
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Sufficient Input Gray Scale |
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39 | (1) |
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Minimizing Patient Exposure with the 15 Percent Rule |
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39 | (2) |
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Benefits of High kVp Radiography |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (2) |
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5 Preprocessing And Histogram Analysis |
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47 | (16) |
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The Generic Steps of Digital Image Processing |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (4) |
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54 | (7) |
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61 | (2) |
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6 Rescaling (Processing) The Digital Radiograph |
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63 | (8) |
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65 | (1) |
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Q Values and the Permanent LUT |
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66 | (4) |
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70 | (1) |
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7 Default Postprocessing I: Gradation Processing |
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71 | (15) |
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Digital Processing Domains |
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71 | (4) |
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75 | (5) |
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80 | (1) |
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Dynamic Range Compression |
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81 | (3) |
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84 | (2) |
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8 Default Postprocessing II: Detail Processing |
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86 | (12) |
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Understanding the Frequency Domain |
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87 | (3) |
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Frequency Detail Processing |
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90 | (4) |
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Spatial Detail Processing (Kernels) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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9 Manipulating The Digital Image: Operator Adjustments |
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98 | (15) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (3) |
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102 | (9) |
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111 | (2) |
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10 Monitoring And Controlling Exposure |
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113 | (8) |
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113 | (1) |
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A Brief History of Exposure Indicators |
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114 | (1) |
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The Deviation Index: Acceptable Parameters for Exposure |
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114 | (4) |
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118 | (1) |
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A Note on "Controlling" Factors |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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11 Digital Image Acquisition |
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121 | (20) |
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Direct-Conversion DR Detectors |
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123 | (1) |
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Indirect-Conversion DR Detectors |
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124 | (1) |
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Computed Radiography (CR) |
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125 | (4) |
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Background and Scatter Radiation |
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129 | (1) |
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Sharpness of Digital Systems |
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129 | (6) |
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Efficiency of Image Receptors |
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135 | (1) |
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Digital Sampling and Aliasing |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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12 Displaying The Digital Image |
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141 | (15) |
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The Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitor |
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143 | (6) |
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149 | (4) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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13 Archiving Patient Images And Information |
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156 | (9) |
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Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) |
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156 | (5) |
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Medical Imaging Informatics |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (7) |
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Image Recording from an Image Intensifier Tube |
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166 | (2) |
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Dynamic Flat-Panel Detectors |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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15 Quality Control For Digital Equipment |
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172 | (7) |
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Monitoring of Digital X-Ray Units |
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172 | (1) |
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Monitoring of Electronic Image Display Systems |
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173 | (4) |
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177 | (2) |
| Glossary |
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179 | (16) |
| References |
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195 | (2) |
| Index |
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197 | |
